• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.507-522
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• 2011

In this study, samples of wheat flour and dough were prepared by adding of 1, 3, or 5% branched dextrin, which is produced from the amylopectin of waxy corn starch using a cyclization reaction with a branching enzyme. The samples were then evaluated qualitatively in terms of farinogram, viscogram, and extensogram characteristics. The fermentation power of dough expansion, extensogram characteristics, specific volume, baking loss, external/internal surface appearance, and sensory qualities were also examined after 4 weeks of storage at -20$^{\circ}C$ to determine the effect on freeze-thaw stability and quality improvement of branched dextrins in the soft roll bread formulation. Furthermore, the samples along with a control were compared regarding their quality characteristics, including changes in moisture content, water activity, color, and textural characteristics during a storage period of 4 days at 20$^{\circ}C$ to determine the effect on preventing retrogradation of the branched dextrin. As the branched dextrin content increased, area and extensibility increased, whereas water absorption, fermentation power of dough expansion, resistance/extensibility ratio, baking loss, and brownness of the crust decreased. However, the control group presented significantly higher peak viscosity, resistance, specific volume, taste, overall acceptability, moisture content, water activity, springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience values than those of the branched dextrin samples, whereas lightness, hardness, and chewiness showed the reverse effect. As the storage period increased, lightness, hardness, and chewiness increased, whereas cohesiveness decreased. In conclusion, the results indicate that adding 1~3% branched dextrin into a soft roll bread formulation from frozen dough had no positive effect on freeze-thaw stability or preventing retrogradation but may provide good nutritional properties.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.260-268
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• 2022

The article considers the training, competitiveness of specialists, professional mobility, professionalism and competence of specialists in the context of distance learning. The advantages of distance learning are shown. The characteristic features of distance learning in the preparation of students and in the implementation of these technologies in the educational process of higher educational institutions are determined. Competitiveness, professional mobility, professionalism and competence of a specialist are qualities that determine a person's life and work success. Professional mobility is interpreted as a systemic quality of a specialist's personality, which includes a whole range of knowledge, skills, abilities, personal qualities, value orientations, and so on. The vision of mobility of specialists by foreign scientists is presented. It is noted that the classification of professional mobility presented in the article makes it possible to organize various movements from a single position, to present them as separate manifestations of the general process of professional and pedagogical mobility, to determine which type of mobility ensures the performance of certain social functions. It was found that mobility can be differentiated into differentiated and intergeneration. According to the subject, individual and group mobility are distinguished; according to the direction - internal and external. The classification of employees according to their attitude to mobility is shown, which can be divided into the following groups: actually mobile; potentially mobile; actually stable; potentially stable.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Watermelons (Citrulus vulgaris Schrad) are usually sorted manually by weight, appearance, and acoustic impulse, so grading of maturity and internal quality is subject to inaccuracies. It was necessary to develop a nondestructive evaluation technique of internal watermelon quality to reduce human error. Thus, acoustic characteristics related to internal quality factors were analyzed. Among these factors, three (ripeness, presence of an internal cavity, and blood-colored flesh) were selected for evaluation. The number of peaks and the sum of peak amplitudes for watermelons with blood-colored flesh were lower than for normal fruits. The portable evaluation system has an impact mechanism, a microphone sensor, a signal processing board, an LCD panel, and a battery. A performance test was conducted in the field. The internal quality evaluation model showed 87% prediction accuracy. Validation was conducted on 72 samples. The accuracy of quality evaluation was 83%. The quality of samples was evaluated by an inspector using conventional methods (hitting the watermelon and listening to the sounds), and then compared with prototype results. The quality evaluation accuracy of the prototype was better than that of the inspector. This nondestructive quality evaluation system could be useful in the field, warehouse, and supermarket

