• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.89-100
• /
• 2017

In order for the international aviation community to efficiently and safely manage the gradual increase of air passenger demand, direction suggestions of airport traffic prediction based on future airport capacity requirements, airport design and infrastructure establishment is utilized by airport traffic data that is m comparable internationally. It is a global trend to pursue more efficient airport operating system structure to accept air passenger demand through more realistic comparable data in order to escape from the structure of reckless airport establishment and infrastructure composition based on passenger demand predictions referring to simple statistical data that has existed in the past. This study aimed to seek effective operational measures for the New Jeju airport scheduled to be opened in 2025 by time-series analysis. This study also analysed airport operation strategies, air traffic distribution strategies, cargo volume increase rates and its effectiveness of airports adopting the multi-airport system that have similar operational practices and geographical conditions. This study sought the most appropriate multi airport system application measures for New Jeju airport to promote efficiency and international competitiveness.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2001

In order to deal with the increase of container cargo traffic volume more effectively, the ministry of maritime affairs & fisheries has a long-term plan to develop Gaduk Island. According to the plan, the New Port will handle 4,600,00TEUs annually. The completion of the project will enable the port of Busan to perform as a hub port in the Asia Pacific era of the year 2000 with sufficient port facilities, and this will lead to a new era of oceanic Korea. With the advent of the Pacific Rim Era of the year 2000, Busan metropolis has set a strategic development plan to establish the area as the center of logistics in the noreast Asian region as well as to become the stronghold of economic activity in Korea's southeast region. To this end, industries that will open the doors to a marine era and a new industrial complex focused on logistics are planned in the West Busan area where Gimhae International Airport and the Busan New Port meet. This paper aims to find out the functional relation and complement between the Busan New Port Distri-Park handing container cargo traffic volume and the West Busan Logistics Pa가 handling an air cargo and railroad goods. Especially, paper aims to suggest the West Busan Logistics Park as the efficient management of the container cargo traffic volume due to the Development Plan of the Busan New Port.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.83-138
• /
• 2017

