• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.34-38
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• 1999

This paper investigated remediation options for contaminated sediments with heavy metals. Twenty three sediment samples were taken from three different depths of 0.5m, 1.5m and 2.5m. The concentration of Heavy metals Cu, Pb, and Hg were measured. The concentration of copper far exceeded the Sediment Quality Guideline in U.S.A and Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines in Canada. Therefore, remediation of the sediments is requried to protect the benthos. Two remediation options were suggested : dredging of the organic sediments as deep as about 85cm followed by surface covers with clean soil, and in-situ stabilization of tile sediments using lime or cement followed by surface cover with clean soil.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.113-126
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• 2017

PURPOSES : This study proposes standards for rural access road pavement section and thickness design considering existing access road construction conditions; the study also proposes a complementary policy that can be used for design convenience. METHODS : Various literature review and case studies had been performed in terms of rural access road section and thickness design, both domestically and internationally, and this was followed by domestic rural access road field surveys. KPRP and KENLAYER were used to analyze the commonalities and predict the remaining life. Data on real cost is used to select an appropriate construction method through economic analysis. RESULTS : The economic efficiency of concrete pavement ($15{\times}15$) was the highest in terms of economic efficiency of performance life and traffic volume. In the case of asphalt pavement, it is considered that the most economical method is to implement micro-surfacing method four times as a preventive maintenance method (once every 10 years and 4.5 years for asphalt concrete pavement and MS construction method, respectively). Repairable asphalt pavement is advantageous for areas where heavy vehicles are expected to pass. In the case of other general areas, it is considered economical to place concrete ($15{\times}15$) pavement. However, as analytical results on its performance life are unavailable, it is to be considered for study in the future. CONCLUSIONS : This study proposed interim design guidelines based on various domestic and international design guidelines and case studies. However, in order to develop the final design criteria applicable to the field, it is necessary to (a) estimate the bearing capacity of the lower level of the pavement at various sites, (b) estimate the daily traffic volume, (c) implement advanced low-cost pavement technologies, and (d) propose maintenance standards and techniques for long-term performance.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of metal pollution in the sediment from rivers, lakes, and streams in active gold mining districts in Ghana. Two hundred and fifty surface sediment samples from 99 locations were collected and analyzed for concentrations of As, Hg, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Mn using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Metal concentrations were then used to assess the human health risks to resident children and adults in central tendency exposure (CTE) and reasonable maximum exposure (RME) scenarios. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, and As were almost twice the threshold values established by the Hong Kong Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines (ISQG). Hg, Cu, and Cr concentrations in sediment were 14, 20, and 26 times higher than the Canadian Freshwater Sediment Guidelines for these elements. Also, the concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cr, and Hg were 3, 11, 12, and 16 times more than the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) sediment guideline values. The results of the human health risk assessment indicate that for ingestion of sediment under the central tendency exposure (CTE) scenario, the cancer risks for child and adult residents from exposure to As were $4.18{\times}10^{-6}$ and $1.84{\times}10^{-7}$, respectively. This suggests that up to 4 children out of one million equally exposed children would contract cancer if exposed continuously to As over 70 years (the assumed lifetime). The hazard index for child residents following exposure to Cr(VI) in the RME scenario was 4.2. This is greater than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) threshold of 1, indicating that adverse health effects to children from exposure to Cr(VI) are possible. This study demonstrates the urgent need to control industrial emissions and the severe heavy metal pollution in gold mining environments.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.77-100
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• 2019

Third-party funding in international and domestic disputes is a fast-growing trend and it is increasingly used by large, solvent companies that simply wish to share risk in their finance. On January 10, 2017, the Civil Law Amendment Bill was passed in Singapore and on June 2017 an "Arbitration and Mediation Legislation (Third Party Funding) Bill" in Hong-Kong had a third-party funding to finance the international arbitration and other dispute resolutions expressly approved. This arbitral tribunal's expanding discretion over critical interim measure of security cost was in issue. In Essar v. Norscot (2016), the arbitrator found that the additional third-party funding costs were recoverable as "other costs of the parties." In here, the decision showed the issue of a tribunal's power over cost measures could spread out to be reviewed and broadened through the legislative process. A recent investor-state arbitration case of ICSID, RSM Production Corporation v. Saint Lucia, covered the express awarding of security for costs where a claimant was funded by a third-party funder. It seems inevitable that the volume of third-party funding industry will grow more as time goes on. The next step would be to formulate guidelines on how to determine criteria against which an application for security for costs is measured.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2011

