• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.211-219
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• 2014

The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes, which are the extension of urban streets, are being changed from a mediating space aiming at movement to a staying-type space according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes. And they function as a resting place of user with court and plaza, and act as an urban public space, and accommodate an activity arising from the gathering of many people. As a result, a role of new relaxation and community space is played in the center of the city. And the aspect of publicness is brought into relief. Hence, this study is intended to examine the characteristics that the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes have, and furthermore, it is intended to show the planning characteristics in the contemporary mixed-use commercial complexes. With regard to the method of research, first, space configuration and role of internal streets was examined according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes on the basic of precedent research and literature review. And the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes were classified into doorway part, traffic line, and open space. And the characteristics of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes through the concept of architectural 'publicness' were derived as accessibility, amenity, perceptibility, openness, connectivity and symbolism. The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes should be changed by the space planning to secure continuity with the city on the basis of accessibility and connectivity and to reinforce visual openness in the internal streets in order to improve amenity and perceptibility, accordingly the mixed-use commercial complexes will be also born again as symbolic public space in the city. Variously changing elements to improve publicness very importantly act on the planning of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes, and therefore researches should be continuously carried out.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to compare between professionalism in medical field(doctor) and architectural design field(architect) in Korea through synchronic and diachronic analysis, with basic requirement of expertise and systemicity, attitude requirement of the publicness, and structural requirement of exclusiveness and autonomy. The medical professionalism adapted by Korean government in the early period of modernization evolved from Western's professional expertise is highly divided as economy grew and society changed. In comparison, architecture was divided into architecture, urbanism, landscape, and interior architecture. Additionally, architectural field was subdivided with architectural design, engineering, construction, structure, and facilities, but architectural design focused on generalized education and practice system. From the systematical point of view, architectural design field has changed profoundly from architectural engineering as 5 year undergraduate educational system was introduced with Korean architectural accreditation. The publicness is approved through health service in medical field and safety and the public domain in architectural design field, but in reality the professionals are viewed as economic interest groups. Hence, the professionalism in both fields is required to reinforce ideology and ethics, and to practice concrete measures for publicness. Compared with the unified organization of medical field, architectural design professionalism faces various difficulties in unifying the organization, such as internal competition caused by tightened architect's requirements, along with external problems from architectural design permission demands of construction companies. In medical and architectural design professionalism, with the appearance of consumerism and stricter governmental regulations, the autonomy is weakened. From the result of comparative analysis, Korean medical field became extremely subdivided and specialized in each department, therefore integration of each disease and establishment of centers are proposed as solutions. By contrast, the reinforcement of expertise in architectural design professionalism might be necessary to strengthen autonomy caused by governmental restriction, and to form architectural culture and secure public architecture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.772-782
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• 2014

The aim of the study is to examine the factors affecting publicness and efficiency of the regional public hospitals and specify their relationship, thereby drawing out the policy implications for further improvement of regional hospital management. The analytical results showed the followings. First, there were statistically significant mean differences between the above-the-mean group and the below-the-mean group in terms of the internal and external environmental factors and intensity of competition. Second, When the hospitals were divided into two groups based on the mean value of efficiency, the ratio of material costs, of operational costs, and of doctors, and GRDP per capita of the above-the-mean group and the below-the-mean group showed the significant mean differences. Finally, among the variables of publicness, the ratio of medical aid patients and the number of deliveries had the negative relationships with efficiency whereas the medical costs of medical aid recipients had a positive relationship. The general argument that the government should enlarge its support for the regional hospitals' publicness needs to be specified in terms of the particular components of publicness based on this study. Also, to determine the extent of government support, the further research on the external environmental factors that cannot be controlled by the hospitals, for instance, intensity of competition, GRDP per capita, and fiscal self-reliance, should be encouraged.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.71-103
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• 2009

