• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.466-471
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• 2009

Generally LED lamp has many advantages to compare with a general lamp, long life and no pollution matter like the mercury. Also it is excellence for color rendering and need to small consumption electric rower. However LED lamp has some disadvantages to compare to general fluorescent lamp and That is small light flux about 50% and narrow light distribution than fluorescent lamp. Therefore, to apply LED lamp in an office building, after analyze a illuminance distribution with an environment analysis and cooling, heating and light energy. The purpose of this study is to analyze light environment. light, cooling and heating energy simulation in Office building.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.447-447
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• 2023

This study aimed to convert underutilized moso bamboo into high-value added products such as fences, interior materials, lighting fixtures, and accessories. Green moso bamboo poles with a diameter of approximately 10 cm and a length of approximately 3.7 m were heat treated at 140℃ using a large-scale kiln. The processing time was meticulously adjusted through various stages, including pretreatment (6-8 hours at 60℃), cooking (8-10 hours at 100℃), steaming (26-30 hours at 120℃), heating (4-6 hours at 140℃), and finally, cooling (below 80℃). A meticulously designed heat treatment process has enabled efficient mass production of moso bamboo poles with improved qualities, including minimal splitting, moisture levels below 3%, and a specific gravity of 1.05. The focus of this study was to present the physical and drying properties, such as color, dimensional change, specific gravity, moisture content, and splitting, observed during the heat treatment process.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2019

폐MDF로부터 해섬하여 얻은 재생섬유를 Reactive Red H-E3B (Bis-monochlorotriazine(MCT)/MCT type)와 Reactive Red RB 133%(bis-monochlorotriazine/Vinyl sulphone type)로 염색할 때 최적의 염색조건을 구명하기 위하여 염색조건(염료 농도, 염과 알칼리 첨가량, 염색온도)과 염색특성 및 일광견뢰도와의 관계를 검토하였다. 2종의 반응성염료 모두 염료농도가 1~10(%,OWF)로 증가함에 따라 염착량(K/S)은 증가하였다. 또한, H-E3B가 RB 133%보다 염료 농도에 관계없이 K/S는 높았으며, 자외선 조사에 따른 색차는 낮아 자외선에 의한 변색 저항성이 양호하였다. 황산나트륨의 첨가량이 증가할수록 색차 및 K/S도 증가하였으며, 염의 첨가량은 50~70 g/L가 적절하였다. 2 g/L의 탄산나트륨 첨가에 의해 색차 및 K/S가 크게 증가하였으나 그 이상의 첨가량 증가에서는 거의 차이가 없었다. 탄산나트륨의 첨가량은 pH 10을 유지하는 5~10 g/L가 적절할 것으로 생각된다. H-E3B 염료는 염색 온도가 높아짐에 따라 염착량이 증가하다가 $80^{\circ}C$에서 다시 감소한 반면 RB 133%는 $60{\sim}70^{\circ}C$까지는 거의 동일한 염착량을 나타냈으나, 이후 감소하였다. 따라서 H-E3B는 $80^{\circ}C$, RB 133%는 $60^{\circ}C$가 적정한 것으로 판단된다. 이상의 최적조건에서 폐MDF 목질섬유를 염색처리하면 H-E3B염료는 1.5~2.0R, RB 133%염료는 9.6~10.0 PR의 색상을 가지는 염색 재생 목질섬유의 제조가 가능하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate that to see how their traditional characteristics were reflected and expressed in Hanoi vietnamese contemporary public restaurants. For this, We visited Hanoi twice to have onsite research in August 2012 and 2013. According to the results of surveying Vietnamese public restaurants, all of the 12 cases had humane characteristics reflecting Vietnam traditional culture, showing Vietnamese unique traditional characteristics including intangible elements such as natural environment, life culture elements such as food culture, and formative aesthetic elements using indigenous ornaments. Different from luxury restaurants that had trade names on the theme of historical stories related to people or places and expressed various concepts formatively using photographs of Vietnamese politics and history and ornamental elements such as tableware, however, the public restaurants were simple in theme or concept. It is probably because most of the surveyed cases were situated in the old quarter to the north of the Hoan Kiem Lake and in the area to the west of the lake and their target customers were local people, so they reflected the Vietnamese traditional residence style and common people's life rather than designing the restaurants intentionally with specific concepts. As to the spatial expression characteristics of the surveyed cases, casual restaurants in Hanoi expressed only basic structure using basic construction materials and techniques with outdoor spaces in the form of Vietnam traditional tube house, and therefore, the overall atmosphere was contemporary. In indoor spaces as well, the general level was low, using uncharacteristic common design and color and cheap finishing materials and furniture. 83% of all cases showed the pattern of VM-VM-VT, being mainly contemporary by partially adopting Vietnamese unique ornamental elements for their outdoor and indoor spaces and using traditional elements supplementarily.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to find out design problems of grand chapel of the Protestant church and to set analysis frame based on theoretical study on abstract symbolism and investigate cases and to give reference of abstract symbolism expression of design of the chapel. The findings were as follow: Introduction of the light was found to be the most outstanding among abstract symbolic factors, and metaphor was commonly used to express abstract symbols. First, 1) Introduction of the light was found to be the most outstanding at application of abstract symbolic factor of modern Protestant church to be the highest among pastors, office bearers, believers and non-Christians. 2) The metaphor was found to be the most noticeable among abstract symbolic expressions. Second, the findings of questionnaire survey was: The findings of questionnaire of not only abstract symbolic expression factor but also symbolic expression method was not to cognize ideas of pastor, office bearers, believers and designers often. This was because abstract symbolism was made from point of view of designers. Therefore, abstract symbolic expression factors of grand chapel of modern Protestant church, for instance, effective introduction of the light, light quoting the Bible sayings, material, color and shapes, etc should be used with metaphor and symmetry to give Christians value of symbol and to hide meaning of symbolic values to non-Christians who do not know contents of the Bible.