Korea-China FTA entered into force on the 20th of December 2015, and one year elapsed after its effectuation as the FTA with China, our country's largest trading partner. Therefore, this study looks at the trends of air transport trade between Korea and China, and examines the contents of concessions to the air transport services sector in Korea-China FTA, and analyzes the impact on the air transport sector by Korea-China FTA, and proposes our country's aviation policy direction in order to respond to such impact. In 2016 the trends of air transport trade between Korea and China are as follows : The export amount of air transport trade to China was 40.03 billion dollars, down by 9.3% from the last year, and occupied 32.2% of the total export amount to China. The import amount of air transport trade from China was 24.26 billion dollars, down by 9.1% from the last year, and occupied 27.7% of the total import amount from China. The contents of concessions to the air transport services sector in Korea-China FTA are as follows : China made concessions to the aircraft repair and maintenance services and the computer reservation system services with limitations on market access and national treatment in the air transport services sector of the China Schedule of Specific Commitments of Korea-China FTA Chapter 8 Annex. Korea made concessions to the computer reservation system services, selling and marketing of air transport services, and aircraft repair and maintenance without limitations on market access and national treatment in the air transport services sector of the Korea Schedule of Specific Commitments of Korea-China FTA Chapter 8 Annex. The impact on the air transport sector by Korea-China FTA are as follows : As for the impact on the air passenger market, in 2016 the arrival passengers of the international flight from China were 9.96 million, up by 20.6% from the last year, and the departure passengers to China were 9.90 million, up by 34.8% from the last year. As for the impact on the air cargo market, in 2016 the exported goods volumes of air cargo to China were 105,220.2 tons, up by 6.6% from the last year, and imported goods volumes from China were 133,750.9 tons, up by 12.3% from the last year. Among the major items of exported air cargo to China, the exported goods volumes of benefited items in the Tariff Schedule of China of Korea-China FTA were increased, and among the major items of imported air cargo from China, the imported goods volumes of benefited items in the Tariff Schedule of Korea of Korea-China FTA were increased. As for the impact on the logistics market, in 2016 the handling performance of exported air cargo to China by domestic forwarders were 119,618 tons, down by 2.1% from the last year, and the handling performance of imported air cargo from China were 79,430 tons, down by 4.4% from the last year. In 2016 the e-commerce export amount to China were 109.16 million dollars, up by 27.7% from the last year, and the e-commerce import amount from China were 89.43 million dollars, up by 72% from the last year. The author proposes the aviation policy direction of Korea according to Korea-China FTA as follows : First, the open skies between Korea and China shall be pushed ahead. In June 2006 Korea and China concluded the open skies agreement within the scope of the third freedom and fourth freedom of the air for passenger and cargo in Sandong Province and Hainan Province of China, and agreed the full open skies of flights between the two countries from the summer season in 2010. However, China protested against the interpretation of the draft of the memorandum of understanding to the air services agreement, therefore the further open skies did not take place. Through the separate aviation talks with China from Korea-China FTA, the gradual and selective open skies of air passenger market and air cargo market shall be pushed ahead. Second, the competitiveness of air transport industry and airport shall be secured. As for the strengthening methods of the competitiveness of Korea's air transport industry, the support system for the strengthening of national air carriers' competitiveness shall be prepared, and the new basis for competition of national air carriers shall be made, and the strategic network based on national interest shall be built. As for the strengthening methods of the competitiveness of Korea's airports, particularly Incheon Airport, the competitiveness of the network for aviation demand creation shall be strengthened, and the airport facilities and safety infrastructure shall be expanded, and the new added value through the airport shall be created, and the world's No.1 level of services shall be maintained. Third, the competitiveness of aviation logistics enterprises shall be strengthened. As for the strengthening methods of the competitiveness of Korea's aviation logistics enterprises, as the upbringing strategy of higher added value in response to the industry trends changes, the new logistics market shall be developed, and the logistics infrastructure shall be expanded, and the logistics professionals shall be trained. Additionally, as the expanding strategy of global logistics market, the support system for overseas investment of logistics enterprises shall be built, and according to expanding the global transport network, the international cooperation shall be strengthened, and the network infrastructure shall be secured. As for the strengthening methods of aviation logistics competitiveness of Incheon Airport, the enterprises' demand of moving in the logistics complex shall be responded, and the comparative advantage in the field of new growth cargo shall be preoccupied, and the logistics hub's capability shall be strengthened, and the competitiveness of cargo processing speed in the airport shall be advanced. Forth, in the subsequent negotiation of Korea-China FTA, the further opening of air transport services sector shall be secured. In the subsequent negotiation being initiated within two years after entry into force of Korea-China FTA, it is necessary to ask for the further opening of the concessions of computer reservation system services, and aircraft repair and maintenance services in which the concessions level of air transport services sector by China is insufficient compared to the concessions level in the existing FTA concluded by China. In conclusion, in order to respond to the impact on Korea's air passenger market, air cargo market and aviation logistics market by Korea-China FTA, the following policy tasks shall be pushed ahead : Taking into consideration of national air carriers' competitiveness and nation's benefits, the gradual and selective open skies shall be pushed ahead, and the support system to strengthen the competitiveness of air transport industry and airport shall be built, and entry into aviation logistics market by logistics enterprises shall be expanded, and the preparations to ask for the further opening of air transport services sector, low in the concessions level by China shall be made.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 2008

The immigration procedure at airports is vital to making passenger and cargo transport faster. The rapid procedure of immigration could be an important determining factor when passengers select an air transport company, one that should have high satisfactory in terms of their service level and efficiency. Therefore, the advanced airport makes it easy for customers and their cargo to proceed. The coordination between authorities related to the Korean international airport is not satisfactory for customers. This paper analyzes the factors necessary to enhance the airport immigration procedure with the movement of aircrafts, passengers, cargo, and post, using the CK(Cook and Kress) model of DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis). From this study, the author found that research and development will be needed to improve the immigration procedure, especially on facilities and their operating systems. There are needed, also, performance indicators and a continuous monitoring system.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.4
• /
• pp.65-85
• /
• 1992

