• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2021

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is an extension paradigm of moving vehicles to communicate with wireless transmission devices within a certain geographical limit without any fixed infrastructure. The vehicles have most important participation in this model is usually positioned quite dimly within the certain radio range. Fuzzy based multi-hop broadcast protocol is better than conventional message dissemination techniques in high-mobility VANETs, is proposed in this research work. Generally, in a transmission range the existing number of nodes is obstacle for rebroadcasting that can be improved by reducing number of intermediate forwarding points. The proposed protocol stresses on transmission of emergency message projection by utilization subset of surrounding nodes with consideration of three metrics: inter-vehicle distance, node density and signal strength. The proposed protocol is fuzzy MHB. The method assessment is accomplished in OMNeT++, SUMO and MATLAB environment to prove the efficiency of it.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2021

A 12-year-old dog was referred due to multiple superficial lymphadenopathy. On cytology, each lymph node showed different cell populations where some of them consisted of intermediate to large lymphocytes with frequent Mott cells. Presence of Mott cells along with immature lymphocytes made the cytological diagnosis challenging, and therefore, supplementary diagnostic tests including PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangement (PARR) assay and flow cytometry were performed. This case report illustrates the value of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy with ambiguous cytologic findings.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.435-436
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• 2009

RFID 시스템의 미들웨어는 태그에서 생성된 방대한 양의 데이터를 리더를 통해 전달받는다. RFID 미들웨어는 이러한 데이터를 정제하여 응용 애플리케이션에 전달하는 기능을 담당한다. 하지만 태그 데이터 정제 과정에서 발생되는 지연 시간은 RFID 미들웨의 응답성을 저하시킨다. 본 논문은 EPCglobal 의 RFID 미들웨어 표준인 ALE 에 의거하여 태그 데이터에 대한 다수의 필터링 조건들이 주어진 RFID 미들웨어 환경에서 실시간으로 수집되는 대용량의 태그에 대한 고속 필터링 엔진을 설계한다. 이를 위하여 Intermediate node 들이 key 값을 저장하는 Binary Search Tree 형태를 구성하여 태그를 필터링하는 방법을 제안한다. 결과로써 기존의 순차적인 RFID 데이터 필터링에 비해 고속의 필터링 성능을 보이며 특히 필터의 수가 증가할수록 필터링의 효율이 높아짐을 보인다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2018

Purpose: The modification of the cancer classification system aimed to improve the classical anatomy-based tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging by considering tumor biology, which is associated with patient prognosis, because such information provides additional precision and flexibility. Materials and Methods: We previously developed an mRNA expression-based single patient classifier (SPC) algorithm that could predict the prognosis of patients with stage II/III gastric cancer. We also validated its utilization in clinical settings. The prognostic single patient classifier (pSPC) differentiates based on 3 prognostic groups (low-, intermediate-, and high-risk), and these groups were considered as independent prognostic factors along with TNM stages. We evaluated whether the modified TNM staging system based on the pSPC has a better prognostic performance than the TNM 8th edition staging system. The data of 652 patients who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent for gastric cancer between 2000 and 2004 were evaluated. Furthermore, 2 other cohorts (n=307 and 625) from a previous study were assessed. Thus, 1,584 patients were included in the analysis. To modify the TNM staging system, one-grade down-staging was applied to low-risk patients according to the pSPC in the TNM 8th edition staging system; for intermediate- and high-risk groups, the modified TNM and TNM 8th edition staging systems were identical. Results: Among the 1,584 patients, 187 (11.8%), 664 (41.9%), and 733 (46.3%) were classified into the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively, according to the pSPC. pSPC prognoses and survival curves of the overall population were well stratified, and the TNM stage-adjusted hazard ratios of the intermediate- and high-risk groups were 1.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-2.72; P<0.001) and 2.54 (95% CI, 1.84-3.50; P<0.001), respectively. Using Harrell's C-index, the prognostic performance of the modified TNM system was evaluated, and the results showed that its prognostic performance was better than that of the TNM 8th edition staging system in terms of overall survival (0.635 vs. 0.620, P<0.001). Conclusions: The pSPC-modified TNM staging is an alternative staging system for stage II/III gastric cancer.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.108-116
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a Ethernet based audio distribution system with a new L1/L2 hybrid switching scheme, and evaluate its performance. The proposed scheme not only offers guaranteed low latency and jitter characteristics that are essentially required for the distribution of high-quality uncompressed audio traffic, and but also provide an efficient transmission of data traffic on the Ethernet environment. The audio distribution system with a proposed scheme consists of a master node and a number of relay nodes, and all nodes are mutually connected as a daisy-chain topology through up and downlinks. The master node generates an audio frame for each cycle of 125us, and the audio frame has 24 time slotted audio channels for carrying stereo 24 channels of 16-bit PCM sampled audio. On receiving the audio frame from its upstream node via the downlink, each intermediate node inserts its audio traffic to the reserved time slot for itself, then relays again to next node through its physical layer(L1) transmission - repeating. After reaching the end node, the audio frame is loopbacked through the uplink. On repeating through the uplink, each node makes a copy of audio slot that node has to receive, then play the audio. When the audio transmission is completed, each node works as a normal L2 switch, thus data frames are switched during the remaining period. For supporting this L1/L2 hybrid switching capability, we insert a glue logic for parsing and multiplexing audio and data frames at MII(Media Independent Interlace) between the physical and data link layers. The proposed scheme can provide a good delay performance and transmission efficiency than legacy Ethernet based audio distribution systems. For verifying the feasibility of the proposed L1/L2 hybrid switching scheme, we use OMNeT++ as a simulation tool with various parameters. From the simulation results, one can find that the proposed scheme can provides outstanding characteristics in terms of both jitter characteristic for audio traffic and transmission efficiency of data traffics.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.381-386
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• 2002