• Architectural research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2016

People have experienced physical problems including vision problems with aging; some are normal and some are abnormal. When they have abnormal and impaired vision, they have a lower level of life satisfaction than their sighted peers. For the elderly with sight loss, well-designed housing could be an important indicator for their quality of life. Housing adjustment and modification could help the elderly cope with sight loss, do daily activities more independently, and lead to better quality of life. The purpose of this study is to investigate housing conditions for the elderly with vision impaired, state of housing adjustment or modifications, and the effects of housing conditions on the wellness of the elderly in Korea. For this study, 18 housing cases were investigated and a total number of 65 visually impaired people aged over 55 participated. Housing condition of those participated was poor. Most observed home hazards are level differences in living areas, obstacles in the hallway, confined space that is not allowed structural modification, swing doors from wardrobe or cabinets, color contrast, poor lightings, and etc. Majority of households participated in this study did not make modification or refurbishments, rather many of them tend to adapt themselves to their residential environments. Older adults living in better housing condition and under less difficult environments are likely to have higher life satisfaction. The effects of housing condition on wellness could be more influential when individual capabilities (e.g. health condition) are weaker. The findings underline that with intervention of individual characteristics, the effects of housing and physical environment on negative outcomes of vision loss would get ameliorated or reduced.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.438-448
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the effects of storage time and temperature and their interaction on the hygienic quality parameters of shell eggs. Methods: Eggs from 40-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens were sampled immediately after being laid and subjected to storage periods of four weeks at a refrigerated temperature ($4-5^{\circ}C$) or room temperature ($13.0-19.7^{\circ}C$). Interior/exterior qualities were examined every one week. Results: Weight loss was 2.4-3.1%. The initial specific gravity of the eggs was maintained until one week at both temperatures. Air cell size exceeded 4 mm when stored for one week at room temperature, and two weeks at refrigerated temperature. Albumen index and Haugh unit were significantly decreased at both temperatures after one week (p<0.001). Rapidly increased pH of the albumen with one week of storage was observed, regardless of temperature (p<0.001). Extension of the storage for up to four weeks at room temperature resulted in remarkable deterioration of eggshell quality and instrumental color as redness (a). Air cell size, albumen and yolk indices, Haugh unit, pH of albumen and yolk were found to be influenced by storage time and temperature (p<0.001). Interaction effects between storage time and temperature were also significant for air cell size, pH of albumen and yolk (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that air cell size and pH of albumen and yolk were important parameters influenced by storage time and temperature in shell eggs. Storage time was more influential for air cell size, and temperature for the pH of yolk. Both variables almost equally influenced the pH of albumen.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop the basis data for methods of the plan to make the office space of the psychological environment by survey of preference to users in Department Store. The results are as follows : First, we could know that the space plan has to be considered the privacy and sociality for the psychological environment in office space. Second, we could know that there are efficient methods of space plan to use the cutoff division by partitions, the psychological division by furniture and the sensitive division by material for privacy in office and resting space. For sociality, there are efficient arrangement methods to plan by division type in office space and by opening type in resting space. And it is good method to use by color that is one in esthetical elements. Third, if we considered users, it is good method to use partitions to cutoff from the floor to the ceiling for privacy in office space and to use movable furnitures to cutoff for privacy in resting space. Forth, we could know that there is the difference in methods of space plan to be preferred by user's variables for privacy and sociality in office and resting spaces. Thus, i think that we have to study considering user's variables and types of department store.