• 한국진공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 1999

Nickel oxide films were prepard by using the electron beam evaporation technique. Coloring and bleaching experiments for cyclic durability were repeated in KOH electrolyte by cyclic voltammetry. Visible spectrophtometry was used to assess the stability of the transmittance in the degraded films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the grain surface are oxygen-rich compared to the grain interiors in a NiO film. Open circuit memory of colored films is about 400hours in lN KOH. The rate of self discharge was evaluated by measuring the transmittance at 550nm of a fully oxidized NiO film. The rate of self discharge was increased polynomially with time and the film is nearly bleached after about 400hours. It was also found that the degraded film by repeated cycles in the KOH solution changed the grain shape of film surface The film prepared under a vacuum pressure of $3\times10^{-4}$ mbar was found to be rather stable when subjected to the repeated coloring and bleaching cycles in KOH electrolyte. Band theory applied to explain the electrochromic mechanism was discussed.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2009

The most important advantages of atrium buildings are to allow the abundant natural lighting and outside views. However, the abundant lighting frequently causes to increase a cooling load in summer. The roof watering systems are useful to reduce the cooling load and save the energy. This study aims to investigate the effects of the roof watering system in atrium through the scaled model experiments. For the study, the 1/20 scaled model was made and tests were performed under the clear sky conditions through August 24 to september 7 in 2008. The model size was $45{\times}45{\times}60(cm)$ and depth of roof water was 3(cm). As results, the thermal effects of two types of atrium(roof opening, and roof and front opening,) were evaluated through the experimental points and conditions. It is expected to use the results for the next research to develop the practical roof watering systems for atrium.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2007

The lightshelf system, a horizontal shading and light redirect device, should improve the visual environment by optimal light distributions and intense illumination levels of a interior. This study aims to evaluate the daylighting performance of window integrated lightshelf systems by computer simulations. For the study, the standard office plan is analyzed through the field surveys. And then, the various lightshelf types attached window systems are picked out from existed research results. The max, minimum and average illuminance levels of interiors and illuminance distributions are evaluated by Lightsacpe 3.2 programs based on the installing height, shape type and moving angle of lightshelfs. As results, it is suggested that the optimum lightshelf shapes are the height 1.8m and the width 600mm. Also, in mixed lightshelf, the outside width 600mm, inside width 400 are efficient on indoor daylighting performance.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.122-125
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• 2005

The results analyzing the interior space of optician's store for application of VMD are as follows. The optician's stores tend to utilize their space not just for one function, but for multiple purposes. It is becoming bigger in size and is showing that it is spending more space for marketing purposes. In the future, optical store needs to provide convenience for the customers and as a Semi-Medical space, in order to receive trust, it needs to have Test-area, Work-area, improvement in environment, and of course, a comfortable space where the customers can sit back and relax. Taking a look at the features of design, the colors and the use of materials in domestic areas has been somewhat restricted. But international areas has been using diverse colors and materials for bright and comfortable atmosphere. Now, the optician's stores has to produce various atmosphere through different and brilliant colors and materials from other stores to be more efficient and to be highly competitive.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2002

Furniture reflects historical, cultual spatial background of human life style. This means that we cannot think of a furniture apart from the living environment. This study is focused on the process of furniture design in woman`s fashion shop. Basically furniture design is consisted of two main parts of process. The first part is series of a theoretical background and the second part is a visual design process. Theoretical background contains human activities in place, antropometric data, requisite furniture type according of visual main concept, series of sketches and the development of alternatives of design. Researching and applying all these factors systematically to furniture design process will lead to well designed furniture and harmonious interiors.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.14-28
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• 2014

The purposes of this study are to provide comprehensive reviews on multichannel consumer behaviors published in peer-reviewed academic journals from 2005 to 2014, to develop a conceptual framework that demonstrates multichannel determinants such as psychographics, demographics, social influences, and situational factors on consumers' search and purchase behavior based on customers' profits or costs judgment, and to provide possible direction for future research in multichannel consumer behavior. Three steps were taken in the process of analyzing consumers' channel determinants presented in the 37 studies, and 12 most frequently used factors that appear in the studies were extracted. These factors include convenience, service, trust/risk, saving money, product knowledge, experience, efficacy/usefulness, involvement, shopping environment/situation factors, demographics, product types, and social influence. With 12 determinants of multichannel consumers' search and purchase behavior, a conceptual framework was proposed based on expectancy theory. The directions for future research were also discussed.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2020

