• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.230-239
• /
• 1992

The specimens of two base metals and material friction-welded with hetrogeneous steels of SM40C and STS304 have been prepared and the characteristics of rupture and crack propagation of them have been examined. In the friction-welded material, the width of HAZ is 3.0mm for STS304 and 3.4mm for SM40C. The hardness distribution in HAZ of SM40C is decreased gradually as being getting off interface, but that in HAZ of STS304 is decreased remarkedly and the value of hardness becomes a little lower than that of the base metal in region of 1mm from interface and becomes a little higher than that of the base metal. The tensile strength of the friction-welded material appeared a little lower than that of the base metal and rupture by tensile load is developed in HAZ of STS304 and the position of rupture is at region of low hardness(1mm from interface). The crack propagation rates(da/dN) in both HAZ of the friction-welded material are a little higher than those in both base metals, but the difference are less except for the case of SM45C in low .DELTA. K value. It has been ascertained that the crack in the interface propagates selectively along the HAZ of SM40C and consequently the crack propagation rate is almost similar to that in the HAZ of SM40C.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2007

In order to utilize treads of waste tire as reinforcement material it is necessary to know the interface friction angle between tread surfaces and soil and tensile strength of connection joint of tire treads. In this research large direct shear tests were performed to get the interface friction angle between the inner and outer surfaces of treads and soil for different degree of compaction. From the large direct shear tests, the ratio of interface friction angle to the shear friction angle of sand, ${\delta}/{\phi}$, were 1.06 in outside surface of tire tread and 0.93 in inside surface of tire tread. For weathered granite soil the ratio of interface friction angle was 0.98 and 0.92 for outside and inside of tread, respectively. Also tensile tests were performed using universal testing machine for the connection joint of treads and Tirecell units using bolts. The tensile strength of connection joint increased with the number of bolts and with the sizes of washers. Connection by polypropylene ropes showed lower strength than those of bolts.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2008

This study deals with the friction welding of SKH55 and SM45C; The friction time was variable conditions under the conditions of spindle revolution 2,000rpm, friction pressure of 190MPa, upset pressure of 270MPa and upset time of 2.0 seconds. Under these conditions, the microstructure of weld interface, tensile fracture surface and mechanical tests were studied, and so the results were as follows. 1. When the friction time is 1.0 seconds, the tensile strength of friction welds was 926MPa, which is around as much as 84% of the tensile strength of base metal(SKH55), the bending strength of friction welds was 1,542MPa, which is around as much as 80% of the bending strength of base metal(SKH55), the shear strength of friction welds was 519MPa, which is around as much as 70% of the shear strength of base metal(SKH55). 2 According to the hardness test, the hardness distribution of the weld interface was formed from 964Hv to 254Hv. HAZ(Heat Affected Zone) was formed from the weld interface to 1.5mm of SKH55 and 2mm of SM45C.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.936-946
• /
• 2005

The liquid nitrogen as an environmentally safe coolant has been widely recognized in cryo­genic machining, its function as a lubricant is plausible due to its chemical inertness, physical volatility and low viscosity. Since a reduced friction is a direct witness of the lubrication effect from a tribological viewpoint, this paper presents an evaluation of the apparent friction coefficient on the tool-chip interface in cryogenic cutting operations to prove and characterize the lubricity of LN2 in cryogenic machining. The cryogenic cutting technology used in this study is based on a cooling approach and liquid nitrogen delivery system which are intended to apply liquid nitrogen in well-controlled fine jets to selectively localized cutting zones and to penetrate liquid nitrogen to the tool-chip interface. It has been found that the apparent friction coefficient can be significantly reduced in cryogenic machining, depending on the approach of liquid nitrogen delivery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.241-245
• /
• 2000

