• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.231-266
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• 1997

TQM is a whole process of systemizing, documenting and measuring of service quality scientifically to achieve zero defects in product quality and to continue to improve the body of the product quality by itself. To have this process be improved continuously, first of all it needs to prepare an ideal environment to understand and to conform to its internal and external customers', that is every guests' and employees' expectations and demands. Then it has to be followed by the next step removing some negative aspects that could be derived from the first mentioned process The third step is to cut the cost be suitable compensation rather than an attitude trying to solve the problems in an easy way. The last essential factor for setting up TQM system is to make good use of the outstanding feature or process as it is reviewed against the superior benchmark. The purpose of this study is meet the customers' expectations and to maximize the hotel's profits by searching TQM(total quality management) strategy in hotels. To attain this research's objective, it follows these three details. Firstly, it defines TQM and its contents. Secondly, it provides the standard of hotel TQM throughout some case studies. Thirdly, it suggests TQM strategic plan in tourism hotel as one of professional management strategies. Two useful methods are used together to achieve the goal of this study. To confirm its theoretical consideration, descriptive studies by the research documents its theoretical consideration, descriptive studies by the research documents published in and out of the country is used. The other is case studies of TQM execution in real hospitality industry, which present the cases of the airline, Jefferson Memorial and the hotel. This research is targeting to demonstrate the successful TQM's exercise in a hotel industry by completing the theoretical studies and case studies on service product quality with an understanding of its importance. As it is said earlier, to lead to the successful TQM's practice, it is necessary to maintain a constant training of the employees. Secondly, it also must identify where it has to focus on to deliver a professional quality management. Thirdly, effective quality management organization needs to be build up. The manager's strong will to accomplish and the employee' active participations are the last condition to be succeed. Once again this study places an emphasis on the fact that TQM is critical to maximize the customers' satisfaction and the hotel's profitability. It is also very worthwhile to have every people working on front line recognize why the TQM is important and further more how they can contribute to improve their service quality by a positive participation and a careful observation of TQM's operating in their property.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.73-88
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• 1998

The management of nursing resource is very important. that is because nursing staff accounts for 30-40% of total staff in a hospital and nurses provide patoents with attentive service for hours daily. The continuous turnover of nursing staff. however, impedes the quality-oriented nursing care, which will consequently leads to the loss of human and material resource in competitive society. This study aimed to calculate nurse's activity and compare the activity amount based on career experience. Futhermore it aimed to find factors which would influence 'quality weighed direct nursing activity amount'. Questionnaires and check lists for this study were distributed to nurses in a suburban hospital outside of Seoul from October 20 to November 14. 1997. The nursing activities were calculated according to professionality. independency and working hour. And then it were accumulated by quality score. The collected data was analyzed by statistical methods as t-test, ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows ; Firstly, carrel' experience had no influence on the quality weighed nursing activity amount. But the quality level of service of skilled nurses was higher than that of new nurses. Secondly, career was a variable affecting the quality in nursing service. So career was positively related to the quality of nursing care. Patient's disease severity and number of patient were positively correlated with weighed nursing activity amount. But job satisfaction was negatively correlated v:ith the amount. Thirdly, the independent variables which had significant influence on the weighed nursing activity amount were disease severity and the number of patients, The severity score and number of patient were directly proportional to the weighed nursing activity amount. This results indicated· that weighed nursing activity amount was influenced by the number of patient and patient's disease severity. The quality score of nursing services for experienced members is higher than that of new staff. But both new and skilled staff showed no difference in the quality weighed nursing activity amount. Internal and. external environment influences nursing activities. The quality of nursing services is very important factor in nursing activity. Therefore nursing managers should make an effort to improve nursing care quality through continuous research. Also they should try to maintain experience nurses and assign nursing staff appropriately with patient's severity and other relevant factors being considered. The quality-improved nursing care in the hospital will strengthen hospital's competitiveness.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.141-164
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• 2020