Beginning a few decades ago, Baku, the capital city of Azerbaijan, has experienced a dramatic construction boom that is revitalizing its skyline. The expansive growth looks to uphold the historic past of Baku as a focal point within the Caspian Sea Region while also evoking aspirations for a city of the future. With superstructure complete and interiors progressing, the Ministry of Taxation (MOT) tower is the latest addition to the city, with its stacked cubes twisting above a multi-level podium at the base. Each cube is separated by column-free green roof terraces, creating unique parametric reveals of the developing surroundings. Aside from MOT's stunning shape, its geolocation resulted in unusually high wind loads coupled with high seismic hazards for a tower of its height. In addition, limitations on possible structural systems required stepping away from a typical prescriptive code-based approach into one that utilized Performance-Based Design (PBD) methods. This paper presents the numerous structural challenges and innovations that allowed the design of a new icon to be realized.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.366-374
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• 2023

Growing environmental awareness around the world has made environmental issues increasingly important in business. While most past research has focused on consumers' sustainable morals and lifestyles as the main motivations for eco-friendly consumption, few studies have examined the effect of traditional marketing programs on sustainable consumption. In this study, the author posited that delicate visual cues in store retail environments, particularly visual cues of the store interiors, affect the ways consumers evaluate the brand. The author specifically tested the effect of visual congruence, or the perceived fit between brands and visual cues in retail atmospheres, on perceived brand image and trust. The results of the online survey of 622 U.S. consumers indicated that visual congruence has a significant positive effect on consumer trust in the brand. The author also hypothesized that environmental concerns would moderate the relationships. consumers' subjective environmental concerns do not moderate the positive effect of visual congruence on trust in the brand.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.50-52
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• 2022

Brownish rings (BRs) with white interiors are formed during the manufacture of silicon ingots in quartz glass crucibles. These BRs inhibit the yield of silicon ingots. However, the composition and mechanism of the formation of these BRs remain unclear thus far. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the color and shape of these BRs. Raman analysis revealed that the brown and white colors appear owing to oxygen deficiency rather than crystallization from excess oxygen supply as previously assumed. Moreover, the dark shade of the brown areas depends on the degree of oxygen deficiency and the asymmetrical width of the brown areas is attributed to the direction of the molten silicon flow, which is influenced by the rotation and heat of the ingot crucible.

• 청정기술
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.232-240
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• 2014

폴리염화비닐(polyvinyl chloride, PVC)은 자동차 내장재(도어 트림 및 대쉬 보드 등)에 아주 널리 사용되고 있으나 특정조건에서 유해물질을 배출하므로 규제가 되는 소재로 알려져 있다. 그러므로 열가소성 폴리올레핀계 고분자인 폴리프로필렌(polypropylene, PP)이 자동차 내장재 부분에서 PVC를 대체할 수 있는 중요한 재료로 부각되고 있다. PP(비정영역:0.855, 결정영역:$0.946g/cm^3$)의 또 다른 장점은 PVC($1.1{\sim}1.45g/cm^3$)에 비해 밀도가 낮으므로 자동차의 중량을 줄일 수 있다는 것이다. 한편 모든 부품은 표면보호와 미관상 코팅이 반드시 필요하며, 그들을 조립하는데 접착제가 필요하다. 지금까지 주로 사용해 온 용제-베이스의 접착제/코팅제의 경우 휘발성 유기화합물(volatile organic compounds, VOC)의 발생과 열악한 작업 환경으로 환경친화적인 수성 접착제/코팅제의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구에서는 소수성 고분자 PP에 적용되는 환경친화적인 다양한 수분산 폴리우레탄-우레아 선처리제(primer: 마감도료가 기질에 보다 잘 접착될 수 있도록 선처리하는 도료)를 이온성분 dimethyl propionic acid (DMPA) 함량별, 다양한 NCO/OH 몰비, 변성 실리콘 디올의 다양한 함량 및 소프트세그먼트 함량 등의 여러 배합으로 제조하였다. 제조된 시료 중 DMPA 함량 21 mol%, 소프트세그먼트 함량 73%, 변성 실리곤 디올 5 wt% 및 NCO/OH 몰비 1.2를 사용한 시료가 기질 PP 시트와의 접착력이 우수하였으며, 첨가제는 분산제 0.5 wt%, 레벨링제 0.5 wt%, 소포제 1.5 wt% 및 소광제 3.0 wt%가 가장 적합한 첨가 함량임을 알 수 있었다.