• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.299-308
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• 2012

Objective: This study presents the conceptual framework and the conceptual model to account for user experience by expanding the existing concepts of usability, in particular considering the user-interface environment in digital convergence. Background: To better understand a variety of users interacting with a converged product based on digital technologies, there seems to be a limit to consider the existing concepts of usability. All possible aspects of user's interaction with a product in a context of use need to be taken into consideration. Method: This study identifies the concept of user experience through a comprehensive literature review. Results: First, this study reviews the existing concepts of usability and user experience. And then this study describes four main components in the conceptual framework of user experience: user's internal states, user's external states, a product, and various outcomes, each of which encompasses distinct sub-components. The conceptual model of user experience accounts for how user's internal states change over time and for how different sub-components affect actual behavior of use. Conclusion: It is expected that these user experience concepts can be used in basic resources to better understand different behavioral characteristics of users and to better design interactive products in converged digital environments.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.565-570
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• 2008

Recently, the intelligent service robot is applied for the purpose of guiding the building or providing information to the visitors of the public institution. The intelligent robot which is on development has a sensor to recognize its location at the bottom of it. Four wheels which are arranged in the form of a lozenge support the weight of the components and structures of the robot. The operating environment of this robot is restricted at the uneven place because the driving part and internal structure is designed in one united body. The impact from the ground is transferred to the internal equipments and structures of the robot. This continuous impact can cause the unusual state of the precise components and weaken the connection between each structural part. In this paper, a suspension system which can be applied to the intelligent robot is designed. The dynamic model of the robot is created, and the driving characteristics of the actual robot and the robot with suspension are compared. The road condition which the robot can operate is expanded by the application of the suspension system. Additionally, the suspension system is optimized to reduce the impact to the robot components.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.4266-4273
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• 2023

In a severe reactor accident, a crust will form on the surface of the molten material during the core melting process. The crust will have a contact melting with the internal components of the reactor. In this paper, the contact melting process of the molten material on the austenitic stainless steel plate bundles is studied. The contact melting model of parabolic molten material on the plate bundles is proposed, and the rule and main effect factors of the contact melting are analyzed. The results show that the melting velocity is proportional to the slope of the paraboloid, the heat flux and the distance between two plates D. The influence of melt gravity and the plate width on melting velocity is negligible. The thickness of the molten liquid film is proportional to the heat flux and plate width, and it is inversely proportional to the gravity. With the increase of D, the liquid film thickness decreases at first and then increases gradually. The liquid film thickness has a minimum against D. When the width of the plate is small, the width of the plate is the main factor affecting the thickness of the liquid film. The parameters are coupled with each other. In a severe reactor accident, the wider internal components of reactor, which can increase the thickness of the melting liquid film and reduce the net input heat flux from the molten material to the components, are the effective measures to delay the melting process.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2009

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the stability of a decoction using three herbal plants and their major components according to the storage conditions and periods. Materials and Methods: A three-herb mixture (1:1:1) of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Artemisia capillaris Thunberg, and Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesqui was decocted and kept at room temperature ($25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) or cold temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) for 0, 2, 4 or 8 weeks in liquid form in a plastic pack under dark conditions. At time points given, they were lyophilized. 200 mg of powdered samples were dissolved in 1 mL of 90% methanol and then applied to a high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) with glycyrrhizin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin or poncirin for quantitative or qualitative analysis. Results: There were no gross changes in HPTLC-based compositional band-patterns of the three herbal mixture according to the storage conditions and period. The major components of each herb, glycyrrhizin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin and poncirin, showed slight time-dependent reduction in their contents both at room and cold temperature for 8 weeks. Conclusion: We could conclude that the current herbal decoction is generally safe for the stability at both RT or CT for at least 8 weeks. Nevertheless, we proposed that further advanced studies are required for more multiple herbal mixtures and longer storage periods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.17-32
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• 2013

This study examined the visual elements of the Trompe l'oeil design and the combination conditions of each element in order to deduce the form generation diagrams of Trompe l'oeil fashion design. The following is what the study found: First, Trompe l'oeil fashion design can be divided into two based on its subject: 'the combination of internal elements of dress' and 'the combination of external elements of dress'. Looking at the visual components of each type, depending on the subject, 'the combination of internal elements of dress' design was achieved by combining internal dress elements: including textile, detail, item, accessory, layering, etc.. In case of 'the combination of external elements of dress' design, the object of Trompe l'oeil was expanded in scope to environment, which includes the actions of a wearer. Second, as for Trompe l'oeil fashion design through the combination of external dress elements, the condition to combined visual components of the work in the process of creation was related to 'the popularity of object', 'the similarity of shapes and sizes', and 'the probability of location'. Third, deriving a form generation diagrams of Trompe l'oeil fashion design was very effective in delineating specific relationships and conditions, directions among elements combined in fashion design.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2004

