• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1997.03a
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• pp.155-158
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• 1997

The investigation deals with of a intermediate process condition hving a bolt-shaped final product where it is required to extend tool-life in forging. In this study, optimization of the design variables is conducted by a genetic algorithm, where the fitness values are evaluated on the basis of FEM analysis model. The approach is applied to the determination of the intermediate process conditions which are optimal with regard to minimization of peak die pressure.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2022

Intermediate filaments are the mechanical ropes for both cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton of the cell which provide tensile force to these skeletons. In providing the mechanical support to the cell, they are likely to buckle. We used conventional Euler buckling model to find the critical buckling force under different boundary conditions which they assume during different functions. However, there are many experimental and theoretical studies about other cytoskeleton components which demonstrate that due to mechanical coupling with the surrounding surface, the critical buckling force increases considerably. Motivated with these results, we also investigated the influence of surface effects on the critical buckling force of intermediate filaments. The surface effects become profound because of increasing ratio of surface area of intermediate filaments to bulk at nano-scale. The model has been solved analytically to obtain relations for the critical forces for the buckling of intermediate filaments without and with surface effects. We found that critical buckling force with surface effects increases to a large extent due to mechanical coupling of intermediate filaments with the surrounding surface. Our study may be useful to develop a unified experimental protocol to characterize the physical properties of Intermediate filaments and may be helpful in understanding many biological phenomenon involving intermediate filaments.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2010

$CoSb_3$-based skutterudite compounds are promising candidates as thermoelectric (TE) materials used in intermediate temperature region. In this study, sintering of $CoSb_3$ powder and joining of $CoSb_3$ to copper-molybdenum electrode have been simultaneously performed by spark plasma sintering technique. The Ti foil was used for preventing the diffusion of copper into $CoSb_3$ and the Cu : Mo = 3 : 7 Vol. ratio composition was selected by the consideration of thermal expansion coefficients. The insertion of Ti interlayer between Cu-Mo and $CoSb_3$ was effective to join $CoSb_3$ to Cu-Mo by forming an intermediate layer of $TiSb_2$ at the Ti-$CoSb_3$ boundary. However, the formation of TiSb and TiCoSb intermediate layers deteriorated the joining properties by the generation of cracks in the interface of intermediate layer/$CoSb_3$ and intermediate/intermediate layers.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1999

Irradiation of 1-(o-allyloxyphenyl)-2-pentamethyldisilanylenthyne 2a in methanol yields two 1 : 1 photoaddition products 3 and 4 via silacyclopropene intermediate. Photolysis of 2a with acetone in deaerated methylene chloride yields site specific and regioselective 1 : 1 adducts 6 ad 7 via silacyclopropene and 1-sila-1, 2-propdiene intermediate, respectively. Photolysis of 2a and 1-(o-(3', 3'-dimethyl-2'-propenylox)phenyl)-2-pen-tamethyldisilanylethyone 2b in benzene provides novel stereoselevtive intramolecular cyclization products 10 and 11, respectively. Irradiation of 1-(o-acetoxyphenyl)-2-pentamethyldisilanyl ethyne 2c in benzene yields the photo-Fries rearrangement products 18 and 19 and a photoproduct 17 via silacyclopropene intermediate. Photolysis of 1-(o-methoxycarbonlymethoxyphenyl)-2-pentamethyl disilanylenthyne 2d in benzene provides a novel intramolecular cycloaddition product 25 and 1-(o-methoxycarbonylemthoxiyphenyl)-2-trimethylsilylethyne 26 via silacyclopropene intermediate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.147-153
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• 2000

This paper presents a design method using CAE(Computer Aided Engineering ) with the consideration of reliability for optimal gear driving system. This method considered a configuration of the intermediate shaft. There are four mounting types, such as double straddle, double overhung, output gear overhung, and input ger overhung in the intermediate shaft. The reliability and life analysis are based on the two-parameter Weigbull distribution lives of the gears and bearing . The validity and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by the application to transmission of a industry machine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.21-25
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• 2000

An inverse finite element approach is employed for more capability to design the optimum blank shape from the desired final shape with small amount of expense and computation time For multi-stage sheet metal forming processes numerical analysis is expense difficult to carry out the to its complexities and convergence problem. It also requires lots of computation time. For the analysis of elliptic cup with large aspect ratio intermediate sliding constraint surfaces are difficult to describe. in this paper multi-stage finite element inverse analysis is applied to multi-stage elliptic cup drawing processes to calculate intermediate blank shapes and strain distributions in each stages. To describe intermediate sliding constraint surfaces an analytic scheme is introduced to deal with merged-arc type sliding surfaces.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.376-380
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• 1987

The cyclobutane forming photocycloaddition reaction of 5(E)-styryl-1,3-dimethyluracil with some olefins occurs on the 5,6-double bond of uracil ring rather than the expected central double bond via an intermediate, probably the photochemical Diels-Alder type adduct. This intermediate formed on short term irradiation of 5(E)-styryl-1,3-dimethyluracil and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene solution is converted into the $C_4$-cycloadduct on the prolonged irradiation. Quantum yield of the intermediate formation is not linear with the concentration of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene probably due to the secondary reaction accompanied with the complex reaction kinetics. The intermediate is formed from the lowest excited singlet state.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2023

Cytoskeleton components play key role in maintaining cell structure and in giving shape to the cell. These components include microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. Among these filaments intermediate filaments are the most rigid and bear large compressive force. Actually, these filaments are surrounded by other filaments like microtubules and microfilaments. This network of filaments makes a layer as a surface on intermediate filaments that have great impact on buckling behavior of intermediate filaments. In the present article, buckling behavior of intermediate filaments is studied by taking into account the effects of surface by using Euler Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories. It is found that effects of surface greatly affect the critical buckling force of intermediate filaments. Further, it is observed that the critical buckling force is inversely proportional to the length of filament. Such types of observations are helpful for further analysis of nanofibrous in their actual environments within the cell.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10b
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• pp.30-35
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• 1993

Simple recurrence relations for calculating completion times of various storage polices (unlimited, intermediate storages(FIS), finite intermediate storages(FIS), no intermediate storage(NIS), zero wait(ZW) for serial multi-product multi-unit processes are suggested. Not only processing times but also transfer times, set-up (clean-up) times of units and set-up times of storages are considered. Optimal scheduling strategies with zero transfer times and zero set-up times had been developed as a mixed integer linear programniing(MILP) formulation for several intermediate storage policies. In this paper those with non-zero transfer times, non-zero set-up times of units and set-up times of storages are newly proposed as a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) formulation for various storage polices (UIS, NIS, FIS, and ZW). Several examples are tested to evaluate the robustness of this strategy and reasonable computation times.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.511-516
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• 2008

Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. (KHNP) developed new IP-2 packages to transport low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW) steel drums from nuclear power plants to a disposal facility in accordance with IAEA and Korean transport regulations of radioactive material. Radiation shielding evaluation of the packages was carried out to demonstrate compliance with the regulatory requirements for IP-2 packages of radioactive material. Dose rate limits of LILW drums contained in the packages were determined.