전 세계적으로 기업환경의 불확실성과 복잡성과 더불어 기업은 경쟁우위를 확보하기 위한 핵심요소의 하나로 공급사슬관리에 집중해오고 있다. 성공적인 공급사슬관리는 기업의 내부적 핵심역량과 공급사슬에서의 개별 기능의 통합을 강화하기 위한 노력을 추진해 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 기업 간 정보공유가 공급사슬통합과 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 있다. 선행연구를 통해 설정된 연구가설을 구조방정식을 활용하여 분석하였다. 전체 723부의 설문지가 가설검정을 위해 투입되었다. 본 연구를 통해 기업간 정보공유는 공급사슬통합에 커다란 영향을 미치며, 이는 운영적·전략적 수준에서 재무, 시장점유율 그리고 고객 만족 등의 기업성과에 긍정적 영향을 미친다는 결과를 도출하였다. 기업간 정보의 통합과 공유를 통한 공급사슬의 통합은 정보, 서비스, 재화 및 돈의 흐름을 촉진시킨다. 그러므로 만약 공급사슬의 구성원간 정보가 단절되며 전체 공급사슬관리에 부정적인 효과를 가져올 것이다. 반면 공급사슬구성원이 단일의 플랫폼에서 실시간으로 효율적으로 정보를 고유할 수 있다면 전체 공급사슬의 최적화를 도모할 수 있다. 전략적이고 운영적 수준에서 정보의 공유와 통합은 공급사슬통합에서 중요한 역할을 하며, 이는 기업의 성과와 경쟁력 제고에 기여할 것이다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.169-181
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of outdoor weather conditions on subjective responses during physical activity. Background: The largest difference between indoor and outdoor conditions is the existence of the sun. The heat load from the sun has an influence on the heat gain of the human body and the intense degree of solar radiation affected thermal comfort. Method: Thirty eight people were exposed to a range of climatic conditions in the UK. Weather in England does not have extremely hot and cold temperature, and the current study was conducted under warm (summer and autumn) and cool (spring and summer) climates. Measurements of the climate included air temperature, radiant temperature (including solar load), humidity and wind around the subjects. Subjective responses were taken and physiological measurements included internal body temperature, heart rate and sweat loss. Results: This study was conducted under four kinds of environmental conditions and the environmental measurement was performed in September, December, March, and June. The values for sensation, comfort, preference, and pleasantness about four conditions were from 'neutral' to 'warm', from 'not uncomfortable' to 'slightly comfortable', from 'slightly cooler' to 'slightly warmer', and from 'neither pleasant nor unpleasant' and 'slightly unpleasant', respectively. All subjective responses showed differences depending on air temperature and wind speed, and had correlations with air temperature and wind speed (p<0.05). However, subjective responses showed no differences depending on the radiant temperature. The combined effects of environmental parameters were showed on some subjective responses. The combined effects of air temperature and radiant temperature on thermal sensation and pleasantness were significant. The combined effects of metabolic rate with air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation respectively have influences on some subjective responses. In the case of the relationships among subjective responses, thermal sensation had significant correlations with all subjective responses. The largest relationship was shown between preference and thermal sensation but acceptance showed the lowest relationship with the other subjective responses. Conclusion: The ranges of air temperature, radiant temperature, wind speed and solar radiation were $6.7^{\circ}C$ to $24.7^{\circ}C$, $17.9^{\circ}C$ to $56.6^{\circ}C$, $0.84ms^{-1}$ to $2.4ms^{-1}$, and $123Wm^{-2}$ to $876Wm^{-2}$ respectively. Each of air temperature and wind speed had significant relationships with subjective responses. The combined effects of environmental parameters on subjective responses were shown. Each radiant temperature and solar radiation did not show any relationships with subjective responses but the combinations of each radiant temperature and solar radiation with other environmental parameters had influences on subjective responses. The combinations of metabolic rate with air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation respectively have influences on subjective responses although metabolic rate alone hardly made influences on them. There were also significant relationships among subjective responses, and pleasantness generally showed relatively high relationships with comfort, preference, acceptance and satisfaction. Application: Subjective responses might be utilized to predict thermal stress of human and the application products reflecting human subjective responses might apply to the different fields such as fashion technology, wearable devices, and environmental design considering human's response etc.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.222-232
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구는 고등학생을 대상으로 영적안녕, 죽음에 대한 태도, 호스피스 인식 간의 상관관계를 파악하고, 호스피스 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하고자 한다. 방법: 대상자는 B 광역시에 소재한 고등학교인 실업계(남자, 여자) 2곳, 인문계(남자, 여자) 2곳에 재학 중인 1, 2학년 학생 229명이었고, 자료수집 기간은 2015년 5월 1일부터 동년 5월 31일까지였다. 자료는 SPSS Win 18.0 program을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearsion correlation coefficients, Stepwise multiple regression으로 데이터를 분석하였다. 결과: 고등학생의 호스피스 인식은 성별(t=-3.377, P=0.001), 주관적 건강상태(t=3.334, P=0.001), 주관적 학교생활만족도(t=3.233, P=0.001), 부직업(t=2.393, P=0.018), 호스피스 사전인지경험(t=-7.181, P<0.001), 호스피스, 죽음 관련 교육경험(t=-2.120, P=0.035)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 사후 내 몸에 대한 태도와 죽음준비에 대한 태도가 긍정적일수록 호스피스 인식에 대한 태도가 긍정적이었다. 호스피스 인식에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 호스피스 사전 인지 경험, 죽음준비에 대한 태도, 주관적 학교생활 만족도, 성별로 총 설명력은 34.5%였다. 결론: 고등학생의 호스피스 인식을 증진하기 위해서는 죽음준비에 대한 태도와 호스피스에 대한 인지를 높여줄 수 있는 좋은 죽음 및 호스피스 교육프로그램 개발과 시행이 필요하다고 본다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.337-347
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• 2014