The air waybill is supposed to be made out by the consignor. If the carrier makes it out, he is deemed, subject to proof to the contrary, to have done so on behalf of the consignor. The air waybill shall be made out in three original parts. The first part shall be marked "for the carrier", and shall be signed by the consignor. The second part shall be marked "for the consignee", it shall be signed by the consignor and by the carrier and shall accompany the goods. The third part shall be signed by the carrier and handed by him to the consignor, after the goods have been accepted. According to the original Warsow Convention article 8, the air waybill must contain 17 particulars or items. However, the Hague Protocol reduced to three the number of particulars required to appear on the air waybill. Only one item is obligatory, namely, the notice that the carriage is subject to the rules of the Warsaw Convention. The absence of the air waybill entails unlimited liability of the carrier because it deprives him of the right to avail himself of the provisions of the Warsaw Convention which exclude or limit his liability. The consignor shall be liable for all damages suffered by the carrier or any other person by reason of the irregularity, incorrectness or incompleteness of the particulars and statements in the air waybill. Although the contract of the carriage of goods by air is not a formal contract, the document of carriage is issued. The issue of air wayhill is not essential for the existence or validity of the contract, but serves merely as a means of proof. The Hague Protocol has lessened the consequences of the carrier's neglect to faithfully accomplish the required formalities. Henceforth, these formalities no longer constitute legal obligations. The air waybill is the consignment note used for the carriage of goods by air. It is often called an air consignment note and is not a document of title or transferable/negotiable instrument. It is basically a receipt for the goods for despatch and is prima facie evidence of the conditions of carriage. Each of the original parts of the air waybill has evidential value and possession of his part is a condition for the exercise by the consignor or cosignee of his rights under the contract of carriage. Oveall, it is an usage that under a documentary letter of credit, the consignee on the air waybill is the opening bank of the letter of credit, and the notify party is the importer who applied for the letter of credit. In Korea there is an usage as to process of cargo delivery in air transportation as follows: The carrier carries the cargo into the bonded area of the airport and gives both the notice of arrival of the cargo and the consignee's air waybill to the notify party who is the importer. Then the notify party obtains the Letter of Guarantee from the opening bank in exchange for reimbursing the amount of the letter of credit or tendering the security therefor to the opening bank. The notify party then presents this document to the customs authorities for the process of customs clearance. The opening bank becomes a consignee only to ensure repayment of the funds it has expended, and the only interest of the opening bank as consignee is the reimbursement of the money paid to the exporter under the documentary letter of credit. Just as the bill of lading in maritime law, the air waybill has always been considered negotiable although the Warsaw Convention does not emphasize this aspect of negotiability. However, the Hague Protocol article 4 corrected the situation by stating that "nothing in this Convention prevents the issue of a negotiable air waybill." This provision officially recognizes that the air waybill must meet the needs of the present day business circles by being a negotiable instrument. Meanwhile, Montreal Additional Protocol no. 4 has brought important changes. Registration by computer is acceptable and the parties to the contract of carriage are allowed to replace the air waybill with a receipt for the goods. In conclusion, as the Warsaw Convention has not details of provisions relating to the issuing of the negotiable air waybill, it is hoped that there should be supplement to the Warsaw Convention and establishment of international commercial usage with regard to the negotiable air waybill.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 2009

To improve maritime security and enhance international shipping commerce within US ports in addition to ISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code), the TWIC (Transportation Worker Identification Credential) program is working on the maritime field from the October 15, 2008 in the United States. In this paper, the program is reviewed and investigated in terms of goal, benefit, solution, and related legislation so forth In addition, other maritime security programs including MMD (Merchant Mariner Document), FAST (Free and Secure Trade), SIDA (Security Identification Display Areas). and Air Cargo security program was analyzed and compared in order to obtain relationship and difference with the program in terms of enrollment frequency, list and method of security check, and profile of each program As a result of this paper, the program is mostly to improve maritime security, protect individual privacy, and enhance commerce rather than other programs.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.183-201
• /
• 2004

