• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.7 no.9
• /
• pp.833-840
• /
• 2017

This study was attempted to explore in depth the education of cultural diversity in the curriculum and textbooks of middle school according to [1] As a result, the educational goals in the curriculum emphasized[2] the realization of the meaning and value of cultural diversity education reflecting the global citizen education in various time, space background and socio-cultural context. The purpose of the curriculum guidelines is specified, and the following is given: "To properly recognize the diversity of the world culture; To acquire knowledge on cultural diversity; To grasp important functions in the city life, and to have attitudes and qualities required as members of the world, and to develop a pluralistic literacy ability''. In the textbooks, the subjects of the cultural diversity education are mainly based on the curriculum standards, the education area of the 7th grade is the 'human community life', the education area of the 8th grade is the origin and development of the Chinese civilization, Suggesting the scope of the theme 'harmonious coexistence with the world'. In order to analyze cultural diversity education in response to the demands of the times, we analyzed three factors such as diversity, identity, and interrelationship.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2017

Purpose - In recent years, research has been conducted on the conflict resolution strategies of the franchise headquarters and the franchisees, but there is a lack of research on the factors of conflict due to the intrinsic structure, such as interdependence or hierarchical relationship, and behavioral analysis to reduce the conflict. In this study, we analyze the relationship between satisfaction and trust formed in the process and result of the business, and the result of action to dissolution intention. Research design, data, methodology - For these purposes, the author developed the proposed model and several hypotheses. In this model, conflict resolution strategies consist of five dimensions such as avoiding, forcing, cooperating, obliging, and compromising strategy. And, this model proposed that onflict resolution strategies are antecedents of procedure quality, behaviour quality and dissolution intention are consequences of conflict resolution strategies. The data were collected from April 1 to April 15, 2013. Because this study examined franchise industries from the franchisee perspective, we contacted franchisee store owner and managers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Interviewers trained contacted a total of 483 franchisees, and 400 franchisees responded. Out of 400 respondents, 2 respondents were deleted due to missing information. Thus, a total of 398 franchisee were used for this study. he data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equational modeling with SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 statistical program. Results - The findings can be summarized as follows: First, franchisor conflict resolution activities have significant effects on procedure quality. Second, procedure quality has a significant effect on behavior quality. Finally, behavior quality has a significant effect on dissolution intention. Conclusions - In this study, we investigated the relationship between conflict resolution behavior, procedural quality, behavior quality and dissolution intention. As a result, the franchisers should strive to resolve conflicts not only in solving simple problems with franchisees, but also in a longer term perspective. We also found that the procedural aspects of resolving conflicts should not be ignored. If the trust and satisfaction of each other increase during the process of resolving the conflict, it will positively affect the satisfaction and trust in resolving the conflict. This is also because it serves to lower the intention of termination. However, there is a limitation that it is targeted only to the restaurant franchise, and it is necessary to study the conflict resolution behavior depending on the type of conflict.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.469-493
• /
• 2011

This paper attempts to examine the economic impact of technological barrier to trade(TBT) between Korea and China by using international input-output approach. With the tariff/quota reduced or eliminated since WTO's launch, the interest in TBT as a non-tariff barrier has been increased, and then there have so far been a large number of empirical studies on quantifying its effect in foreign. But still this area of study in Korea is limited in the literature survey. In encouraged in this situation, focusing on bilateral trade between Korea and China, which has been significantly increased in recent years, we have tried to estimates the impact of TBT on their output and employment. We use Asian International Input-Output Table(AIIO) for the year 2000 published by IDE-JETRO, and also use the estimated sectoral TBT provided by Ha et al.(2010). According to the result, there will be generated $3.63 billions values in outputs, and 18.1 millions persons in employments at most. And also we found that there is weak interdependence in sectoral and spatial linkage between two countries.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.34-48
• /
• 2024