세계보건협회에서 인간후천성면역결핍환자 (human immunodeficiency virus; HIV)의 삶의 질을 측정하기 위해 개발한 WHOQOL-HIV BREF (World Health Organization's quality of life - human immunodeficiency virus, brief scale)를 한국판으로 번역 개발하였다. 설문 문항은 전반적 삶의 질과 건강상태를 묻는 두 문항과 6개의 도메인을 포함한 29문항을 합하여 총 31문항으로 구성되어 있다. 자료수집은 국내 14개 병원에 내원한 220명의 인간면역결핍바이러스 양성환자를 대상으로 전문조사원이 무기명 자가 기입식으로 조사하였다. 대상자 중 남성이 202명 (91.8%), 평균 나이는 40.6세, 평균 CD4+ T 세포수는 1ml당 414.9개였다. 삶의 질은 평균 53.2점이었고 도구의 크론바흐 ${\alpha}$ 신뢰계수는 0.942였다. 동일 도구로 측정한 포르투칼의 경우 54.8점으로 유사하였으며 전반적인 삶의 질과 건강상태와의 상관관계는 각각 0.747 (p <0.01)과 0.651 (p <0.01)이었다. 한국판 도구의 내적신뢰도와 구성타당도도 만족스러웠다. 후천성면역결핍증후군과 인간면역결핍바이러스 환자의 지속적인 관찰은 필요하며 이러한 도구의 개발은 이들의 삶 삶의 질 향상에 기여할 뿐만 아니라 다른 나라 환자들과의 비교를 가능하게 해 줄 것이다.

• 복식
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.113-134
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• 2001

This study was carried out with an objective to prepare the framework of conformity for the 21st century modern fashion, which is interactive with mankind, based on a position that the 21st century contemporary fashion with its amalgamating trend of diversified artistic forms may not be elucidated on a standpoint centering on one certain modality. The hybrid fashion trend of historical modality which provides freedom and satisfaction in creation of an individuals expressive power in expressing true desire of mans inside through man-centered thought of the times has made multifarious motives of the past and present fragmentary. It thus extracts inner divisions and the concept of consolidation through three-dimensional form. Modern fashion is newly interpreted by the material and details of high technologies. and is harmonized by mix and match with various expressions. By having it, it is being expressed together with many types of dresses and ornaments. Modern fashion is being expressed together with many types of dresses and ornaments by new interpretations with the material and details of high technologies and by being harmonized with mix and match with various expressions. The hybrid fashion design trend of regional elements formed by stimuli and contacts of diverse local culture by globalization of network that was achieved by scientific technologies of the contemporary information society has disintegrated varied boundaries in the conventional culture by the latest communication technology-new media on the basis of newly created culture. The fact that regional elements could be expressed as if they were interrelated without each being deprived of originality may be explained with an interpretation on pluralism. The hybrid fashion design trend of cultural aspect, which manifests in the background of scientific technological culture as it transcends the societal-cultural boundaries based on the de-centralization theory of Frederic Jameson, has supplemented the imperfect meanings through conversional correlation with other forms and internal program changes. The middle stratal and polyhedral characteristics are seen as each cultural element is dismantled and reassembled by application of 'multiple-time point expression'. Design forming method is not to bring destruction from outside, but to embrace instability and chaos through radical dismantling of the inside. and to pursue diversity and openness. Thus. it is implemented by an approach that takes the role of design process. In communication of discontinuity, continuity was dismantled through forms of mixing, overlap, perversion, insertion and coincidence.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1365-1378
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• 1999

