• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 1981

True aneurysm of the carotid artery is relatively rare in comparison with the total number of aneurysms of the arterial system. The threat of rupture and embolization from mural thrombi are indications for treatment even though no symptoms may be present. Resection of the aneurysm and restoration of arterial continuity is the treatment of choice. A case of aneurysm of the Lt. common carotid artery of a 21 year-old male patient is presented. The confirmatory diagnosis was made by left carotid angiogram, and the aneurysmectomy & reconstruction with woven dacron vascular prosthesis was done, while cerebral circulation was maintained by internal shunt.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2018

Variations in the vascular anatomy of the carotid triangle have been reported in current scientific literature. The carotid arteries, being the major feeding arteries of the head and neck deserve special importance and protection from iatrogenic injury during radiological evaluations and surgical interventions. The present study was carried out over a period of 4 years from 2012-2016 to assess the variant anatomy of external carotid artery. The external carotid artery and its branches were dissected bilaterally in 40 formalin embalmed cadavers. The external carotid artery was traced from its origin to termination and variations in the branching pattern as well as the level of the carotid bifurcation were observed and analysed. A higher carotid bifurcation was observed in 25% cases. The linguofacial trunk was the commonest variation noted in the branching pattern seen in 20% cases. A single case of unilateral thyrolinguofacial trunk was also observed. The external carotid artery gave rise to accessory branches in 7.5% cases namely the superior laryngeal, accessory ascending pharyngeal and masseteric branches. A slender branch to the internal jugular vein was also observed in one case. These findings may provide further insight into the understanding of the vascular anatomy of the carotid triangle to the curious student, the discerning radiologist and the vigilant surgeon to avert complications and help improve overall treatment outcome.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.48-50
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• 2014

A 70-year-old woman presented with headaches and recurrent stroke symptoms. During five years, the patient has been treated for cerebral infarction associated with severe atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Three-year follow-up magnetic resonance angiography showed a tiny de novo aneurysm arising from the distal part of atherosclerotic internal carotid artery. And 5-year follow-up three-dimensional CT angiogram demonstrated a definite aneurysm enlargement as large as requiring treatment. During dissection of aneurysm, the oculomotor nerve was found to be penetrated with the growing de novo aneurysm. The authors report a case of a de novo aneurysm, which resulted from atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery at the supraclinoid portion, that was found to be penetrating the oculomotor nerve with no ocular palsy.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.291-302
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• 2023

Purpose: Early detection of carotid stenosis can reduce cardiovascular risk. In this study, the maximum-carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), the mean-CIMT, and the presence of plaque were examined in healthy young Thai adults. Additionally, correlations between CIMT and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Materials and Methods: Left and right carotid arteries of 302 participants(15-45 years old) were scanned, with CIMT measured at the far walls of the common carotid artery, carotid bulb, and internal carotid artery. Demographics and risk factors were assessed using a questionnaire. Ten random participants were re-scanned after 4 weeks. Results: The study included 123 (40.70%) male and 179 (59.30%) female participants. The max-CIMT, mean-CIMT, and plaque thickness were 0.400±0.100, 0.403±0.095 and 1.520±0.814 mm, respectively. Male participants had significantly higher CIMT values for nearly all locations and age groups. The right-sided CIMT values were higher for all locations. The carotid bulb had the greatest CIMT values(0.437±0.178 mm), followed by the common (0.403±0.095 mm) and internal(0.361±0.099 mm) carotid arteries. Plaque was present in 18 locations (1.00%), affecting 15 participants (4.97%). These plaques were found in the right carotid bulb (n=9; 0.50%), left carotid bulb (n=7; 0.39%), and right internal carotid artery (n=2; 0.11%). Adjusted multivariable regression revealed significant positive associations between CIMT and male, increased age and "other" occupation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both max-CIMT and mean-CIMT were approximately 0.4 mm. Plaque was observed in 4.97% of patients, with an average thickness of 1.5 mm. The most influential risk factors for increased CIMT were sex, age, and occupation.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was aimed to clarify the relationship between the dampness-phlegm diagnosis and internal carotid artery stenosis by measuring carotid artery sonography in cerebral infarction patients. Methods : One hundred eighty subjects were recruited from the patients admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine at Kyunghee university oriental medical center from September 2008 to July 2010. We assessed one hundred eighty patients' carotid artery sonography data and diagnosed dampness-phlegm by oriental medical diagnosis. then, analyzed their characteristics, risk factor, lifestyle, metabolic syndrome, body mass index, Waist/Hip ratio(W/H ratio) and dampness-phlegm diagnosis. Results : On the demographic variables of the patients, age, smoking, W/H ratio and dampness-phlegm group were significantly higher in severe internal carotid artery(ICA) stenosis group than in the control group. According to the significant difference in dampness-phlegm group, we analyzed dampness-phlegm related index for pattern identifications by ICA stenosis. As a result, sputum, bowel sound, chest discomfort, slippery pulse were significantly higher in the severe ICA stenosis group than in the control group. In multivariate analysis, dampness-phlegm group showed close relationship with severe ICA stenosis group. Conclusion : According to the analysis, significance between dampness-phlegm diagnosed patients group and severe ICA stenosis were clarified. These results can be utilized in the future as a basis material.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.296-300
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• 2012