As global supply chain risks proliferate unpredictably, the high interdependence of port and logistics industry intensifies the risk burden. This study conducted fundamental research to explore diverse safety issues in domestic ports. Utilizing news article data about Busan Port, we employed LDA topic modeling and time-series linear regression to understand key safety trends. Over the past 30 years, Busan Port faced nine major safety issues-maritime safety, import cargo inspection, labor strikes, and natural disasters emerged cyclically. Major port safety issues in Busan Port are primarily characterized by an unpredictable nature, falling under socio-environmental and natural phenomena types, indicating a significant impact of global uncertainty. Therefore, systematic policies need to be formulated based on identified port safety issues to enhance port safety in Busan Port. Additionally, there is a need to strengthen the resilience of port safety for unpredictable risk situations. In conclusion, advanced research activities are necessary to promote port safety enhancement in response to dynamically changing social conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.35-56
• /
• 1995

During the last two decades, Korea has achieved remarkable economic growth. In this process the nation has become urbanized and industrialized. But we have also encountered widening regional disparity, housing shortage of larger cities, transportation congestion, environmental pollution and many other problems. Rapid increasing urbanization and continuous migration toward Seoul since the late 1960s have been one of the major concerns of government. Government has sought ways to moderate the population increase in Seoul. The regulation which include new town development near Seoul and dispersion strategies of higher education and other administration and living facilities outside of Seoul havemade a great expansion of the spatial influence of Seoul city. Seoul metropolitan reaion has evolved as the most powerful center of political and economical spaces. Generally within a metropolitan region, there exists a growing mutual interdependence economically, as well as socially between a central city and its surrounding area. Seoul metropolitan region manifests itself not only as a coherent system of urbanized regions, but also as an integral part of the daily urban system. The surrounding Gyunggi province and Seoul city become closely linked both economically and functionally, constituting true functlonai urban system. This study is primarily undertaken with the purpose of delineation of the sphere of influence of Seoul city in 1990. At the time of 1985, Seoul metropolitan region was delineated according to the result of the study which was performed by Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements. Afterward, the rapid speed of metropolitanization process with dramatic increase in mobility through the provision of wider transportation system across the Capital region have evolved, resulting in the great expansion of the spatial influence of Seoul city. So this study examines the expanded area of Seoul metropolitan regin during the period of 1985-90. In order to delineate Seoul metropolitan region, the indices of urbanization and functional linkage are selected. Variables included in the measurement of the urbanization level are agricultural structure, population characteristics, manufacturing and service industries, and cultural aspects such as newspaper circulation, the ratio of car ownership and piped water supply. Variables included in the measurement of functional linkage are commuting, shopping pattern, centralized service such as medical facilities and trade of agricultural products. The standardization method and factor analysis are employed in making the delineation of Seoul metropolitan region. According to the result of this study, 2 cities, 8 Eups and 46 Myuns are included Seoul metropolitan region in 1990. If we compare this delineated area in 1990 to that of 1985, we can find the distinctive pattern of expanded axes according to the main transportation routes such as Seoul-Suweon, Seoul-Gwangju, Seoul-Incheon. In 199O, all the Gyunggi province, except a few Myuns located at the north and northwest part of Gyunggi province, are included in Seoul metropolitan region. Furthermore, this study attempts to the analysis of regional structure of Seoul metropolitan region according to the functional characteristics of each city and Gun. Variables included in this analysis are the new residential function, manufacturing function, service function, education and infermation function, public facility function and agricultural function. Factor analysis and cluster analysis are employed in making regionalization. Seoul metropolitan reaion is subdivided into four subregions which reflect different functional specialization. The first group is the specialized region of newly formed residential function. The second group is the specialized reaion of manufacturing function. The third group is the specialized region of service function. And the fourth group has little specialized in terms of manufacturing, service, and residential function. But this region has some potentiality of development when Seoul metropolitan region grow continuously. Seoul metropolitan region accounted for 43% of national population, despite 11.8% of national land size in 1990. Although Seoul metropolitan region enjoys important agglomeration economies, it also has huge social cost in the form of transportation congestion, housing shortage, rapid increase of land value, environment pollution, and etc. Efficient metropolitan plan making is a vital element in promoting Seoul's economic development and providing high quality living environment at low cost. In the light of the result of this study, the outer ring of Seoul metropolitan region, especially northeastern part, are underdeveloped compared to overdeveloped southwestern area. It is needed to develop the guidelines for the implement of the growth control and management plan, inducing more balanced development for whole Seoul metropolitan reaion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.30-41
• /
• 1976

