• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.515-520
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose a new fault tolerant architecture for high availability systems, where for module internal operations both processor modules perform the same tasks at the same time independently of each other while for module external operations both processor modules act actively. That is, operations of synchronization between dual processor modules except clock synchronization are requested only when module external operations are executed. The architecture can not only improve system availability by reducing system reintegration time but also reduce performance degradation problem due to frequent synchronization between dual processor modules. The clock unit consists of a clock generator and a clock synchronization circuit. This supplies a stable clock signal under clock unit disorder of any processor module or rapid clock signal variation. And this architecture achieves system availability and data credibility by designing as symmetrical form.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2009

In a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS), Very Fast Transients (VFTs) are generated mainly due to switching operations. These transients may cause internal faults, i.e., layer-to-layer faults in a capacitively graded bushing as it is one of the most important terminal equipment for GIS. The healthiness of the bushing is generally verified by measuring its leakage current. However, the change in current magnitude/pattern is only marginal for different types of fault conditions. Leakage current monitoring (LCM) systems generate large amounts of data and computer aided interpretation of defects may be of great assistance when analyzing this data. In view of the above, ANN techniques have been used in this study for identification of these minor faults. A single layer perceptron network, a two layer feed-forward back propagation network and cascade correlation (CC) network models are used to identify interlayer faults in the bushing. The effectiveness of the CC network over perceptron and back propagation networks in identification of a fault has been analysed as part of the paper.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.498-508
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• 2021

Micro reactors are increasingly being considered for utilization as distributed power sources. Hence, the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of a direct supercritical-CO₂-cooled fast reactor, called micro modular reactor (MMR), was performed in this study; this reactor was developed using innovative design concepts. It adopted a modular design and passive safety systems to minimize site constraints. As the MMR is in its conceptual design phase, design weaknesses and valuable safety insights could be identified during PSA. Level 1 internal event PSA was carried out involving literature survey, system characterization, identification of initiating events, transient analyses, development of event trees and fault trees, and quantification. The initiating events and scenarios significantly contributing to core damage frequency (CDF) were determined to identify design weaknesses in MMR. The most significant initiating event category contributing to CDF was the transients with the power conversion system initially available category, owing to its relatively high occurrence frequency. Further, an importance analysis revealed that the safety of MMR can be significantly improved by improving the reliability of reactor trip and passive decay heat removal system operation. The findings presented in this paper are expected to contribute toward future applications of PSA for assessing unconventional nuclear reactors in their conceptual design phases.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.164-184
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was designed to establish a characteristic discrimination of internal and external morphological standard of original plants and herbal states in Pogostemonis and Agastachis Herba. Methods : In this studies, the external-internal morphological standards were determined by using stereoscope and butanol series. Results : 1. The external characteristics: Pogostemon cablin has hairs and brown-like in stem, elliptical fruit. On the other hand, Agastache rugosa has no hairs and red-like in stem, obovatic trigone fruit. 2. The physical characteristics: Pogostemon cablin is gray in whole, has hairs in stem and numerous hairs of ash in leaf. On the other hand, Agastache rugosa is yellow-green in whole, has no hairs in stem. Specially the latter has deep-green colour and numerous hairs presenting mostly at lower epidermis in leaf. 3. The physical characteristics in currents: Pogostemon cablin is brown, has hairs and round-like stem. On the other hand, Agastache rugosa is green or yellow-green, has no hairs and tetragon in stem. 4. The internal characteristics: Pogostemon cablin has progressed spongy tissue in epidermal cell of leaf and many rank of epidermal cell in stem. On other hand, Agastache rugosa has I rank palisade tissue in leaf and few rank of epidermal cell in stem. In the external shape, it was possible that herbs were distinguished according to artificial cIassification and that same genus-degree of relatedness among herbs could be distinguished by more precise and active observation. In the shape of real herbs, I compared current herbs in market with original herbs which were just collected or were on the course of drying. In addition, it was possible that the internal shape could be identified by using microscope after butanol series. Conclusion : Though it was impossible to make distinction of herbs which are not current in my search contents, this search contents will be a standard for applying herbs in the future. An Additional standard establishment including physiochemical reaction and gene research is required in order to supplement the fault of this search.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 경상분지 퇴적암지대 특히 양산단층대(일광동래단층대) 구간 퇴적암 비탈면에서 도로 시공 시 불연속면(층리)에서 발생된 파괴사례를 분석하였다. 이 지역의 경우 다른 지역에 비해 시공 중 비탈면파괴 사례가 유독 많이 발생된 지역이다. 노출된 파괴 비탈면에 대한 Face Mapping 작성 후 한계평형법에 의한 역해석을 통해 불연속면(층리)의 전단강도 파라미터를 산정하였다. 분석 결과 이 지역 불연속면(층리면) 비탈면 경우 기존 설계 전단강도 파라미터 값 및 문헌제시 값과 비교했을 때 상당히 작게 산정되는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 층리면에 존재하는 잔존물과 지하수의 유출 등에 의한 영향으로 볼 수 있는데, 특히 점토와 같은 풍화잔존물이 불연속면의 전단강도에 감소에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 마찰각은 층리면각과 서로 비례하는 경향을 보여 두 변수사이에 관계식을 제시하였다. 이 식을 이용하여 노출된 층리면각을 알면 쉽게 전단강도 마찰각을 손쉽게 산정할 수 있다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2006

