• 생약학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.244-254
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• 2020

Atractylodes macrocephala is a perennial herb and is a member of the Compositae family. This plant is known to contain various bioactive constituents indicating anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-oxidant, immunological enhancement, and gastroprotective effects. In this investigation, we isolated four compounds with similar chemical structures from A. macrocephala, and evaluated their anti-inflammatory effects. Among the four compounds, compound 2(atractylenolide II) showed the second-best inhibitory effect on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide in RAW264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglial cells. Compound 2 also inhibited the LPS-induced the production of prostaglandin E2(PGE2), and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 proteins in both cells. In addition, compound 2 suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α. These inhibitory effects were contributed by inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) pathways by treatment with compound 2. This compound did not induce the expression of heme oxygenase(HO)-1 protein indicating that the anti-inflammatory effect of compound 2 was independent with HO-1 protein. Taken together, these results suggested that atractylenolide II can be a candidate material to treat inflammatory diseases.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic effects of WSY-1075 composited with Corni Fructus, Angelica gigantis Radix, Lycii Fructus, Ginseng Radix, Cervi parvum Cornu and Cinnamomi Cortex in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) and scratching mouse model. Methods : WSY-1075 was prepared by extracting with 30% ethanol. In the present study, we investigated the effect of WSY-1075 on the production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) and histamine in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187, and on the scratching behavior in mice treated with pruriogens. Results : WSY-1075 was not cytotoxic effect in used all concentration. PMA plus A23187 treatment significantly increased TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production compared with media control in RPMCs. However, TNF-${\alpha}$, $IL1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production increased by PMA plus A23187 treatment were significantly inhibited by WSY-1075 (200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 400 ${\mu}g/mL$). WSY-1075 also inhibited the histamine release from RPMCs stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. Moreover, WSY-1075 administration had an inhibitory effects on the scratching behavior induced by pruritogen (compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin and substence P) in ICR mice. Conclusion : These results suggest that WSY-1075 administration (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg) has the anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic effects on the activated rat peritoneal mast cell and mouse pruritus. WSY-1075 has a potential use as a composition of medicinal plants for treatment against inflammation- and pruritus-related disease.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2019

Objectives : Osteoarthritis is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage, which is characterized by chronic pain, stiffness and decrease range of motion. The present study was designed to compare the therapeutic effect of Dioscoreae Rhizoma water extract (DRW) and Dioscoreae Rhizoma 30% ethanol extract (DRE) on the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods : Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA ($50{\mu}{\ell}$ with $80mg/m{\ell}$) into the knee joint cavity of rats. After adaptation period for seven days, rats were divided by 5 groups (n=10/group): normal group, control group, positive control (indomethacin 5 mg/kg), DRW 200 mg/kg treated group, DRE 200 mg/kg treated group (n=10/group). The hind paw weight distribution was measured with the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) in articulation tissue. Also, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factoralpha ($TNF{\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were investigated by western blot analysis. Results : The administration of DRW and DRE significantly decreased the hind paw weight distribution. The ROS and $ONOO^-$ levels of cartilaginous tissue were significantly decreased in DRW and DRE compared to control group. The results showed that DRE decreased inflammatory cytokines such as iNOS and $TNF{\alpha}$. Also DRE decreased MMP-1 and increased TIMP-1. Conclusions : Based on the above results, Dioscoreae Rhizoma extract seems to have the therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis via suppression of inflammation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2022

Earthing, caused by direct skin contact with the Earth's surface, is used to reduce the symptoms of inflammation (fever, fever, swelling and pain). However, there is little evidence to support the anti-inflammatory effects of earthing mattresses. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate whether anti-inflammatory effect of earthing mattress using an in vivo animal model. The anti - inflammatory effect was evaluated by measuring ear thickness and foot volume in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) - induced ear edema and carrageenan - induced paw edema model, respectively. Balb/c mouse in carrageenan paw edema model showed significant anti - inflammatory effect in the group treated with earthing mattress for 4 hours or 24 hours for 3 days. For females, the anti-inflammatory effect was greater when the earthing mattress was added to the mattress than the mattress alone treatment. From the above results, it was found that the female responds more to the effect of the earthing as well as the mattress effect. In addition, when the male and female Balb/c mice were exposed to mattresses and earthing mattresses for 24 h for 3 days, respectively, the mattress and earthing mattresses showed significant inhibition of IL (Interleukin)-1β levels compared to the control. In the TPA ear edema model, Balb/c mouse showed significant anti - inflammatory effect in the group treated with the earthing mattress for 4 hours or 24 hours for 3 days. Both males and females showed more anti-inflammatory effects when they were exposed to earthing mattresses with mattresses added to the mattresses. From the above results, it was found that both male and female respond to the effect of earthing as well as the mattress effect in the TPA ear edema model. In conclusion, in this study, we have verified that earthing mattress shows inhibitory effects on TPA and carrageenan-induced inflammation. From these results, it is suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect can be expected by applying the earthing mattress to patients suffering from inflammatory diseases. However, there is a need to pinpoint exactly how the earthing mattress relieves inflammation, and further research is needed to investigate the mechanism.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2022