The workers involved in breeding the growth of forest trees as well as in the efficiency of breeding work wish to find out the evidence that juvenile-mature correlations are high and that therefore early tests can be profitably employed in relation work. Juvenile-mature correlation denotes in general sense the interdependence between qualitative or quantitative data collected at different intervals during the life cycle. The correlation can also be obtained through the stem analysis if there is the possibility of cutting sample trees needed amount. In the present study, the juvenile-mature correlation coefficients are calculated from the stem analysis data. The every possible values of correlation coefficient between the 5-year age groups as to diameter, height, and volume growth of Pinus koraiensis S. et Z. and Larix leptolepis Gord. grown in the middle district of Korea were calculated. All the sample trees were cut from the man made plantation. The correlation coefficients are presented in tables and figures. In Pinus koraiensis S. et Z., the values of correlation coefficient between the successive age groups of heights growth are lower in general than those values pertaining to diameter growth. This tendencies are indifferent to site quality. In Larix leptolepis Gord., the values were lower thant these of Pinus koraiensis S.etZ. In any species and characteristics studied, the implications that at least 15 years growth character are related to 35 or 40 years size with reliability could be deduced. Through the relative ranking studies of diameter, height and volume growth of Larix leptolepis Gord., the large varieties among individual trees are appeared during 5-year to 35 year old.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.360-376
• /
• 2001

This qualitative research investigated in-service science teachers' perceptions about cooperative learning and their perceived barriers in implementing cooperative learning in their classrooms. The underlying premise for cooperative learning is founded in constructivist epistemology. Cooperative learning (CL) is presented as an alternative frame to the current educational system which emphasizes content memorization and individual student performance through competition. An in-depth interview was conducted with 18 in-service science teachers who enrolled in the first-class teacher certification program during 2001 summer vacation. These secondary school teachers's interview data were analyzed and categorized into three areas: teachers' definition of cooperative learning, issues with implementing cooperative learning in classrooms, and teachers' and students' responses towards cooperative learning. Each of these areas are further subdivided into 10 themes: teachers' perceived meaning of cooperative learning, the importance of talk in learning, when to use cooperative learning, how to end a cooperative class, how to group students for cooperative learning, obstacles to implementing cooperative learning, students' reactions to cooperative learning, teachers' reasons for choosing (not choosing) student-centered approaches to learning/teaching, characteristics of teachers who use cooperative learning methods, and teachers' reasons for resisting cooperative learning. Detailed descriptions of the teachers' responses and discussion on each category are provided. For the development and implementation of CL in more classrooms, there should be changes and supports in the following five areas: (1) teachers have to examine their pedagogical beliefs toward constructivist perspectives, (2) teacher (re)education programs have to provide teachers with cooperative learning opportunities in methods courses, (3) students' understanding of their changed roles (4) supports in light of curriculum materials and instructional resources, (5) supports in terms of facilities and administrators. It's important to remember that cooperative learning is not a panacea for all instructional problems. It's only one way of teaching and learning, useful for specific kinds of teaching goals and especially relevant for classrooms with a wide mix of student academic skills. Suggestions for further research are also provided.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.155-177
• /
• 2019