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of age of laying hens on egg internal and external qualities. A total of 8,300 eggs were randomly collected from 15 grading & packaging (GP) centers, and 50 eggs per farm during April to May in 2015. Age of laying hens ranged from 18 to 65 weeks of age and they were classified into 5 age groups (18~25, 26~35, 36~45, 46~55, and 56~65 weeks). Egg weight increased, but the Haugh unit decreased as the age of laying hens increased. Yolk color was higher in eggs laid from 25~35 weeks of laying hens compared with that of 18~25-weeks-old chickens. The incidence of dirty eggs was highest (P<0.05) in 18~25 week group and remained constant after 26 weeks. Among eggshell defects, speckled and pimpled eggs increased as the age of laying hens increased. The incidence of calcium deposits and misshapen eggs was highest during 18~25 weeks of age and remained constant after 26 weeks. The percentage of total eggshell cracks increased as the age of laying hens increased. Among eggshell cracks, star- and hair-like cracks were frequently noted. The percentage of meat spot was higher than that of blood spot and their incidence was highest among the 56~65 week group. Age of laying hens significantly increased egg weight, incidence of pimpled or speckled eggs, star- or hair-like cracks, and meat spot. On the other hand, a significant negative interaction between age of laying hens and the Haugh unit was noted. In conclusion, our study revealed that the age of laying hens affected internal and external egg qualities.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.22-43
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Cheonmagudeung-eum (CGE) for essential hypertension by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The period of literature search was until October 30, 2016, and 14 electronic databases were utilized as search engines. The evaluation for the risk of bias (RoB) was conducted by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The meta-analysis was performed by synthesizing outcome data, including total effective rate (TER), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and the incidence of adverse events. Result: There were a total of 64 RCTs using CGE on adult essential hypertension. In the RoB evaluation, most of the items were unclear, and the qualities of studies were rated low. The concurrent treatment of CGE and antihypertensive drug (AHD) showed a significant hypotensive effect since the risk ratio (RR) of TER was 1.17 times (95% CI 1.14, 1.20, p<0.01) higher than that of AHD alone. In addition, the mean difference (MD) appeared low as 8.73 mm/Hg in SBP (95% CI -11.36, -6.09, p<0.01) and 5.81 mm/Hg in DBP (95% CI -7.50, -4.12, p<0.01). Conclusion: Through this study, it was identified that the combined treatment of CGE and AHD on hypertension would be more effective than that of AHD treatment alone. However, due to the low quality of the selected original articles, the significance of this conclusion is somewhat limited, and we hope that this would be complemented through more rigorous RCTs in the future.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2002

The objectives of the study were to analyze the acoustic characteristics related to the internal quality factors of watermelon(Citrulus Vulgaris Schrad). Among the various internal quality factors, only four factors such as ripeness, inside cavity, yellow belt and blood flesh were considered in this study. Relationships between the internal quality factors, the day after fruit set and the day after harvest were also investigated. Test apparatus was the same as the apparatus described in the previous study(Choi et at., 2000). The selected sample was divided into four groups; 69 samples used for ripeness tests 56 samples for ripeness test along the day after fruit set and for yellow belt detection, 60 samples for ripeness along the day after harvest 44 samples fur blood flesh detection. It was shown that the first peak frequencies shifted to the lower range and the energy ratios of the bandwidths between 0∼550 Hz to the bandwidths between 850∼2500 Hz increased as the day after fruit set elapsed. Since the acoustic responses of the watermelon such as frequency and magnitude began to change from 10 days after harvest, the storage period of watermelon in a normal temperature condition seemed to be approximately 10 days after harvest. The ratios of the first peak amplitude to the maximum peak amplitude fur the sound watermelon showed the higher value than that fur watermelon with cavity inside, and the separation between the sound and cavity inside could be accomplished by the ratio value of 0.25. The energy ratios (0∼550 Hz/850∼2,500 Hz) for the watermelon with cavity inside showed the higher value than 2.3. The frequency characteristics of the yellow belt watermelon appeared mostly in the range of 600∼900 Hz frequencies. The yellow belt watermelon showing the energy spectral density function at this frequency range to be over 70 seemed to be not a marketable commodity, The energy ratios(0∼550 Hz/850∼2,500 Hz) for the blood flesh watermelon showed the higher value than 3.5.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.169-181
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• 2011