Recently, Electronic commerce market is growing sharply for the expansion of internet and development of means of air transportation. Import Clearance System for express consignments, introduced in Korea, confers some benefit upon express consignments, ie. prompt clearance, simplification of the clearance procedure, exemption of necessary documents. But it has some problems such as lack of social security and trade compliance. So it requires some improvements as follows. Firstly, it has no legal background to clear all articles valued at US$100 or less carried by an express consignment operator. So customs brokers, not express consignment operators, should clear that articles. Secondly, it should be presented necessary documents including commercial invoice to prevent a wrong price declaration in entering express consignments valued at US$100 or less. Thirdly, X-ray inspectors must enhance their inspection ability. Customs must provide education programs for X-ray inspectors to improve their inspection ability. Lastly, Cargo selectivity system for express consignments have to be improved to operate effectively.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.119-169
• /
• 1993

In this article the present writers have surveyed recent cases on Warsaw Convention especially on the cases emerged in the years between 1986 to 1993. The cases before 1986 were discussed already in the book titled "Liability of International Air Carrier," written by Professor Choi, published in Seoul 1986. In this article the writers have reviewed most of the American cases and some cases from the courts of Germany, France and England. Main subjects which were discussed herein were as follows: Liability of air carriers in Warsaw Convention carriage 1. Exclusivity of the Warsaw Convention as a remedy 2. Warsaw Jurisdiction 3. The scope of the Warsaw Convention's definition of "Accident" under Article 17 of the Warsaw Convention (1) Mental anguish (2) Unusual or unexpected events 4. Adequacy of notice of the limitation of liability to passengers for injuries and death 5. Damages recoverable, punitive damages and burden of proof 6. The wilful misconduct exception; definition of wilful misconduct 7. Cargo and passenger baggage 8. Time limitation of actions After examining articles published world-wide, this article compiles and analyses recent cases involving the Warsaw Convention system. As Warsaw System is based on international convention, maintaining uniformity in interpretation is of utmost importance. Therefore, this type of study is essential for resolving air-transportation disputes in Korea. This article examines the current state and recommends the desired course for the Warsaw Convention. The writers hope that this article is helpful to the Korean courts and those in the air-transportation industry in interpreting the Warsaw Convention.

• The Journal of Aerospace Industry
• /
• s.49
• /
• pp.3-40
• /
• 1999

In this paper, the types of airport operation are categorized four groups in context of ownership and operational management; full government ownership and operation; government ownership with privatization of selected service; government ownership and private management; private ownership and operation. The term,"Privatization" has a different definition when it is used in different contexts and cultures. In this paper, the definition of"Privatization" in the context of airport, is that the movement of an entity from the government sector to the private sector. To keep pace with the remarkable growth in the air traffic volume of passengers and cargo, more and more mega-international airports have been built or are under construction. As the air transport demand is expected to increase at an even greater rate in the 21st century, the need for new conception airport is merging to solve the current problems such as airport congestions and flight delays which will be essential factors to decide whether the competitive airports or not. Presently, we researched the type of the operational management to strengthen the competitiveness for Korea's airports. Specifically, It is focused on the government ownership with privatization of selected services. It seems to be evaluated as government ownership and private management when it is actively utilized within Korea Airport Authority's law or Inchon International Airport's public corporation law. To make more competitive airport in 21st Century, however, it is desirable to seek for the method to gradually evaluate to private ownership and operation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2011

Recently, airport competitiveness measure is not only passenger and cargo throughput but also value-added activities of their hinterland and airport city. That is, airport competitiveness comes from airport versus airport to airport with their own-supplied city and hinterland connected with airport to provide diversified functions. This study surveyed and analyzed how to form a cluster focused on Incheon International Airport and what are important factors to form of cluster in achieving competences. These clusters need government's political support. In this case, there was a shortage of specialized human resources in competent local suppliers, and limited informations sharing.