• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.101-119
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• 2000

US DoD designated the High LEvel Architecture (HLA) as the standard technical architecture for all military simulation since 1996. HLA will supercede the current Distributed Interactive Simulation(DIS) and Aggregated LEvel Simulation Protocol(ALSP) methods by no funds for developing/modifying non-HLA compliant simulations. The new architecture specifies Rules which define relationships among federation components, an Objects Model Template which species the form which simulation elements are described, and an Interface Specification which describes the way simulations interact during operations. HLA is named as standard architecture in NATO, Australia and many other militaries. Also, it will be IEEE standard in the near future. It goes without saying that ROK military whose simulation models are almost from US must be prepared in areas such as ROK-US combined exercise, training, weapon system acquisition, interface models with C4I system, OPLAN analysis, operations, and os on. In this paper, we propose several effective alternatives and issues for ROK Defense Modeling and Simulation under the transition of new HLA architecture. Those include secure the kernel of new simulation technology and develop our own conceptual model, RTI software, prototype federation for each service and aggregated one. In order to challenge the new simulation architecture effectively, we should innovate our current defense modeling and simulation infrastructure such s manpower, organization, budget, research environment, relationships among academia and industry, and many others.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.41-55
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• 1997

An improved model of 'use' or 'region' districting(or regional zoning) scheme has been proposed. GIS based prototype model of managing the semi-agricultural region is implemented in a PC based platform focusing the Yongin, Kyonggi-Do area. Throughout the process of users' requirement analysis, database design, and user interface design, it has been shown that the integrated system may shed light on the prospective usage by the city or county government officials regardless of the short functionalities and user interface. This study aims first at identifying the needs in the area of districting at local level and at suggesting a basic framework of database design and system implementation in regard to region districting. The ARC/INFO, ArcView/Avenue based PC-based decision supports system presented herein is hoped to be supplemented with the inclusion of time factor in its database to cover and reflect the temporal variations associated with the plans.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.249-252
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• 2000

An experimental multimodal system combining natural input modes such as speech, lip movement, and gaze is proposed in this paper. It benefits from novel human-compute. interaction (HCI) modalities and from multimodal integration for tackling the problem of the HCI bottleneck. This system allows the user to select menu items on the screen by employing speech recognition, lip reading, and gaze tracking components in parallel. Face tracking is a supplementary component to gaze tracking and lip movement analysis. These key components are reviewed and preliminary results are shown with multimodal integration and user testing on the prototype system. It is noteworthy that the system equipped with gaze tracking and lip reading is very effective in noisy environment, where the speech recognition rate is low, moreover, not stable. Our long term interest is to build a user interface embedded in a commercial car navigation system (CNS).

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.100-104
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• 2011

In software system development, an application interface is the main communication platform between human developers and applications. Interaction in any software application requires human's mental and physical activities. Although software systems have increased drastically in diverse sectors and many forms to quench human's needs and satisfactions, human always concern about the ease in usability of the software application so that it can be easily understood and navigated. Since many software developers still focus on the quantity of contents instead of the quality of the interface from the user's point of view, it is important to address human factors need in the early stage of the design and to continue addressing them during the entire stages of the software design for the persistent support of usability. In this paper, we propose the Modified Prototype Model (MPM), which helps the software designers and developers to design user-friendly software systems with easy-to-navigate interfaces by uncovering human factors in a convenient way. Moreover, we propose methods that assist to identify more human factors regarding software design. In this paper, we also study the implications of the proposed model and the proposed methods.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

Visual occlusion method is a visual demand measuring technique which uses periodic vision/occlusion cycle to simulate driving environment. It became one of the most popular techniques for the evaluation of in-vehicle interfaces due to its robustness and cost-effectiveness. However, it has a limitation in that the vision/occlusion cycle forces the user to use the IVIS at a predetermined pace, while a driver decides when to use the device on his/her own in actual driving. This paper proposes a user-driven visual occlusion method for measuring the visual demand of in-vehicle interfaces. An experiment was conducted to examine the visual demand of an in-vehicle interface prototype using both the existing (system-driven) occlusion method and the proposed (user-driven) one. Two in-vehicle tasks were evaluated: address input and radio tuning. The results showed that, for the radio tuning task, there were significant differences in total shutter open time and resumability ratio between the methods. The user-driven visual occlusion method not only allows a better representation of drivers' behavior, but it also seems to provide more information on the chunkability of a task.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2011

A prototype radar display unit was implemented using inexpensive off-the-shelf components, including a nonlinear estimation algorithm for the target tracking in a clutter environment. Two custom designed boards; an analog signal processing board and a DSP board, can be plugged into an expansion slot of a personal computer (PC) to form a maritime radar display unit. Our system provided all the functionality specified in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) resolution A422(XI). The analog signal processing board was used for A/D conversion as well as rain and sea clutter suppression. The main functions of the DSP board were scan conversion and video overlay operations. A host PC was used to run the tracking algorithm of targets in clutter, using the discrete-time Bayes optimal (nonlinear, and non-Gaussian) estimation method, and the graphic user interface (GUI) software for Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA). The proposed tracking method recursively found the entire probability density function of the target position and velocity by converting into linear convolution operations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.121-123
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• 2002