This study is a methodological research study to develop an instrument to measure in patients with cancer and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. The research procedure was as follows : 1) The first step was to develop conceptual framework based on a comprehensive review of the literature and in-depth interviews with patients with cancer. This conceptual framework was organized in to three dimensions (the intrapersonal dimension, the significant-other and context related dimension, the transcendental dimension). Initially 59 items were adopted. 2) These items were analyzed through the index of content validity(CVI) and 53 items were selected which met more than 80% on the CVI. 3) The pretest was carried out with 87 patients with cancer. After the pretest results were analyzed by item analysis, 44 items were selected. A second test of content validity was conducted and 6 items were eliminated considering the 80% CVI. 4) To test for reliability and validity, data collection was done during the period from January 25, 1999, to February 26, 1999. The subjects for the test were 160 patients with cancer and 185 healthy persons. analysis, item analysis and multitrait-multimethod method to analyze validity. The findings are as follows : 1) The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .92 for the total 38 items and .79, .82, .85, for the three dimensions in that order. 2) The item analysis was based on the corrected item to total correlation coefficient( .30 or more) and information about the alpha estimate if this item was dropped from the scale. 3) As a result of the initial factor analysis using principal component analysis and varimax rotation, one item was deleted because of factor complexity (indiscriminate factor loadings). In the secondary factor analysis, 7 factors with eigenvalue of more than 1.0 were extracted and these factors explained 56 percents of the total variance. The seven factors were labeled as 'family relationship', 'emotional condition', 'physical discomfort', 'meaning and goal of life', 'contextual stimuli', 'change of body image', 'guilt feelings'. 4) The convergence effect between this instrument and the life satisfaction scale was identified and there was significant positive correlation(r= .52, p= .00). The discriminant validity between this instrument and the depression scale(CES-D) was tested and there was significant negative correlation(r= -.50, p= .00). The instrument for accessing the suffering of patients with cancer developed in this study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, this tool can be effectively utilized for assessment in caring for patients with cancer.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제32호
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• pp.123-150
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• 2012

공경호 분야에 종사하고 있는 이들이 경호원이라는 직업과 그들 조직의 특성을 어떻게 인식하고 있는지에 대한 연구를 통해 이 분야 진출을 희망하는 이들에게 좀 더 가치 있는 실질 정보를 제공하기 위한 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구 참여자들은 최고의 경호조직의 요건으로 '구성원 상호 간 존중'과 '가족 같은 분위기', 그리고 '우수한 조직원'과 '경제적 처우 및 풍부한 예산'을 손꼽았다. 둘째, 자신이 몸담고 있는 조직의 강점으로 '체계적인 일과와 교육훈련', '엄정한 선발제도', 그리고 '강한 응집력과 팀워크'를 들었다. 셋째, 연구 참여자들은 '내부 평가제도', '고착된 교육내용', 그리고 '제한된 보직 순환' 등은 그들 조직의 약점이라고 거론하였다. 넷째, 연구 참여자들은 최고의 경호조직에서 일하고 있다는 것 자체로 보람을 느끼며, 반면 시민들로부터 경호업무에 대해 협조 받지 못하거나 사고를 당할 경우 보상 및 처우가 기대에 미치지 못했을 때 회의를 느낀다고 하였다. 다섯째, 직무수행 간 어려운 점과 스트레스 원인으로 경호업무 특성을 이해하지 못하는 이들과의 업무협조의 어려움, 불안정한 생활패턴, 일관성 없는 평가, 그리고 계속되는 긴장감 등을 토로하였다. 여섯째, 직업의 장점으로 최고 조직에서 근무한다는 자부심과 직업안정성을 들었고 반면 업무중요도와 위험성에 비해 낮은 보수와 복지수준, 자유롭지 못한 생활 등은 직업의 단점으로 인식하였다. 따라서 경호 관련 분야 진출을 희망하는 이들은 이상과 같은 연구결과를 참고로 경호원이라는 직업 및 경호조직의 특성을 고려하여 진로목표를 설정하여야 하겠다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

택배 업계의 서비스 품질 향상과 고객 만족에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 다양한 차원에서 분석한 연구가 많이 이루어져 왔다. 이러한 연구의 대부분은 한정된 응답자를 대상으로 설문조사나 인터뷰 등의 질적 방법이 사용되어 자료의 형식과 내용, 응답자의 범위가 제한적이라는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 장기간에 축적된 불특정 다수의 소비자 상담 사례와 업계 종사자의 불만이 반영된 기사문을 대상으로 삼아 택배 서비스에서 소비자와 공급자가 지적하는 불만에 관한 주요 토픽을 탐색하고 분석하여 선행 연구의 미비점을 보완하고자 하였다. 또한, 이러한 토픽이 시점에 따라 어떻게 변화하는지 흐름을 분석함으로써 최근에 제기된 새로운 토픽을 발굴하고 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 이 결과 지연/분실/오배송 토픽과 택배 산업 경쟁 심화 토픽이 중심을 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 토픽 트렌드 분석 결과 최근 국제 택배 상담 내용이 다소 늘었고, 아파트 택배 배송과 관련된 갈등이 많이 다루어져 이를 정부 정책에 반영하거나 연구 주제로 다루어 볼 수 있을 것이다. 연구 결과 나타난 토픽은 선행 연구에서 다루어진 내용이 주를 이루지만 내밀한 상담사례와 학술 문헌 등 다른 자료와 분석 방법을 추가하면 더 새롭고 가치있는 토픽을 도출할 수 있을 것이라고 기대한다.