• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.82-85
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• 2019

We investigated the anti-microbial activity of propolis against the pathogenic bacteria and fungi on ginseng. We selected six microbials that caused postharvest root rots in ginseng. Propolis extracts were prepared by using the ethanol extraction method. We seeded the bacteria and fungi related to ginseng disease on a specific culture medium, and treated it with propolis extracts by using the paper disc method. Propolis extracts indicate the anti-microbial activity against Paenibacillus polymyxa, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 and Pythium ultimum. However, the anti-fungal activity of propolis is weak on Pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. Cellulosa and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. As a result, the antimicrobial effects of propolis against microbial that prevent ginseng growth were confirmed. The antimicrobial effects are shown according to the concentration of propolis against root rot. The fungi also showed antibacterial effects in a dose-dependent manner.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.75
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• pp.179-198
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• 2017

Recently, agricultural exports of Korea have steadily increased. But, no progress is being made at the WTO and DDA negotiations, the FTAs have played a leading role in the formulation of the international trade rules, and countries have been cleverly utilizing non-tariff barriers such as SPS and TBT, there is a growing need to respond to non-tariff barriers aggressively. On the other hand, since the FTA has the potential to activate the global value chain, there is a high need for exporting companies in the domestic agricultural sector to understand the structure of the global value chain in agriculture and actively utilize the global value chain. The non-tariff measures of agricultural commodities major trading partners in the field of domestic agricultural exports were mostly comprised of SPS measures and TBT measures. The non-tariff measures corresponding to inputs and production stages of value chain elements (seeds, seedlings) in the value chain were mainly reported in SPS measures. TBT measures are mainly carried out in selective packaging, storage, processing, distribution, and export sales. It is most important for agricultural export companies to know their position on the value chain and information on non-tariff measures of importing countries in order to actively utilize the global value chain. Since there are non-tariff barriers that are difficult to be solved at the individual enterprise level, active government support of the government is not only important but also actively promoting relevant information to farmers and agricultural exporters. In addition, potential export farmers and prospective export companies will be able to identify TBT and SPS and other non-tariff barriers well in advance, and respond to them in advance. Also, through networking with export related organizations and overseas buyers, It is very important that policy support from the perspective of global value chain is linked effectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.720-730
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• 2016

Greenhouse-gas emission factors are widely used to estimate emissions arising from a defined unit of a specific activity. Such estimates are used both for international reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and for myriad national and sub-national reporting purposes (for example, European Union Emissions Trading Scheme; EU ETS). As with the other so-called 'Kyoto protocol GHGs', the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a methodology for national and sub-national estimation of $N_2O$ emissions, based on the sector from which the emissions arise. The objective of this study was to develop a integrated emission factor to estimate the direct $N_2O$ emission from an agricultural field cultivated with the red pepper, soy bean, spring cabbage, autumn cabbage and potato in 2010~2012. Emission factor of $N_2O$ calculated using accumulated $N_2O$ emission, N fertilization rate, and background $N_2O$ emission over three year experiment was $0.00596{\pm}0.001337kg$ $N_2O-N(N\;kg)^{-1}$. More extensive studies need to be conducted to develop $N_2O$ emission factors for other upland crops in the various regions of Korea because $N_2O$ emission is influenced by many factors including climate characteristics, soil properties, and agricultural practices.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2021

High blood cholesterol levels and oxidized cholesterol are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which displays high annual incidence. Although studies on sericulture products, including pupae, silk protein, and blood lymph, as hypocholesterolemic substances have been reported, insufficient research in this field has been focused on silkworm larvae. Six larval extracts (Low temperature distilled water, LW; hot temperature distilled water, HW; and 30-100% ethanol, E30-E100) were prepared, and their effects on cholesterol metabolism were examined. LW most potently reduced the risk of cholesterol-related disorders. Polyphenols were highly represented in LW, corresponding with its increased antioxidant potency. The cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was strongly inhibited by LW. Hepatocytes over-expressed LDL receptor (LDLR) after LW stimulation, promoting cholesterol elimination from plasma. LW also increased ATP binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) gene expression, upregulating HDL biogenesis. In conclusion, LW exhibited strong antioxidant activity, suppressed cholesterol biosynthesis, improved LDL uptake from plasma, and upregulated HDL biosynthesis. In aggregate, these activities could reduce blood cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.2
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• pp.122-138
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• 1984

Degree of difficulty in policy problems depends on a gap between present situation and desiriable situation. It is a international common sense that Agricultural policy is performed on the basis of protectionism, but yet it seems to be a hot issue in Korea, and there are many difficult problems in agricultural policies. Natural of these problems is interdependent. and a more efficient approach to these is to be systematic one. Therefore, in this paper, as a basic study to make more desirable agricultural policy, a basic structure for the systemization of goals or targets of Agricultural policy is studied. Because value judgement is much difficult matter in normative approach, basic goals of agricultural policy used in this study are selected among collective preference indicators which "are being required" or "should be required" clearly in our society (Korea), and the context of recent agricultural policies history in OCED countries is referenced to gain this goals in Agricultural policies.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.329-333
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• 2024