Background: Bronchial carcinoids account for approximately 2% of all pulmonary tumor and consist of typical carcinoids and atypical carcinoids. An atypical carcinoids is considered to be an intermediate form of tumor between a low-grade malignant typical carcinoid and a high-grade malignant small cell lung carcinoma. There is still controversy with regard to the extent of resection and the value of systemic adjuvant therapy in atypical carcinoids. We performed a retrospective review of our experiences at Severance Hospital. Material and Method: Between 1990 and 2000, 15 patients with bronchial carcioids were operated, and 5 of these had atypical carcinoids. Histologic diagnosis was established un the criteria of WHO/IASLC(1999). Result: There were 3 pneumonectomies, 11 lobectomies, and 1 segmentectomy. In typical carcinoids, one patient had regional lymph node metastasis, and 3 patients in atypical carcinoids had mediastinal lymph node metastases. Distant metastases developed in one patient of typical carcinoid, but developed in 4 patients of atypical carcinoids(p=0.0017). The 5-year survival rate in patients with atypical carcinoids was 20%, versus the 100% 5-year survival rate observed in patients with topical carcinoids(p=0.0039). Conclusion: In atypical carcincids, because of many lymph node metastases on diagnosis and a low long-term survival rate, lobectomy constitutes a mininal procedure. Adjuvant systemic therapy is recommended fur patients with lymph node and distant metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5219-5223
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• 2013

The number of axillary lymph nodes involved and retrieved are important prognostic factors in breast cancer. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether the lymph node ratio (LNR) is a better prognostic factor in predicting disease-free survival (DFS) for breast cancer patients as compared with pN staging. The analysis was based on 804 breast cancer patients who had underwent axillary lymph node dissection between 1999 and 2008 in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center. Optimal cutoff points of LNR were calculated using X-tile software and validated by bootstrapping. Patients were then divided into three groups (low-, intermediate-, and high-risk) according to the cutoff points. Predicting risk factors for relapse were performed according to Cox proportional hazards analysis. DFS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. The 5-year DFS rate decreased significantly with increasing LNRs and pN. Univariate analysis found that the pT, pN, LNR, molecule type, HER2, pTNM stage and radiotherapy well classified patients with significantly different prognosis. By multivariate analysis, only LNR classification was retained as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, there was a significant prognostic difference among different LNR categories for pN2 category, but no apparent prognostic difference was seen between different pN categories in any LNR category. Therefore, LNR rather than pN staging is preferable in predicting DFS in node positive breast cancer patients, and routine clinical decision-making should take the LNR into consideration.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.3
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• pp.361-370
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• 2004

All active nudes which have no physically direct connection with each other in If network must be able to compose and manage network topology Informations. Besides one active program can be performed by the active nodes when every active packet for this program is transmitted without any loss of packets. Also the active packets should be transmitted effectively to minimize the transmission delay and securely from threatens. In this thesis, the discovery scheme of active nodes is adapted for active nodes in IP networks to compose and manage the topology information. The scheme for the efficient, reliable and secure transmission of active packets is also proposed. The sequence number is assigned to every active packet. If a receiver detects the loss of active packet checking the sequence number, the receiver requests the retransmission of the lost packet to the previous active node. kiter receiving an active packet and adapting security and reliability schemes, intermediate active nodes not only copy and send the Packet Instantly but also apply some suity mechanisms to it. And the active packet transmission engine is proposed to provide these transmission schemes The simulation of the adapted active node discovery scheme and the proposed active packet transmission engine is performed. The simulation results show that the adapted active node discovery scheme is efficient and the proposed active engine has the low latency and the high performance.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.3 s.99
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• pp.429-436
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• 2005

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes without any fixed infrastructure or my form of centralized administration such as access points and base stations. The ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) protocol is an on-demand routing protocol for MANETs, which is one of the Internet-Drafts submitted to the Internet engineering task force (IETF) MANET working group. This paper proposes a new multipath routing protocol called maximally disjoint multipath AODV (MDAODV), which exploits maximally node- and link-disjoint paths and outperforms the conventional multipath protocol based on AODV as well as the basic AODV protocol. The key idea is to extend only route request (RREQ) message by adding source routing information and to make the destination node select two paths from multiple RREQs received for a predetermined time period. Compared to the conventional multipath routing protocol, the proposed MDAODV provides more reliable and robust routing paths and higher performance. It also makes the destination node determine the maximally node- and link-disjoint paths, reducing the overhead incurred at intermediate nodes. Our extensive simulation study shows that the proposed MDAODV outperforms the conventional multipath routing protocol based on AODV in terms of packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay, and reduces routing overhead.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2281-2287
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• 2013

Network Coding(NC) is a new paradigm for network communication. In network coding, intermediate nodes create new packets by algebraically combining ingress packets and send it to its neighbor node by broadcast manner. Network Coding has rapidly emerged as a major research area in information theory due to its wide applicability to communication through real networks. Network coding is expected to improve throughput and channel efficiency in the wireless multi-hop network. Prior researches have been carried out to employ network coding to wireless ad-hoc network. In our study, intermediate nodes identify one-hop bidirectional flows for network coding decision. We expect that the proposed scheme shall improve decoding success rate of network coded packet. From the simulation, the proposed network coding scheme achieved better performance in terms of coding gain and packet delivery rate than traditional network coding scheme.