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to be applied with the basic data for the design method in the housing space which is differential. So, we analyzed the expression method and the application characteristic to materials of units in housing complex. To that, we researched on the condition of finishing material about the kind of material, color, texture and pattern for components in living room space. The results of this study are as follows : First, at the present time, the Object concept is expressed by 'mixing' and 'juxtaposition' of material, texture and pattern of finishing materials in housing space. But, we could find that the Object concept was used restrictively in housing space. So, we have to find different expression methods to be the effective and differential design by being applied Object concept for the housing space. Second, the 'mixing' which is the method to express the Object concept is showed in only 'art wall'. so, we can estimate that the method is the limited method to plan the varied housing. It is needed various expression methods to design components for the housing space. Third, it showed that the 'mixing' was a passive expression method using a little differential for design of housing space. We could estimate that similar methods were applied to the housing design. By results of this study, we can think that the develop study is needed to find design methods for expression of the Object in housing space.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2007

Postmodernism, the theory and philosophy that swayed the world in the late 20th century, can be interpreted in various ways as a critical reaction against modernism as well as, in one way, the logical extension of modernism itself. Thus, an extensive understanding of the social and temporal background of the birth of postmodernism and a macroscopic and correlative approach toward the related artistic circles, especially art, were carried out before a formative discussion on the furniture design of postmodernism. Postmodemism in the field of furniture design shares the history of birth and spirit with Memphis, the progressive design group established by Ettore Sottsass in Milan, 1980. This study identifies the formative features of pestrnodernistic furniture design around those works that express the trend of postmodernism, in particular, chairs, as well as the designers who participated in the first Memphis exhibition at the Milan Furniture Fair. By identifying such features, the correlation between postmodemism and those features expressed in the works of postmodernism paintings were examined. The works of Anselm Kiefer, a German nee-expressionist who became famous through the Venice Biennale 1980, and five young Italian trans-avant garde authors were selected as the scope of this case study. The characteristics of postmodernism in modern art were analyzed in terms of themes, shape, and content and were derived as follows; Firstly, borrowed and past-oriented themes, secondly, deconstructive, atypical, plural, emotional, and intuitional shapes, and thirdly, basic, metaphorical, and abstract content, The formative characteristics of chair design in postmodemism furniture design are as follows; Firstly, deconstructive, symbolic, and abstract shapes, past-oriented, reactionary, and primitive colors and closing, as well as the characteristic of delivering commercial and metaphorical messages. The subjects and motives of art have been succeeded by the characteristics of color and closing in furniture, the shape and techniques of fine arts by the characteristics of furniture shape, and the content of art by that of furniture. They share key words and characteristics.