With increasing applications of technologies developed in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, data have come to replace important knowledge and experience in the agricultural field. Although data-based smart agriculture is growing at an average annual rate of 8.57%, research on ways to utilize data produced alongside is remains insufficient. Because such data may considerably help stakeholders involved in agricultural activities, we deployed the prosumer concept to revitalize agricultural data. We systematically structured and defined three relevant entities: the prosumer, which produces and consumes agricultural data; the database, which systematically processes and integrates agricultural data; and the consumer, which utilizes agricultural data in various ways. Our framework is designed to help stakeholders use agricultural data to improve the quality of crops, minimize the failure of agricultural activities, quickly adapt to new environments and methods of crop production, and find effective solutions to relevant issues.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.33-46
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• 2013

The present study aims to provide an analytical framework for achieving aid and development effectiveness of agricultural cooperation with a demand-oriented perspective. This paper pays particular attention to categorize the stages of agricultural development of African recipients to identify demands for agricultural aid of the categorized groups. To do so, first of all, it establishes theoretical background to apply the demand-oriented concept and utilize the phase of agricultural development as an alternative for aid and development effectiveness. On the basis of the theoretical robustness, it conducts a series of analyses to categorize the African recipients by the development stages, incorporating factor analysis, cluster analysis and comparison between the present-future agricultural development levels. The findings propose analysis indicators for phase of agricultural development and clustered results including 18 countries of KAFACI members and priority countries in Africa. In addition to the practical application of the results, the methodological flow can be used as steps for sketching a future roadmap to construct the demand-oriented ODA(Official Development Assistance) plan. This paper also offers implications regarding ODA strategy of Korea in response to the phase of agricultural development and the aid demands.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2018

용과(Hylocereus undatus)는 멕시코 및 과태말라가 원산지이며 아열대 및 열대지역에서 재배되고 있으며 아시아는 베트남 타이완 중국 일본 등 국가에서 재배하고 있다. 가지에 열매가 있는 모습이 용이 여의주를 물고 있는 형과 닮았다하여 붙여진 이름이다. 지구온난화로 인한 기온상승으로 전남지역 재배에 적합한 대체 열대 및 아열대과수 개발이 필요하다. 용과는 열대과수 중 비교적 낮은 온도($10^{\circ}C$이상) 조건에서 재배 가능하여 남부지역에서 시설내 가온재배하고 있다. 국내 시설재배 중 문제점은 용과는 밤에 꽃을 피기 때문에 밤에 활동하는 매개곤충이 없어서 인공수분으로 수분문제를 해결해야한다. 인공수분의 한계시간과 수분할 경우 과실비대에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 인공수분 시간을 개화 1시간 이내, 4~5시, 11~12시 및 무 처리(방임)로 처리하였다. 개화시기는 1차 7월 13일, 2차 8월 8일, 3차 8월 26일로 3회에 걸쳐 개화가 이루어졌으며 이시기의 화분량는 4~5시가 0.68g, 11~12시 0.47g로 1시간 이내 0.16g보다 많았고 과실비대에서 1과중은 개화11~12시가 421g, 4~5시 400g, 1시간 이내가 377g으로 처리 간에 차이는 없었지만 무처리는 185g으로 처리구와 192~236g의 유의차가 있었다. 용과의 인공수분한계시간은 다음날 아침 7시(개화 11~12시)까지 인공수분 할 경우 정상적인 착과가 이루어졌으며 과실비대를 위해서 인공수분은 필수적으로 실시해야 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.147-147
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• 2003

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.874-888
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• 2022

This study aimed to compare the similarities, physicochemical properties, and muscle fiber characteristics of porcine skeletal muscles. Fourteen types of muscles were collected from nine pig carcasses at 24 h post-mortem and classified by muscle architecture into two main groups, namely parallel and pennate. The muscles were further differentiated into three subtypes per group. These included fan-shaped, fusiform, and strap for the parallel group, and unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate for the pennate group. Parallel-fibered muscles, which were composed of larger I, IIA, IIX, and IIXB fibers and a lower density of IIA fibers, showed higher redness and yellowness values than pennate-fibered muscles (p<0.05). However, the relative fiber area was not significantly different between the parallel and pennate groups (p>0.05). In the subtypes of parallel architecture, the strap group showed lower moisture content and higher redness values than the other subtypes and had considerably higher amounts of oxidative fibers (I and IIA; 72.3%) than the fan-shaped and fusiform groups (p<0.05). In the pennate group, unipennate showed comparatively lower moisture content and higher lightness than other pennate subtypes and was composed of smaller I, IIA, and IIX fibers than the bipennate and multipennate groups (p<0.05). Finally, a different trend of muscle clustering by hierarchical cluster analysis was found between physicochemical properties and muscle fiber characteristics. These results suggest that the physicochemical properties and muscle fiber characteristics of porcine skeletal muscles are not significantly dependent on morphological properties but are rather related to the intrinsic properties of the individual muscles.