• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2016

The intermediate mixing chamber is one of various methods for improving the regression rate and combustion efficiency of the hybrid rocket. The mixing chamber with its non-combustible material makes the propulsion performance increase, but it leads to a low fuel-loading density in the combustion chamber; therefore, this performance-related trade-off between the mixing chamber and the low fuel-loading density was studied. In this study, the trade-off was conducted by comparing the intermediate-mixing-chamber case with a w/o-mixing-chamber case. The small hybrid-sounding rocket is designed with internal ballistics for comparing the rocket length to the weight. In addition, an external ballistic analysis was conducted for comparing the performances of the w/- and w/o-mixing-chamber cases. As a result, the intermediate-mixing-chamber case shows that the length and the weight were decreased to 12 % and 8 %, respectively; furthermore, when compared with the normal cases, the estimated altitude result of the w/-mixing-chamber case was increased to approximately 75 m.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.32-41
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• 1999

In this research, internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer using sonic energy is designed and manufactured. We are trying to intimate high efficiency twin-fluid atomizer to obtain good liquid atomization in the low pressure region. Define of geometric form of atomizer, characteristics of spray is influenced by position, depth and height variation of cavity resonator, variation of sound intensity and resonant sound frequency with liquid flow rate. The liquid atomization is promoted by multi-stage disintegration of mixing flow of gas with liquid and the optimum condition of position and depth of cavity resonator according to sonic energy is obtained from the condition at a=2.5mm and L=2mm. The velocity distribution of droplets shows negative value due to recirculation region at the center of axial, and as the radial direction distance is far, the velocity distribution of droplets decrease slowly after having a maximum value. However velocity and SMD show nearly uniform distribution at the down stream and as result compared to Nukiyama and Tanasawa's equation. atomization of mixing flow with air and liquid dispersing from the outlet of the nozzle is promoted by the effect of collision at the cavity resonator.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2006

We analyzed the non-Newtonian and non-isothermal flow with Carreau-Yasuda viscosity model in co-rotating and counter-rotating twin screw extruder systems. The mixing performances with respect to the screw speed, the screw pitch, and the rotating direction have been investigated. The dynamics of mixing was studied numerically by tracking the motions of particles. The extent of mixing was characterized in terms of the deformation rate, the residence time distribution, and the average strain. The results showed that the high screw speed decreases the residence time but increases the deformation rate. Small screw pitch increases the residence time. It is concluded that the high screw speed increases the dispersive mixing performance, while the small screw pitch increases the distributive mixing performance. Co-rotating screw extruder has the better conveying performance and the distributive mixing performance than counter-rotating screw extruder with the same screw speed and pitch. Co-rotating screw extruder developed faster transport velocity and it is advantageous the flow characteristics to the mixing that transfers polymer melt from one barrel to the other barrel.

• 청정기술
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2017

탈질과 탈황을 동시에 수행하는 과산화수소($H_2O_2$) 수용액 세정탑의 반응효율을 증가시키기 위해 예혼합이 이루어지는 혼합 냉각기(mixing quencher) 영역 내부의 유체유동에 대한 수치해석이 수행되었다. 산업공정에서 상용화되고 있는 세정탑 전단부의 혼합냉각기에서 과산화수소 수용액이 주입되는 노즐의 분사방식은 배기가스와 과산화수소 수용액의 혼합에 중요한 역할을 하며, 혼합냉각기에서의 혼합도는 세정탑 의 효율을 결정하는 중요 요소가 된다. 본 연구에서는 혼합냉각기 내부유체의 농도분포 개선을 목적으로 하여 혼합냉각기 내의 노즐 관의 배열을 조절하거나 노즐 팁 각도를 변경하며 유체혼합을 최적화하였다. 전산해석은 이 냉각기영역의 내부유동 및 각 유체 농도에 대한 RMS (root mean square) 값을 계산하여 내부유체의 혼합도의 개선을 확인하였다. 세부적으로는 노즐 관의 위치를 조절할 때 변경되는 냉각기 영역 후단의 농도 RMS 값을 확인하여 난류형성위치에 따른 최적화된 혼합도를 확인하였으며 기본형상 대비 난류형성방향을 조절하는 목적의 노즐 팁 각도를 증감하여 농도분포의 균질화를 비교하였다. 노즐 관의 배열에 따라 난류형성위치와 그에 따른 유체혼합이 해석되었다. 또한 노즐 팁 각도를 조절하는 경우에는 유동방향과의 각도에 따라, 흐름이 병류와 향류에 따라 혼합도의 최적화를 확인할 수 있었다. 노즐 관의 위치는 0.3 m, 노즐 팁은 병류의 $15^{\circ}$일 때 최적의 조건을 가지며 가장 낮은 RMS 값인 12.4%를 가졌다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2009