Considering the expenditure size of public institutions centering on public enterprises, about 28% of Korea's GDP in 2007, public institutions have significant influence on the Korean economy. However, still in the new government, there are voices of criticism about the need of constant reform on public enterprises due to their irresponsible management impeding national competitiveness. Especially, political controversy over appointment of executives such as CEOs of public enterprises has caused the distrust of the people. As one of various reform measures for public enterprises, this study analyzes the effect of internal governance structure of public enterprises on their managerial performance, since, regardless of privatization of public enterprises, improving the governance structure of public enterprises is a matter of great importance. There are only a few prior researches focusing on the governance structure and managerial performance of public enterprises compared to those of private enterprises. Most of prior researches studied the relationship between parachuting employment of CEO and managerial performance, and concluded that parachuting produces negative effect on managerial performance. However, different from the results of such researches, recent studies suggest that there is no relationship between employment type of CEOs and managerial performance in public enterprises. This study is distinguished from prior researches in view of following. First, prior researches focused on the relationship between employment type of public enterprises' CEOs and managerial performance. However, in addition to this, this study analyzes the relationship of internal auditors and managerial performance. Second, unlike prior researches studying the relationship between employment type of public corporations' CEOs and managerial performance with an emphasis on parachuting employment, this study researches impact of employment type as well as expertise of CEOs and internal auditors on managerial performance. Third, prior researchers mainly used non-financial indicators from various samples. However, this study eliminated subjectivity of researchers by analyzing public enterprises designated by the government and their financial statements, which were externally audited and inspected. In this study, regression analysis is applied in analyzing the relationship of independence and expertise of public enterprises' CEOs and internal auditors and managerial performance in the same year. Financial information from 2003 to 2007 of 24 public enterprises, which are designated by the government, and their personnel information from the board of directors are used as samples. Independence of CEOs is identified by dividing CEOs into persons from the same public enterprise and persons from other organization, and independence of internal auditors is determined by classifying them into two groups, people from academic field, economic world, and civic groups, and people from political community, government ministries, and military. Also, expertise of CEOs and internal auditors is divided into business expertise and financial expertise. As control variables, this study applied foundation year, asset size, government subsidies as a proportion to corporate earnings, and dummy variables by year. Analysis showed that there is significantly positive relationship between independence and financial expertise of internal auditors and managerial performance. In addition, although business expertise and financial expertise of CEOs were not statistically significant, they have positive relationship with managerial performance. However, unlike a general idea, independence of CEOs is not statistically significant, but it is negatively related to managerial performance. Contrary to general concerns, it seems that the impact of independence of public enterprises' CEOs on managerial performance has slightly decreased. Instead, it explains that expertise of public enterprises' CEOs and internal auditors plays more important role in managerial performance rather than their independence. Meanwhile, there are limitations in this study as follows. First, in contrast to private enterprises, public enterprises simultaneously pursue publicness and entrepreneurship. However, this study focuses on entrepreneurship, excluding considerations on publicness of public enterprises. Second, public enterprises in this study are limited to those in the central government. Accordingly, it should be carefully considered when the result of this study is applied to public enterprises in local governments. Finally, this study excludes factors related to transparency and democracy issues which are raised in appointment process of executives of public enterprises, as it may cause the issue of subjectivity of researchers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.193-201
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• 2006

In according as the social action of women is active, the average life span is longer than male, not only woman's social position is higher, but also the construction of the more professional woman special hospital Is increased. In occasion to the recent woman special hospital, give medical treatment about pediatrics and the breast surgery as well, and the sphere is increasing as compose the variety network, from the health medical center to check the woman's physical to the postpartum care center. The trend of the lobby is arranged the more service area as the concept of the woman hospital is changed, the sphere is increasing. Accordingly, this study research and analyze the service zone and design elements on the focus the lobby of the internal woman special hospital, have an intention of guideline about the interior design of the after woman hospital. As the subject of study, selected the hospital that lobby serves to show the identity of total space, and the woman special hospital that is introduced to the relation journal with architecture or interior design, is opened after 2000 years, below the 100 bed. As the study method, understand the composition of lobby space through floor analysis, examination by the visit, analyzed the arrangement constituent, the design trend. The direction of lobby space mentioned in the study result is that secure the publicness, guarantee the privacy zone, and is important that the adequate arrangement of commercial space contribute to client's mental stability, desire that inflected as the more positive communication place.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.512-520
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• 2020

This study analyzed the relative operational efficiency and impact factors of regional public hospitals to present benchmarking points for enhancing the efficiency of inefficient regional public hospitals. The survey targets collected and utilized the internal resources and management performance data from 34 regional public hospitals in Korea over the past five years, from 2014 to 2018. The final 33 regional public hospitals were surveyed, excluding Jinan Regional Public Hospital, which opened in 2015, the middle of the survey period. The general characteristics and input/output variables were analyzed by frequency analysis and technical statistics analysis, and Data Envelopment Analysis was performed to measure the operational efficiency index and relative comparison. According to the study, there were 11 efficient hospitals (33.3%) and 22 inefficient hospitals (66.7%). Of the 22 inefficient hospitals, 13 (IRS: Increasing Returns to Scale) required scale expansion, and nine (DRS: Decreasing Returns to Scale) required scale reduction or rebalancing. The significance of this study was that an analysis of the relative efficiency and influencing factors presented specific alternatives or directions that could help enhance the efficiency of the growth of regional public hospitals, sustainable management, and expansion of publicness.