발효된 황매화의 상업적 사용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 항산화능 실험과 세포 독성, 항염능 실험을 실시하였다. 항산화능 실험에는 DPPH 실험, ABTS 실험, polyphenol 농도 측정, flavonoid 농도 측정을 실시하였다. polyphenol과 flavonoid 농도 측정에서는 발효군이 대조군에 비해 높은 농도를 나타내어, 발효를 통해 추출물의 유효성분 및 추출 수율을 높인다는 것을 확인하였다. DPPH, ABTS에서는 대조군에 비해 발효군의 항산화능이 높은 것을 확인하였다. 이는 S. fibuligera가 발효 과정에서 생산해 낸 효소에 의해 황매화의 세포벽 연화와 유기산과 에탄올 생성에 의한 추출 수율 증가에 의한 요인으로 생각된다. 항염능 실험에서는 세포 독성과 항염능을 알아보았다. 세포독성의 경우 대조군과 발효군 모두 낮은 세포독성을 보였으며, 염증 전달 물질인 NO 생성 억제능의 경우 발효군이 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 항염능 증가를 보였다. 염증성 cytokine인 IL-1β, IL-6의 농도를 측정한 결과 200 ㎍/mL 농도에서 각각 48.1±6.2%, 30.4±2.2%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이를 통해 발효 황매화가 염증 억제를 위한 물질로서 사용가능함을 보였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2022

Objective: The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a threat to the poultry industry as well as the economy and remains a potential source of pandemic infection in humans. Antiviral genes are considered a potential factor for HPAIV resistance. Therefore, in this study, we investigated gene expression related to cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions by comparing resistant and susceptible Ri chicken lines for avian influenza virus infection. Methods: Ri chickens of resistant (Mx/A; BF2/B21) and susceptible (Mx/G; BF2/B13) lines were selected by genotyping the Mx dynamin like GTPase (Mx) and major histocompatibility complex class I antigen BF2 genes. These chickens were then infected with influenza A virus subtype H5N1, and their lung tissues were collected for RNA sequencing. Results: In total, 972 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed between resistant and susceptible Ri chickens, according to the gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. In particular, DEGs associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions were most abundant. The expression levels of cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18), chemokines (C-C Motif chemokine ligand 4 [CCL4] and CCL17), interferons (IFN-γ), and IFN-stimulated genes (Mx1, CCL19, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like, and protein kinase R) were higher in H5N1-resistant chickens than in H5N1-susceptible chickens. Conclusion: Resistant chickens show stronger immune responses and antiviral activity (cytokines, chemokines, and IFN-stimulated genes) than those of susceptible chickens against HPAIV infection.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2022

Objectives This study was conducted to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of Naetakbaekryeom-san (NTB), and whether it could be another treatment for inflammatory diseases. Methods The NTB water extract was extracted with hot water at 100℃ for 2 hours, concentrated at 80℃ under reduced pressure, and used. After 2 hours of pretreatment with NTB and positive control Bay11-7082, nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1𝛽, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-𝛼) were measured in RAW264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 500 ng/mL. After 2 hours of pretreatment with NTB, the anti-inflammatory effect of NTB was evaluated by measuring nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-𝜅B) in RAW264.7 cells and 293T cells activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetic acid (PMA) 30 ng/mL. Results In RAW264.7 cells activated with LPS, NTB at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/mL showed no cytotoxicity, significantly inhibited NO production and inhibition of iNOS expression. TNF-𝛼 cytokine levels was not regulated, but NTB at each concentration inhibited the production of IL-1𝛽 and IL-6, and the effect was higher than that of the positive control Bay11-7082 (20 𝜇M). In PMA-activated RAW264.7 cells and 293T cells, each concentration of NBT decreased the NF-𝜅B transcriptional activity, with the greatest decrease at 1 mg/mL. Conclusions These results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of NTB water extracts, but further studies such as comparison of anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant effects by NTB component, comparison of effects according to extraction solvents, and clinical studies are needed.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2023

