• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.627-633
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• 1998

Impurity profiling analysis of methamphetamine seized in Korea was investigated for the evidential and intelligent purpose. Samples were extracted with ethylacetate which contai ns internal standard of dioctylsebacate under basic condition and extracts were analyzed by GC-FID. Ephedrine, chloroephedrine & 1,2-dimethyl-3-phenylaziridine were identified impurities in illicit methamphetamine by GC-MS. These impurities revealed that most of abused methamphetamine in Korea were synthesized from ephedrine as a starting material. For the classification of samples. firstly, 24 impurity peaks were selected after inspection of every peak in 50 samples as the specific markers of impurities. Secondly, corresponding peak retention time and area ratio to the internal standard were calculated and database was created with values of 24 peaks by in-house program. Finally, cluster analysis was attempted with the resultant profiles using the STAR plot, which was based on the Euclidian distance for evaluating similarity among samples. A total of 76 samples were divided into 8 different groups within 90% statistical similarity and inter-batch samples showed similar impurity patterns by this procedure. In conclusion, the analysis of impurities is a suitable index for estimation the common or different origin of methamphetamine sample.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2015

The APT attacks are hackers created a variety of security threats will continue to attack applied to the network of a particular company or organization. It referred to as intelligent sustained attack. After securing your PC after a particular organization's internal staff access to internal server or database through the PC or remove and destroy the confidential information. The APT attack is so large, there are two zero-day attacks and rootkits. APT is a process of penetration attack, search, acquisition, and is divided into outlet Step 4. It was defined in two ways how you can respond to APT through the process. Technical descriptions were divided into ways to delay the attacker's malicious code attacks time and plan for attacks to be detected and removed through.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Sodium-iodine symporter (NIS) is a marker for the degree of differentiation in thyroid cancer. The genetic factors or microenvironment surrounding tumors can affect transcription of NIS. In this study, we investigated the NIS mRNA expression according to mutational status and coexistent lymphocytic thyroiditis in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Materials and Methods: The RNA expression levels of NIS in the samples from database of The Caner Genome Atlas (TCGA; n=494) and our institute (n=125) were analyzed. Results: The PTCs with the $BRAF^{V600E}$ mutation and the coexistence of $BRAF^{V600E}$ and TERT promoter mutations showed significantly lower expression of NIS (p<0.001, respectively), and those with BRAF-like molecular subtype also had reduced expression of NIS (p<0.001). NIS expression showed a positive correlation with thyroid differentiation score (r=0.593, p<0.001) and negative correlations with expressions of genes involved in ERK signaling (r=-0.164, p<0.001) and GLUT-1 gene (r=-0.204, p<0.001). The PTCs with lymphocytic thyroiditis showed significantly higher NIS expression (p=0.013), regardless of mutational status. Conclusion: The NIS expression was reduced by the $BRAF^{V600E}$ mutation and MAPK/ERK pathway activation, but restored by the presence of lymphocytic thyroiditis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.308-322
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigates the latest clinical studies on Korean medicine treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) in China. Methods: A CNKI search investigated the last 10 years of clinical studies of Korean medicine treatments in Chinese medical journals for CSDH. The search focused on authors, publication years, types of studies, purposes of studies, methods and duration of treatment, evaluation criteria, and results of treatment. Results: In 19 studies, there were 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 4 case series, and 1 case-control study. In all 19 studies, Korean medical treatment and Western treatment were combined. Herbal medicine was used in 19 studies and acupuncture treatment in 2 studies. The most frequently used prescription was Hyeolbuchukeo-tang-gagambang, and the most frequently used acupoint was PC6. In all 19 studies, the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment performed in parallel with Western treatment was confirmed. Conclusions: In this study, Korean medicine combined with Western treatment for CSDH was effective. More clinical studies and case reports are required to develop a guided treatment for CSDH.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.933-946
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review of the Korean literature on the influence of herbal medicine on liver function. Additionally, we tried to estimate the change in the data on liver function tests (LFTs) and the incidence of liver injury (LI) after taking herbal medicine. Methods: Systematic literature searches were performed on 6 major Korean databases (Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korea Institute of Science and Technology information (KISTI), National Assembly Electronic Library, Korean Medical database (KMBASE), Korean Traditional Portal, and Dongui University Electronic Library) from January 2010 to June 2020. No restrictions were placed on the types of publications, which included grey literature. Results: The data indicate that herbal medicine might be a minor cause of LI in Korea. However the results are not supported strongly enough to verify the safety issues because of the limitations of the original studies. Conclusions: Additional well-planned studies are still needed that can overcome the heterogeneity and the considerable methodological flaws in the analyzed studies.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of manual therapy on constipation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods We searched electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CAJ, KISS, KISTI, KMBASE, NDSL, OASIS, and RISS) for randomized controlled trials for manual therapy on constipation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Results Three randomized controlled trials were selected from the online database. One study demonstrated that manual therapy had positive results compared to routine nursing care with western medication. However, two studies demonstrated that manual therapy had no positive results compared to routine nursing care with western medication or western medication when used alone. Conclusions Our systematic review did not verify the clinical effect of manual therapy on constipation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Thus, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of manual therapy for constipation in patients with Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.65-75
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• 2022