In this paper, the results of the direct shear interface friction test is introduced to understand interface friction between geosynthetic materials that are required for analyzing slope stability of the liner system of waste landfills. Tensile stresses that occur in a liner system due to differential settlement with waste load are estimated using FLAC. It was shown that HDPE/geocomposite inteface friction angle is 11.9$^{\circ}$, HDPE/wastes is 12.0$^{\circ}$ and geotextile/wastes is 28.0$^{\circ}$. Tensile stress due to settlement in a foundation of landfill is well within the limits of tensile strength regulated by waste treatment law.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2009.09a
• /
• pp.1540-1549
• /
• 2009

Shear properties of geosynthetic/geosynthetic and geosynthetic/soil were evaluated from direct shear tests. The type of geosynthetic is Velcro which is effective for geosynthetic interface and make up for the weakness of sandbag. In this study, the cohesion and the angle of internal friction of each interface was estimated. The test results showed that the cohesion and the angle of internal friction of the geosynthetics depended on the amount of normal stress, the type of the geosynthetics used, and combinations of the geosynthetics and soils. Finally, by comparing the apparent cohesion and the friction angle of the geosynthetics, the applicability to design was identified.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 2012

The microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir welded lap joints of Inconel 600 and SS 400 were evaluated; friction stir welding was carried out at a tool rotation speed of 200 rpm and welding speed of 100 mm/min. Electron back-scattering diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were introduced to analyze the grain boundary characteristics and the precipitates, respectively. Application of friction stir welding was notably effective at reducing the grain size of the stir zone. As a result, the reduced average grain size of Inconel 600 ranged from $20{\mu}m$ in the base material to $8.5{\mu}m$ in the stir zone. The joint interface between Inconel 600 and SS 400 showed a sound weld without voids and cracks, and MC carbides with a size of around 50 nm were partially formed at the Inconel 600 area of lap joint interface. However, the intermetallic compounds that lead to mechanical property degradation of the welds were not formed at the joint interface. Also, a hook, along the Inconel 600 alloy from SS 400, was formed at the advancing side, which directly brought about an increase in the peel strength. In this study, we systematically discussed the evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of the friction stir lap joint between Inconel 600 and SS 400.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 2000.06a
• /
• pp.24-33
• /
• 2000

The effect of particulate contamination on friction and wear between a negative-pressure picoslider / tri-pad nanoslider and laser-textured disk was studied. Particles of different concentration were injected at the head-disk interface consisting of disks with various textures and slider types at different speed. Durability increased and coefficient of friction decreased as the disk speed increased in a contaminated environment. Frictional characteristics and durability in the data zone were better for those of the laser-textured zone. It was also found that durability of head-disk interface (HDI)decreased as the particle concentration increased. The interface durability with a picoslider was better than that with a nanoslider at any condition in a contaminated environment. Based on the test results, mechanisms were proposed to explain the reasons why durability with a picoslider was superior to that with a nanoslider.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.469-476
• /
• 2000

The effect of particulate contamination on the friction and wear between a negative-pressure picoslider/tri-pad nanoslider and laser-textured disk was studied. Particles of different concentration were injected at the head-disk interface consisting of disks with various textures and slider types at different speed. Durability increased and coefficient of friction decreased as the disk speed increased in a contaminated environment. Frictional characteristics and durability in the data Bone were better than those in the laser-textured zone. It was also found that durability of head-disk interface (HDI) decreased as the particle concentration increased. The interface durability with a picoslider was better than that with a nanoslider at any condition in a contaminated environment. Based on the test results, mechanisms were proposed to explain the reasons why durability with a picoslider was superior to that with a nanoslider.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 1997

In recent years the recording density of hard disk has been increasing largely due to the decreasing flying height of head. However, as the flying height is decreased the reliability issue becomes ever more critical. This is because the reliability and durability of hard disk is related to the head/disk interaction as the two components come into partial or full contact. In this work characteristics of friction and stiction in head/disk interface was investigated using constant speed drag test and CSS(contact-start-stop) test. The purpose of this research is to identify the frictional properties of head/disk interface