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a main cause of hospitalization for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants worldwide. Children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (HS-CHD), as well as premature infants are at high risk for severe RSV diseases. Mortality rates for CHD patients hospitalized with RSV have been reported as about 24 times higher compared with those without RSV infection. Recently with advances in intensive care, mortality rates in CHD patients combined with RSV have decreased below 2%. The requirements of intensive care and mechanical ventilation for CHD patients with RSV infection were still higher than those without RSV infection or with non-CHD children. RSV infection has frequently threatened CHD infants with congestive heart failure, cyanosis, or with pulmonary hypertension. As a progressive RSV pneumonitis in those infants develops, the impairment of oxygen uptake, the breathing workload gradually increases and eventually causes to significant pulmonary hypertension, even after the operation. Preventing RSV infection as much as possible is very important, especially in infants with HS-CHD. A humanized monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, has effective in preventing severe RSV disease in high-risk infants, and progressive advances in supportive care including pulmonary vasodilator have dramatically decreased the mortality (<1%). Depending on the global trend, Korean Health Insurance guidelines have approved the use of palivizumab in children <1 year of age with HS-CHD since 2009. Korean data are collected for RSV prophylaxis in infants with CHD.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to introduce the design and early implementation results of Choice Neighborhoods(Choice) initiative, which is the most recent version of public housing policies in the United States designed and implemented under the Obama administration. The Choice initiative aims to support a wide range of strategies locally driven to address problems in disadvantaged neighborhoods with an emphasis on a comprehensive approach to transforming those neighborhoods. In this study, first, I briefly review the history of public housing policies since 1937, particularly focusing on limitations of HOPE VI(Housing Opportunity for People Everywhere) projects to understand the context behind the advent of the program. Second, I introduce the overall design of the Choice program and point out how this programs' design differs from previous public housing programs by reviewing the literature on federal guidelines for the Choice program. This study particularly focuses on introducing social services given to existing residents in public housing and their neighborhoods in redevelopment processes. These social services are intended to address poverty-related problems that public housing residents often confront, to help them break out of the cycle of poverty, and to minimize the negative impacts of relocation triggered by redevelopment. Third, to examine how this program has been implemented and has revealed limitations so far, I review an interim evaluation report based on five cities. This study ends with discussing policy implications for public housing providers and housing policy-makers in South Korea.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2013

Since 2004, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(MIFAFF) has been carrying out comprehensive rural village development project as the core one of Rural Area Development Schemes in Korea. Up to now, 56 projects had been completed after having with 5-year plan implementation period, on which it is possible to try post-project evaluation works. This study aims to propose a rational income-generation works model of comprehensive rural village development project, based on fulfillment checking results of their statutory stepwise working procedures specified in the project guidelines and their interim/post project performance analysis results in 56 project areas above mentioned. In comprehensive rural village development project, income-generation works generally have both quantitative and qualitative effects to rural communities; the former is focussed on income increasement of villagers, while the latter on community revitalization through job creation and spill-over effects of other linked community activities. So, the research works of this study focussed on these two comprehensive effects above mentioned.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.531-541
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• 2023

The Wolsong Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) operates an on-site spent fuel dry storage facility using concrete silo and vertical module systems. This facility must be safely maintained until the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is transferred to an external interim or final disposal facility, aligning with national policies on spent nuclear fuel management. The concrete silo system, operational since 1992, requires an aging management review for its long-term operation and potential license renewal. This involves comparing aging management programs of different dry storage systems against the U.S. NRC's guidelines for license renewal of spent nuclear fuel dry storage facilities and the U.S. DOE's program for long-term storage. Based on this comparison, a specific aging management program for the silo system was developed. Furthermore, the facility's current practices-periodic checks of surface dose rate, contamination, weld integrity, leakage, surface and groundwater, cumulative dose, and concrete structure-were evaluated for their suitability in managing the silo system's aging. Based on this review, several improvements were proposed.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.295-308
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• 2008