The design of an air seat cushion for preventing decubitus ulcer includes many design factors such as the even distribution of interface pressure, the minimization of mean and peak interface pressure values, and the reduction of interface shear force and pressure gradient. It involves the anatomic condition of plegia's buttock as well as air pressure in air cells of cushion. As a result, a suitable design of the cushion satisfying the all requirements is a difficult problem. Therefore, an appropriate and effective numerical tool to develop an air cushion orthosis is required. The purpose of the present study was to develop an air seat cushion orthosis having optimized air cells for evenly distributed interface pressure between the buttock and cushion surface. For the purpose, an advanced finite element (FE) model for the design of air cushion was developed. Since the interface pressure and shear force behavior, as well as stress analyses were primary concern, a FE air cell model was developed and verified by the experiments. Then, the interactions of two cells were checked. Also, the human part of the developed numerical model includes every material property and geometry related to buttock and femoral parts. For construction of dimension data of buttock and femoral parts, CT scans were performed. A commercial FE program was employed for the simulation representing the seating process on the orthosis. Then, sensitive analyses were performed with varying design parameters. A set of optimal design parameters was found satisfying the design criteria of the orthosis. The results were utilized to produce a prototype of the orthosis. Experimentally, the buttock interface pressure distributions from the optimized and previous ones were compared. The new seat orthosis showed a significantly improved interface pressure characteristics compared to the most popular one in the market. The new orthosis will be used for the development of the AI(artificial intelligent) controlled seat orthosis fur prevention of decubitus ulcer fur various plegic patients and the elderly.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.238-243
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• 2006

최근에는 통신기술과 인터넷의 발달로 원격의 사람과 전화, 이메일, 메신저 또는 화상회의 시스템 등을 통해서 쉽게 의사소통 할 수 있다. 이 시스템들은 주로 음성, 그림, 동영상 또는 문자 기반의 시청각 정보를 서로 주고 받으며 자신의 의사 및 감정을 전달하는 통로를 제공한다. 그러나 일상 생활에서 시청각 정보 외에 촉감 정보도 서로 의사소통 하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 악수, 포옹 등의 촉감 상호작용은 사람 사이에서 친근감을 표시하는데 가장 직접적인 방법으로 자신의 감정을 전달하거나 느낌을 표현하는데 사용된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 촉감 상호작용을 가능케 하는 의사소통 시스템의 연구는 아직 폭넓게 진행되고 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 일상에서와 같이 원격에서도 상대를 바라 볼 수 있고 자연스럽게 접촉할 수 있는 원격 촉감 커뮤니케이션 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템에서는 로컬 사용자가 손가락으로 상대의 몸 특정 부위를 만질 수 있고 서로 그 촉감을 실시간으로 느낄 수 있다. 이 시스템은 크게 AR 시스템, 그래픽 시스템, 햅틱 시스템, 택타일 시스템의 부시스템들로 나눌 수 있다. AR 시스템에서는 몸의 한 부위에 사각형의 AR 마커를 부착한 원격 사용자를 웹카메라로 촬영하고 ARToolKit 을 사용하여 마커의 위치를 측정한다. AR 마커의 바로 밑에는 택타일 장치가 장착되어 있으며 이 부위를 통하여 원격의 사용자는 로컬사용자가 자신의 팔을 만지는 느낌을 받게된다. 그래픽 시스템은 로컬사용자에게 촬영된 원격 사용자와 측정된 마커의 위치가 대표하는 원격 사용자의 가상 피부, 그리고 자신의 가상 손가락을 보여준다. 햅틱 시스템에서는 촉감 장치를 사용하여 로컬 사용자의 손가락 위치를 구하여 원격 사용자의 가상 피부와 접촉했을 때 그 충돌을 감지하고 접촉력을 계산하여 촉감 장치에 반영함으로써 그 접촉력을 느낄 수 있도록 한다. 택타일 시스템에서는 원격 사용자의 AR 마커 밑에 장착된 배열 타입의 진동 촉감 장치에 접촉 정보를 주어 로컬 사용자와 접촉 했을 때 접촉 부위에 진동을 줌으로써 촉감을 느끼도록 한다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.476-489
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• 1999

HW/SW codesign is integrated design of systems implemented using both hardware and software components. Many design tools has been developed to support this new paradigm, so far. Current codesign tools are not widely used as been expected because of variety problems - rapidly evolving technology, platform dependency, absence of standard specification method, inconsistent user interface, varying target system, different functionality In this paper, we propose a web-based distributed HW/SW codesign environment to remedy this kinds of problem. Our codesign environment has object-based 3 tier client/server architecture. It supports collaborative workspace through session service. Fully object-oriented design of user interface(OOUI) enables easy extension without change of user Interface. Furthermore it contains transaction server and security server for efficient and safe transfer of design data. To show a validity of our design, we developed prototype of web-based HW/SW codesign environment called WebCEDA. Our model of HW/SW codesign can be used for web-based generic CAD tools.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.166-177
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• 2009

As the aged have increased due to the progress of medical science and the low birth-rate, the various cultures and industries for them are on the rise. The aged want to enjoy the diverse social activities and the culture content for spending their spare time. But they are liable to be restricted by the activities due to the physical, psychological, and mental disorder. This paper suggests a tangible bicycle game content and interface with the function of training and improving the lower part of body that is necessary to the old people's movement. The suggested game content can attract the interest of the aged by the familiar device, bicycle, and the game design for the old people. We develop the sensory interface for augmenting the immersion in the game. The aged can enjoy their spare time doing both game and exercise through the sensory interface and the real-time display of 3D graphics.