Brachythecium populeum 의 상업적 사용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 항산화능 실험과 세포 독성, 항염능 실험을 실시하였다. 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 농도 측정에서는 70% 에탄올 추출이 증류수 추출에 비해 높은 농도를 나타내어, 70% 에탄올이 추출물의 유효성분 및 추출 수율의 측면에서 가장 적합한 추출용매란 것을 확인하였다. DPPH, ABTS에서는 증류수 추출물에 비해 70% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화능이 높은 것을 확인하였다. 이는 B. populeum 유효성분의 극성에 따른 것으로 생각된다. 항염능 실험에서는 세포 독성과 항염능을 알아보았다. 세포독성의 경우 양 추출물 모두낮은 세포독성을 보였으며, 염증 전달 물질인 NO 생성 억제능의 경우 70% 에탄올 추출물이 증류수 추출물에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 항염능 증가를 보였다. 염증성 사이토카인인 IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α의 농도를 측정한 결과 100 ㎍/mL 농도에서 각각 9.39%, 11.87%, 14.49%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이를 통해 B. populeum의 70% 에탄올이 염증 억제를 위한 물질로서 사용 가능함을 보였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.761-767
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• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with a functional fatty acid blend (FA) that contains 31.4% butyric acid and 4.99% medium-chain FA improve growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity status, and anti-inflammatory ability in weaned piglets. Methods: One hundred and forty-four healthy piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an average body weight (BW) of 7.98±3.43 kg were randomly divided into three groups with six replicate pens and eight piglets per pen: Normal control (NC): a corn-soybean basal diet; FA1: a basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg of a functional FA; FA2: a basal diet supplemented with 2,000 mg/kg of a functional FA. The experiment lasted for 28 d. On d 14 and 28, one piglet in each pen from NC and FA2 groups was randomly selected for antioxidative index and immunoglobulins. On d 28, one piglet in each pen from NC and FA2 groups was randomly selected for intestinal morphology and inflammatory factor. Results: We observed that FA supplementation linearly increased (p<0.05) average daily gain and the final BW. There was higher (p<0.05) catalase on d 14, and immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgM on d 28 in piglets supplemented with FA2 than in the NC group. Moreover, dietary FA2 reduced (p<0.05) crypt depth of ileum in piglets. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 in jejunum were lower (p<0.05) in the FA2 group compared with the NC group. Conclusion: Therefore, the overall results suggests that the FA may help to improve gut health, antioxidant status, and immune parameters resulting in the improvement of growth performance.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2023

만성 염증성 관절염 질환인 통풍은 고요산혈증을 특징으로 하며 NLRP3 inflammasome의 활성화에 따른 IL-1β와 같은 염증성 cytokine 방출과 연관된 MSU에 대한 염증 반응에 의해 유발될 수 있다. 마늘에 함유된 황 함유 화합물은 다양한 질병에 대한 잠재적인 유익한 약리학적 효능을 가지지만, NLRP3 inflammasome 활성화와 연관된 통풍 억제에 대한 효능은 현재까지 입증되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 마늘 유래 황화합물인 DADS와 DATS가 MSU에 의한 NLRP3 inflammasome 활성을 억제할 수 있는지를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 비세포 독성 조건에서 DADS와 DATS는 LPS가 전처리된 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 MSU에 대한 반응으로 증가된 NO의 생성과 IL-1β 유리를 유의적으로 차단하였다. DADS와 DATS는 또한 증가된 NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 p20 및 IL-1β의 발현을 감소시켰으며, 이는 MSU로 유도된 LRP3 inflammasome 활성화가 DADS와 DATS에 의해 억제되었음을 의미한다. 아울러, DADS와 DATS는 NLRP3 inflammasome 활성화에 상위 신호로 작용하는 산화적 스트레스를 차단했으며 ROS 생성을 제거한다는 사실에서 입증되었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구의 결과는 DADS와 DATS가 ROS/NLRP3 경로를 억제하여 inflammasome 활성화를 차단함으로서 NLRP3 의존성 통풍성 관절염 치료를 위한 잠재력이 우수함을 의미한다.