물놀이 입욕시설 내에서 입욕자는 물의 영향으로 인하여 인체의 피부저항이 다른 어느 장소보다도 현저히 낮은 상태에 있게 된다. 따라서 조명기구 등에 누전이 발생할 경우 미약한 전압에서도 치명적인 감전재해의 우려가 있다. 본 연구는 물놀이 입욕시설 내에서의 조명기구에 의한 감전사고를 방지하기 위하여 국내 외 관련규정을 비교 분석하였으며 또한, 국내 시설실태를 파악하였다. 그 결과 국내의 규정은 외국기준에 비해 적용범위가 불명확하고 환경조건의 구별이 불투명하고 사용전압이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 국내의 규정도 조명시설의 설치높이를 상향조정하고 조명기기의 외함에는 방수등급의 표기, 선간전압으로의 사용전압을 제한하는 등의 개정이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.253-266
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• 2000

In order to strengthen objectivity and availability of oriental herb medicine, the standard formula for herbs has been attempted to set up by experimenting and documentary testing original herbs which were recorded in authorized document. The object herb medicine is Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix. The internal and external morphological standard in this study is expected to supply the search for several physiochemical reaction, biological reaction, determination of indicator material and identification of gene with basic sources in the future. The result of study is as follows; In the external shape, it was possible that herbs were distinguished according to artificial classification and that same genus-degree of relatedness among herbs could be distinguished by more precise and active observation. In the shape of real herbs, I compared current herbs in market with original herbs which were just collected or were on the course of drying. In addition, it was possible that the internal shape could be identified by using microscope after butanol series. In powder herbs, it was possible to purify the shape by microscope through maceration of natural and powder herbs. Though it was impossible to make distinction of herbs which are not current in my search contents, this search contents will be a standard for alpplying herbs in the future. Despite such a useful character, it was difficult to deal with power herbs because it was uncertain to make a standard for them on account of the crush of these tissue. Since powders shape of herbs in a few documents were regard not as the powder shapes of natural herbs but as the maceration state of them. It is suggested that we should inspect the original herbs which are not crushed yet with a microscope in order to identify crushed shape of powder herbs from now on. An Additional standard establishment including physiochemical reaction and gene research is required in order to supplement the fault of this search. As for the supplement about this search, considering that many kinds of same genus-degree of relatedness are being current now, it is necessary that each herb should he collected only after identifying and that the succeeding search of each herb should be proceeded for the regular establishment of internal and external standard.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2004

Percentage differential characteristic relaying(PDR) has been recognized as the principal basis for power transformer protection. Second harmonic restraint PDR has been widely used for magnetizing inrush in practice. Nowadays, relaying signals can contain 2nd harmonic component to a large extent even in a normal state, and 2nd harmonic ratio indicates a tendency of relative reduction because of the advancement of material. Further, as the power system voltage becomes higher and more underground cables are used, larger 2nd harmonic component in the differential current under internal fault is observed. And then, conventional 2nd harmonic restraint PDR exposes some doubt in reliability. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a new algorithm for performance improvement of conventional protective relaying. This paper proposes an advanced protective relaying algorithm by using voltage-current trend and flux-differential current slope characteristic. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we have made comparative studies of PDR, fuzzy relaying and DWT relaying. The paper is constructed power system model including power transformer, utilizing the WatATP, and data collection is made through simulation of various internal faults and inrush. As the results of test, the new proposed algorithm was proven to be faster and more reliable.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.996-997
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• 2010

본 논문은 전해 살균장치에 대한 설계와 설계된 전해 살균장치를 기반으로 살균장치 내부 상태를 모니터링 하여 전해 살균장치 내부의 고장 진단 및 기타 이상 동작을 감지할 수 있도록 지능형 전해 살균장치의 설계 방법을 제시하고, 모니터링 된 살균장치의 내부 상태를 TCP/IP 기반의 이더넷 통신을 이용하여 원격에서 종합 관리 할 수 있는 시스템을 제시하고 그 효용성을 제시하고 자 한다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.178-187
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• 2007

One important issue in power systems is dynamic instability due to loosing balance relation between electrical generation and a varying load demand that justifies the necessity of stabilization. Moreover, Power System Stabilizer (PSS) must have capability of producing appropriate stabilizing signals over a wide range of operating conditions and disturbances. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper proposes a new method for robust design of PSS by using an auto-tuning fuzzy control in combination with Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA). This method includes two fuzzy controllers; internal fuzzy controller and supervisor fuzzy controller. The supervisor controller tunes the internal one by on-line applying of nonlinear scaling factors to inputs and outputs. The RCGA-based method is used for off-line training of this supervisor controller. The proposed PSS is tested in three operational conditions; nominal load, heavy load, and in the case of fault occurrence in transmission line. The simulation results are provided to compare the proposed PSS with conventional fuzzy PSS and conventional PSS. By evaluating the simulation results, it is shown that the performance and robustness of proposed PSS in different operating conditions is more acceptable