The study aims to develop a teaching-learning plan that can solve the problem of the clothing and textiles area faced by the teenager as course of critical science perspective improving the empowerment. As a research method, it was conceptualized by applying the Laster(1986)'s curriculum development process. And it was applied to the conceptual framework of practical reasoning presented in: "Family, Food and Society A Teacher's guide" (Staaland & Storm, 1996). The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, based on the results of reviewing literature related to the clothing and textiles area, ongoing concerns related to the clothing and textiles is "Should we do with regard to clothing and textiles for families in the community? The valued ends is defined as a complex position with a high degree of freedom and a high responsibility, and the goal of learning is interdependence, emotional maturity, intellectual development, and communication ability. For the contents of education and activity structure, practical reasoning process was used as conceptual framework of education contents, and included sub-concerns, broad concepts, sub-concepts and intellectual and social skills. Second, based on the practical reasoning, we developed a teaching and learning plan in the clothing and textiles. As a result, a total of 12 plan of 5 modules were developed. And were developed a total of 31 tutorials, reading materials, picture materials, group activities, and video materials. The results of this study can be applied to teachers who want to try out practical inference process in class or teachers who have difficulty in practicing reasoning process in the field.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.48
• /
• pp.361-389
• /
• 2017

This essay examines 'precarity politics' by Judith Butler, a well-known gender theorist and queer philosopher, in Notes Towards a Performative Theory of Assembly (2015) focused on concepts as unchosen cohabitation of Hannah Arendt and unwilled proximity of Emmanuel Levinas. Butler's precarity politics is the condition of our dispossessed political beings with fundamental vulnerability and interdependency that cannot choose with whom we will live on this Earth. Butler's political ethics is twofold: on one hand, she examines significance of 'action'' the most significant vita activa in the public area, and 'plurality'' the condition-not only the necessary condition but the possible condition-for a political life suggested by Hannah Arendt in Human Condition; on the other hand, Butler reflects upon global precarity based on a diasporic precarious life in the social world towards freedom and equality. Unchosen cohabitation of plural humans on Earth, and global pervasion of precarity, that indicates "politically induced condition in which certain populations suffer from failing social and economic networks of support and become differentially exposed to injury, violence, and death," so called "differential distribution of precariousness," are practical possibilities of ethical and equal cohabitation of different ethnic groups in the social world. Ethical obligations or ethical demand to respond to others' suffering in distance and proximity originated from precarity politics, mentioned in Precarious Life, Parting Ways, and Frames of War, could be non-foundational joint of plural people living together globally. We should presume the 'reversibility' of distance and proximity in others' suffering, based on responsiveness and responsibility of others, if we want to stay attuned to the pain of others we never chose to live together. That is the significance of Butler's 'precarity politics' with 'ethical obligation' to accept 'unchosen plurality' of living population on Earth, and 'reversibility between of distance and proximity,' in her 'new plural and embodied body politics' or 'new corporeal ontology', through human primary vulnerability, fundamental interdependency, being exposed and responsive to suffering of others.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.169-206
• /
• 2019

This article seeks to explore new relationships and ethics of human and technology by analyzing a cultural imaginary produced by artificial intelligence. Drawing on theoretical reflections of the Feminist Scientific and Technological Studies which understand science and technology as the matter of care(Puig de la Bellacas, 2011), this paper focuses on the fact that artificial intelligence and robots materialize cultural imaginary such as autonomy. This autonomy, defined as the capacity to adapt to a new environment through self-learning, is accepted as a way to conceptualize an authentic human or an ideal subject. However, this article argues that artificial intelligence is mediated by and dependent on invisible human labor and complex material devices, suggesting that such autonomy is close to fiction. The recent growth of the so-called 'assistant technology' shows that it is differentially visualizing the care work of both machines and humans. Technology and its cultural imaginary hide the care work of human workers and actively visualize the one of the machine. And they make autonomy and agency ideal humanness, leaving disabled bodies and dependency as unworthy. Artificial intelligence and its cultural imaginary negate the value of disabled bodies while idealizing abled-bodies, and result in eliminating the real relationship between man and technology as mutually dependent beings. In conclusion, the author argues that the technology we need is not the one to exclude the non-typical bodies and care work of others, but the one to include them as they are. This technology responsibly empathizes marginalized beings and encourages solidarity between fragile beings. Inspired by an art performance of artist Sue Austin, the author finally comes up with and suggests 'artificial intelligence in wheelchair' as an alternative figuration for the currently dominant 'autonomous artificial intelligence'.