국립디지털도서관(NDL)이 국가대표 디지털도서관으로서 본연의 기능을 수행하기 위해선 최신의 정보환경인 IT 및 유비쿼터스 환경을 고려한 정보서비스 정책이 수립되어야 한다. 본 연구는 전술한 필요성에 의거하여 포커스그룹 인터뷰와 이용자 및 사서를 대상으로 한 설문조사 분석을 통하여 NDL의 정보서비스 정책을 수립하였다. 또한, 수립된 정보서비스 정책의 타당성을 제고하기 위하여 국립중앙도서관 관계자들을 대상으로 한 중간 평가와 외부 전문가 및 자문단을 통한 1, 2차 검증을 통하여 최종적으로 NDL 정보서비스 정책의 비전, 사명 목적, 목표, 전략 등을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 제시된 NDL의 정보서비스 정책은 초유의 연구사례로서 향후, 정보서비스 정책을 수립하고 세부지침을 마련하고자 하는 다른 디지털도서관에게도 경험적 사실과 근거를 제시하여 줄 것이다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2014

이산화탄소 포집 및 저장기술(CCS: Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage)은 이산화탄소($CO_2$: Carbon dioxide)를 저감하여 기후변화에 대응하는 방법의 하나로 인식되고 있다. 국내에서는 해양지중저장을 통해 $CO_2$의 영구적인 격리를 목표로 연구를 진행하고 있다. 하지만, 이론적으로 안전한 해저 지층구조에 이산화탄소를 저장한다하더라도 CCS 사업과정 또는 중장기적인 지질학적 구조 변형으로 인해 저장된 $CO_2$가 해양환경으로 누출 될 가능성이 존재하기 때문에 CCS 사업 추진과정에서 환경 및 생태계 안전에 대하여 많은 관심을 기울여야한다. 만약에 $CO_2$의 누출이 발생할 경우 일차적으로 해수 및 해양퇴적물 내 공극수의 pH를 낮추게 될 것이며, 이로 인해 해양 생물은 부정적인 영향을 받을 수 있다. 따라서 해양생태계를 보호하고 안전한 해양지중저장을 위해서는 이산화탄소에 노출된 해양생물의 영향 정도를 파악하고, 정량적인 생태위해성평가를 통해 합리적인 생태영향기준을 마련하는 것이 CCS 기술의 실용화를 위해서 매우 중요한 요소라 할 수 있다. 이러한 배경하에서 본 연구에서는 누출된 $CO_2$로부터 해양생태계 보호를 위한 생태영향기준 마련을 위해 $CO_2$ 노출에 따른 생물영향 자료를 기반으로 종민감도분포(SSD: Species Sensitivity Distribution)를 이용해 해양생물보호를 위한 pH 변화수준(${\delta}pH$)을 추정하여 정량적 생태위해성평가 기반의 잠정기준을 도출하였다. 정량적 생태위해성평가를 위한 생물영향자료는 미생물, 갑각류, 극피동물, 연체동물, 환형동물, 어류 등 다양한 해양생물에 대한 $CO_2$ 노출영향 평가연구자료를 비교 분석하여 확보하였다. 해양생물에 대한 $CO_2$ 노출영향 pH 범위는 6.61~8.22 이었으며, 수집된 자료로부터 무영향관찰농도(NOEC: No Observed Effect Concentrations)를 추정하고 종민감도분포를 이용하여 상위 95%의 생물종을 보호할 수 있는 ${\delta}pH$ 0.137을 추정하였다. 추정된 ${\delta}pH$는 불확실성을 고려하여 평가계수(assessment factor)를 이용하여 보정하거나, 보정없이 생태영향기준(pH 변화수준)으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 다만 본 연구에 활용된 생물영향자료가 국내 서식생물 또는 $CO_2$ 저장후보지의 지역 특이적인 생물에 대한 자료가 충분하지 않아 명확한 안전수준으로 활용되기에는 제한될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 추후 생물영양단계 및 지역특이적으로 서식하는 생물에 대한 충분한 생물영향자료의 보강을 통해 이러한 단점을 보완할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.