In this work a numerical study to find the characteristics of the internal flow and mixing process has been conducted in a static mixer used in the system of catalytic combustor of the fuel cell power plant. After introducing the model description and final governing equations the present numerical approach is applied to the analysis of static mixer, which may have one or more helical elements inside the circular tube by changing such various parameters as incoming mass flow rates and the number of helical elements. The results show that although the static mixer is efficient in mixing fuel and air, more optimization processes are required to achieve the appropriate mixing characteristics in front of the honeycomb type catalytic combustor used in the MCFC power plant

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2015

In this work, mixing processes of hot and cold fluids of three different jet types are predicted by large-eddy simulation (LES) on FLUENT platform. Temperature at different positions of internal wall and mixing conditions of T-junctions at different times are obtained, then the simulated normalized mean and root-mean square (RMS) temperature, temperature contour and velocity vector of every case are compared. The results indicate that, the mixing regions in the tee junction is related to the jet type, and temperature fluctuations on the pipe wall in the type of the deflecting jet is the least.

• 유변학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 1990

혼합공정은 화학공학, 식품공학, 건축공학등 여러 가지 산업분야에 걸쳐 이용되는데 최근 고분자 분야에서도 신소재 개발 또는 제품의 물성을 향상시키기 위하여 이에대한 연구 가 활발해지고 있다. 고분자 가공에서 혼합에 이용되는 대표적인 기계로는 twin screw extruder, internal mixer, two roll mill 등이 있는데 본 연구에서는 internal mixer에서의 고 분자 유동 및 혼합거동을 파악하고자 하였다. 실험적으로는 flow visualization 방법을 써서 순환시간을 측정하였고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 이론적으로 이를 검토하였다. 고분자 거동은 비뉴우톤을 유체로서 설명되기 때문에 본 연구에서는 혼합기의 구조적 특성을 고려한 모델 로서 $\eta$ = $\frac{\eta_o}{1+A[2trd^2]^\frac{1-n}{2}}$

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2006

We analyzed the non-Newtonian and non-isothermal flow in the melt conveying zone in co-rotating and counter-rotating screw extruder system with the commercial code, STAR-CD, and compared the mixing performance with respect to screw speed and rotating direction. The viscosity of fluid was described by power-law model. The dynamics of mixing was studied numerically by tracking the motion of particles in a twin screw extruder system. The extent of mixing was characterized in terms of the residence time distribution and average strain. The results showed that high screw speed decreases the residence time but increases the shear rate. Therefore higher screw speed increases the strain and has better mixing performance. Counter-rotating screw extruder system and co-rotating screw extruder has the similar shear rate with the same screw speed in spite of different rotating direction. However, the counter-rotating screw has good mixing performance, which is resulted from longer residence time than that of co-rotating screw extruder.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2003

Recess is a geometrical configuration shape that the exit surface of an inner injector is located at a certain length inward from that of an outer injector. It is known to have the characteristics that it can augment mixing efficiency and flame stabilization through internal mixing of propellant in it. So, various experiments, such as backlit stroboscopic photography, phase Doppler particle analyzer(PDPA) and mechanical patternator, were performed at several recess lengths to grasp its effect on the spray characteristics of spray angle, breakup length, atomization and' mixing. Recess length was normalized to dimensionless recess number and two principal mechanisms of impingement and swirl recovery were introduced to explain its influence on the spray characteristics. The effect of recess on SMD doesn't appear significantly near the recess number where mixing efficiency attains to the maximum, whereas mass distribution and mixing efficiency are changed considerably. Thus, it can be inferred that a certain optimum recess number exists, where mixing efficiency becomes the maximum.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1050-1056
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• 2014

This study investigated the main factors influencing digester temperature and methods to reduce heat losses during the cold season in the subtropics. Four composite digesters (two insulated and two uninsulated) were buried underground to measure their internal temperature ($^{\circ}C$) at a depth of 140 cm and 180 cm, biogas production and methane ($CH_4$) concentration in biogas from August to February. In parallel the temperature of the air (100 cm above ground), in the slurry mixing tank and in the soil (10, 100, 140, and 180 cm depth) was measured by thermocouple. The influent amount was measured daily and the influent chemical composition was measured monthly during the whole experimental period. Seasonal variations in air temperature significantly affected the temperature in the soil, mixing tank and digester. Consequently, biogas production, which is temperature dependent, was influenced by the season. The main factors determining the internal temperature in the digesters were insulation with Styrofoam, air temperature and temperature of slurry in the mixing tank. Biogas production is low due to the cold climate conditions in winter in Northern Vietnam, but the study proved that storing slurry in the mixing tank until its temperature peak at around 14:00 h will increase the temperature in the digester and thus increase potential biogas production. Algorithms are provided linking digester temperature to the temperature of slurry in the mixing tank.