Objectives: The Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (CROPS) and the Parent Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (PROPS) are screening measures for post-traumatic symptoms in children. The present study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean versions of the CROPS and the PROPS. Methods: The Korean versions of the CROPS and the PROPS were administered to a sample of 304 children aged 6 to 15 years old. The internal reliability, test-retest reliability, factorial validity, predictive validity and concurrent validity were evaluated. Results: The reliability of the CROPS and the PROPS was shown to have excellent internal consistency and test-retest correlation. The single factor structure of the PROPS was good and that of the CROPS was borderline acceptable according to confirmatory factor analysis. Other validity measures such as the predictive validity and concurrent validity were also shown to be satisfactory. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the Korean versions of the CROPS and the PROPS were reliable measures with satisfactory psychometric qualities. Because it takes less than 5 minutes to fill out the CROPS and the PROPS, respectively they can be quick and easy screening scales for assessing post-traumatic symptoms in Korean children.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.16-28
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of Yukgunja-tang(YGJT, Rikkunshito, Liujunzi) on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease(GERD). Methods: Sixteen electronic databases were used to search for studies published through March 2019, and a randomized controlled study was conducted to study the effects of YGJT or modified YGJT on GERD. Study quality was assessed using the risk bias tool provided by Cochran, and data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.0 software Results: Two-hundred and forty articles were initially searched, and 13 studies that satisfied the study criteria were evaluated qualitatively; 11 of the 13 were included in the meta-analysis. In the two studies, the effects of YGJT and a placebo were compared. Meta-analysis showed that YGJT significantly improved FSSG (Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD) scores, but not GSRS (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale) scores (FSSG: MD -2.40, 95% CI [-5.31, 0.51], p=0.11, GSRS: MD 0.05, 95% CI [-0.12, 0.22], p=0.55). Meta-analysis of nine studies comparing the efficacies of YGJT and conventional medicine showed that YGJT had a significant clinical effect (OR 5.72; 95% CI [3.41, 9.61]; I2 p<0.00001). Conclusion: This study suggests that YGJT effectively relieves the symptoms of GERD. Unfortunately, owing to the small sample sizes, limitations of several methodological qualities, we believe large-scale clinical studies with less bias will provide evidence of qualitative improvement.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2004

Red peppers(Capsicum annuum L.), 'Geumtap' and 'Bugang', were cultivated at main producing areas in Korea, and harvested 4 times in 1998 and 1999. The relationships between internal qualities such as reducing sugar, capsaicinoids, and vitamin C contents, and regional climatic elements such as total accumulated air temperature, total amount of precipitation and sunshine duration during the fruit growing periods were compared. The amount of reducing sugar increased as the harvest time was late. Capsaicinoids content varied by harvest dates and cultivated years. Vitamin C content was influenced by cultivated year more than cultivars. Reducing sugar content showed a negative relationship with total amount of precipitation but showed a positive relationship with sunshine duration. There were negative relationship between the contents of capsaicinoids and vitamin C and total amount of precipitation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.41-45
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• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of paper property changes by internal addition of surface strength agent on printability. Advances in printing technique has required the development of paper qualities in many aspects. Basically paper structure is composed of hydrogen bonds which induce many problems in high speed printing machine because of weak bonding strength. One of the important printing problems is surface picking when mechanical pulp or recycled pulp are used. It was caused by the ink-stained blanket in printing process because accumulations of pollutant in white water and other elements which are bonded weakly or do not have hydrogen bonds. Debris at paper surface adheres to blanket which deteriorates printing efficiency and causes various problems. To complement these problems, Pennocel 5137 of polysaccharide structure was used as an agent to improve paper's surface property, strength and printability. Paper surface picking was analyzed by RI-1 test. As the dosage amount increased tensile strength, fiber bonding strength and ZDT strength were improved. Further more formation, smoothness and surface picking resistance were improved. It was confirmed that when adding polysaccharide structure polymers to improve surface strength such as surface picking resistance, it was also possible to improve tensile strength, fiber bonding strength, formation and smoothness.