Objectives This study was conducted to analyze the therapeutic effect of Chuna therapy for lateral epicondylitis. Methods Key words such as lateral epicondylitis and Chuna were searched in 10 databases (National Digital Science Library [NDSL], Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], Research Information Sharing Service [RISS], Koreanstudies Information Service [KISS], KMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, J-STAGE, China Academic Jurnals [CAJ]), and only suitable randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected. Results 8 RCTs were finally selected, and Chuna therapy showed positive results for lateral epicondylitis compared to western medicine, acupuncture, warm-acupuncture and Chinese medicine iontophoresis. Conclusions In this study, we finally reviewed 8 studies about Chuna therpay used for lateral epicondylitis. The studies showed that Chuna therapy is effective in treating lateral epicondylitis. However, because all of selected studies were found in Chinese database, more high-quality clinical trials about Chuna therapy for lateral epicondylitis are needed in Korea.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.553-558
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• 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is dangerous cancer that often evades early detection because it is asymptomatic and an effective detection method is lacking. For people with chronic liver inflammation who are at high risk of developing HCC, a sensitive detection method for HCC is needed. In a meta-analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer methylation database, we identified a CpG island in the USP44 promoter that is methylated specifically in HCC. We developed methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) analysis to measure the methylation levels of the USP promoter in cell-free DNA isolated from patients. Our MS-HRM assay correctly identified 40% of patients with early-stage HCC, whereas the α-fetoprotein test, which is currently used to detect HCC, correctly identified only 25% of early-stage HCC patients. These results demonstrate that USP44 MS-HRM analysis is suitable for HCC surveillance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.177-187
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• 2023

Varicose veins have a substantial burden on individuals' aesthetics and overall quality of life. The current body of research on Korean medical interventions for varicose veins is limited in Korea, and exploration into clinical trends is lacking. This review specifically analyzed fire acupuncture, which is an understudied intervention in Korea that demonstrated efficacy in alleviating pain and paralysis while promoting tissue regeneration. A comprehensive investigation of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database was conducted, utilizing terms such as "varicose vein," "fire needle," "fire acupuncture," "burning acupuncture," "burning needle," "huǒzhēn," "xiàzhī jìngmài," and "jìngmài qūzhāng." This review included 14 studies investigating the role of fire acupuncture in treating varicose veins. We extracted variables, including age, sex, disease duration, intervention method, treatment frequency, treatment period, acupoints, and outcomes. Fire acupuncture appeared as the primary intervention method, followed by general acupuncture. The protruding part of varicose veins is the main treatment area for fire acupuncture, while the acupoints BL57 and ST36 were most frequently utilized for general acupuncture. Treatment results revealed significant improvement in all studies. However, there are limitations, such as scarce studies, limited side effects studies, and potential bias. Consequently, extensive and well-structured future studies are necessary to demonstrate the role of fire acupuncture in varicose veins.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.342-349
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Nonagenarians will purportedly account for 10% of the United States population by 2050. However, no studies have assessed the outcomes of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) in this age group. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample database between 2016 and 2020 was used to compare the clinical outcomes of NVUGIB in nonagenarians and octogenarians and evaluate predictors of mortality and the use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Results: Nonagenarians had higher in-hospital mortality than that of octogenarians (4% vs. 3%, p<0.001). EGD utilization (30% vs. 48%, p<0.001) and blood transfusion (27% vs. 40%, p<0.001) was significantly lower in nonagenarians. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that nonagenarians with NVUGIB had higher odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-1.7) and lower odds of EGD utilization (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.89) than those of octogenarians. Conclusions: Nonagenarians admitted with NVUGIB have a higher mortality risk than that of octogenarians. EGD is used significantly in managing NVUGIB among nonagenarians; however, its utilization is comparatively lower than in octogenarians. More studies are needed to assess predictors of poor outcomes and the indications of EGD in this growing population.