Internal carotid artery (ICA) trapping can be used for the treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms, blood blister-like aneurysms, and fusiform dissecting aneurysms. Fusiform dissecting aneurysms are challenging to treat surgically and endovascularly because of no definite neck and critical perforators. Surgical or endovascular trapping of the ICA with or without an extracranial-intracranial bypass has commonly been used as an effective method to treat these lesions, but balloon test occlusion (BTO) must be performed. Here, we report a case of a ruptured fusiform dissecting aneurysm of the distal ICA, which was successfully treated using an endovascular ICA trapping with a manual ICA compression test instead of BTO.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1352-1356
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• 2000

Aneurysms of the medial wall of the internal carotid artery(ICA) constitute a rare group of ICA aneurysms arising at locations other than at arterial division. Because these aneurysms usually have thin walls and wide necks associated with arteriosclerosis, neck clipping should be taken into special consideration. The authors report two cases of the aneurysm presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, in which neck clippings ware performed with impunity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.488-491
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• 1984

Vascular injuries from gun shot wound is rare in these days, in Korea. A Case of false aneurysm of the right common carotid artery due to penetrating injury to the neck by carbine. The confirmatory diagnosis was made by right carotid angiogram which revealed bean-sized aneurysmal sac at the mid-portion of the right common carotid artery. Despite of no symptoms, emergency false aneurysmectomy and reconstruction with on-lay vein patch graft using left greater saphenous vein for threat of rupture and embolization from mural thrombi. During repair of common carotid artery, cerebral circulation was maintained with internal shunt. The postoperative course was uneventful except limit of motion of right upper extremity due to initial injury.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.435-439
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• 2005

To determine the appropriate concentration of papaverine hydrochloride(PPV) for therapeutic intraarterial infusion against cerebral vasospasm and to measure the mean blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery in rabbits. Vasospasm was induced in the experimental groups (3 days after infusion; group 1, n=3, 7 days after infusion; group 2, n=3) and a control group (n=l) by placing a blood clot in the subarachnoid space around the top of the internal carotid siphon. PPV (5 mg/kg) was infused into the internal carotid artery. The vascular diameters of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were measured on angiograms before and after infusion. The mean blood flow velocity in the MCA was measured on transcranial doppler sonograms before and 24 hours after infusion. After fixation, the MCA was dissected out, stained, and examined microscopically. After PPV infusion in both groups, vascular dilatation of about $20\%$ was seen. The mean increase in blood flow velocity in the group $1(30\%)$ was smaller than in the group $2(70\%)$. The mean blood flow velocity in the MCA decreased by about $30\%$ in both groups, but increased again after 24 hours nearly to the level before PPV infusion. PPV infusion may be more effective in early stages of vasospasm when vascular walls have fewer histologic changes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.260-263
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• 2009

Internal carotid artery (ICA) trapping can be used for treating intracranial giant aneurysm, blood blister-like aneurysms and ICA rupture during the surgery. We present a novel ICA trapping technique which can be used with insufficient collaterals flow via anterior communicating artery (AcoA) and posterior communicating artery (PcoA). A patient was admitted with severe headache and the cerebral angiography demonstrated a typical blood blister-like aneurysm at the contralateral side of PcoA. For trapping the aneurysm, the first clip was placed at the ICA just proximal to the aneurysm whereas the distal clip was placed obliquely proximal to the origin of the PcoA to preserve blood flow from the PcoA to the distal ICA. The patient was completely recovered with good collaterals filling to the right ICA territories via AcoA and PcoA. This technique may be an effective treatment option for trapping the aneurysm, especially when the PcoA preservation is mandatory.