In order to investigate the small female occupant behavior and accompanying injury mechanisms in vehicular trash event, a finite element model of $5^{th}$ percentile female has been developed. The model consists of articulated rigid body, which represents the morphology of small female body, and internal components with anatomical details. Articulated rigid body model serves as a basic platform for joining the detail internal skeletons and organs, while itself can be used for representing the overall kinematics of small female occupant. The modeling details such as anthropometry and finite element structure as well as validation results for the articulated rigid body model are introduced in this paper. The second part of the modeling, i.e. the internal components with anatomical details of small female are presented in subsequent part II of the paper.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-92
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• 2011

This paper presents an emergent pattern recognition approach based on the immune network theory and hierarchical clustering algorithms. The immune network allows its components to change and learn patterns by changing the strength of connections between individual components. The presented immune-network-based approach achieves emergent pattern recognition by dynamically generating an internal image for the input data patterns. The members (feature vectors for each data pattern) of the internal image are produced by an immune network model to form a network of antibody memory cells. To classify antibody memory cells to different data patterns, hierarchical clustering algorithms are used to create an antibody memory cell clustering. In addition, evaluation graphs and L method are used to determine the best number of clusters for the antibody memory cell clustering. The presented immune-network-based emergent pattern recognition (INEPR) algorithm can automatically generate an internal image mapping to the input data patterns without the need of specifying the number of patterns in advance. The INEPR algorithm has been tested using a benchmark civil structure. The test results show that the INEPR algorithm is able to recognize new structural damage patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 1997

As a study on a traditional garden with historical value, the objective of this study is to comprehensively understand the internal meanings of the garden in a designer's personal perspective. Tasanchodangwon was designed Chung Yakyong who is a scholar of Practical Learning in late Chosun Dynasty. Considering the features of him and basic approach of this study, the internal eanings of the Tasanchodangwon was approached with the focus on the view of nature of him, and through general review of physical components of the garden. Additionally the meanings of the garden were also reviewed in his personal situation. The result of the study may be summarized as followings. First, according to the view of nature of Chung Yakyong, his intention to enrich life practically by building separate structures for education for his residence, creating lake by having water supply, and creating vegetable garden relates with the view of nature in Primary confucianistic perspective. In addition, the place served as a ground to support Chung Yakyong's attitude to become a man of virtue, Second, his preference to enjoyu tea culture allowed an opportunity for him to accept circumstance positively and discover the self. Components related to farming reflects his Practical Learning. The man-made rock mountain in the pond is a specific technique for Yi-Jing. And third, literatures authored by Chung Yakyong show that internal meaning of Tasanchodangwon is to pursue an utopia. This is closely related to solving his conflicts felt in reality. In short, Tasanchodangwon is a form reflecting the spiritual world of Chung Yakyong, and through interaction with his life, served as a ground to culture his mind.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.499-509
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• 2000

When the developers develop the software, the cost and time of the software development can be reduced by using blocks that are implemented previously. We call these implemented blocks components. They provide only the interfaces of component to developers, while the detailed infernal information is being hidden. The components can be used to develop large applications fast and easily. Developers use the black-boxed components that the internal details of components are invisible. But, Developers want the properties and workflows of components to be modified. To do this, the customization technique is needed. The existing customization techniques are limited in the customization of component properties. In this paper, it proposes the technique that can change the workflow of component as well as properties In the business point of view. In the existing workflow customization technique, which is called white box component, the internal details of component should be understood by developers and should be modified in code level. In this paper, we propose a customization technique which using the component interface in black box form only. This customization technique can be used more generally in a business field.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.76-93
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define the core components required of nurses to provide quality nursing care to patients and analyze the significance of these components in the hospital's various units to maintain a high level of competence among nurses. Method: The study evaluated 3 categories included 35 subcategories with 148 core components that were derived from literature review and interviews of nursing professionals. The nursing professional category included 18 subcategories with 98 components, the organizational culture category included 4 subcategories with 16 components, and the temperament-attitude category included 13 subcategories with 34 components. The study included 335 nurses with more than one year of hospital experience and measured disparities among different hospital units. The data was analyzed with SPSS-Win 10.0, differing perceptions of the importance of general traits among the participants were measured using standard deviation, and differing perceptions of the importance of professional traits among the participants were assessed using ANOVA and subsequently with the Bonferroni Test. The reliability of the aforementioned research tools were evaluated using the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Result: The results of the study were as follows: 1. Among the three categories, temperament-attitude category was perceived to be the most important, followed by nursing professional category and organizational culture category. Among the ten most important subcategories within the three categories, safety and infection prevention as well as responsibility were perceived to be the most important, followed by promotion of physiologic adaptation, document management and presentation, self-control, ethics, observance law, coping with emergency, humanity, and medication. 2. The relative importance of category associated with the core competencies within the hospital unit were as follows : 1) The units that rated nursing professional category as being the most significant were: internal medicine, surgical unit, mother-child unit, emergency room, intensive care unit, and operating room, in that order. 2) The units that rated the organizational culture competencies as being the most significant were: mother-child unit, internal medicine, surgical unit, emergency room, operating room, and intensive care unit, in that order. 3) The units that rated temperament-attitude category as being the most significant were: internal medicine, surgical unit, emergency room, mother-child unit, operating room, and intensive care unit, in that order.