• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2015

PURPOSES : The noise, which is typically generated by fast moving vehicles, can be intercepted by installing a noise barrier with a soundproof panel. However, reflections from the panels cause secondary noise, and hence lower the effectiveness of the panels. In this study, the reduction of reflection noise by considering the shape, especially zigzag one, of the soundproof panel have been evaluated. METHODS : The simulation model used in this study was Nord2000, which simulates real-road situations effectively. Based on the simulation results, the joining angle of $133^{\circ}$ with the pattern width (a) equal to 2 m and the projection height (b) equal to 0.5 m was adapted in the zigzag shape as the best profit designing factors. RESULTS: The measuring results at middle height, 15 m showed reduction at all points except the point with average -1.6 dB. At a greater height of 30 m, 2 points showed reduction. A real-sized facility was constructed to investigate the reflected sound from a zigzag shaped panel up to the height of 5 m. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction effects were detected in all the receive points in the range of 2-6 m distances and 1-5 m heights comparing the plane panel. Compared to plane panel, the noises are reduced at an average of 2.4 dBA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.78-85
• /
• 1994

The author carried out an experiment to find out the response of Striped puffer. Fugu xanthoperus (Temminck et Schlegel) to the color lights. The experimental tank (300L$\times$50W$\times$50Hcm) was set up in a dark room. Six longitudinal sections with 60cm intervals are marked in the tank to observe the location of the fish. Water depth in the tank was kept 50cm level. Light bulbs of 20W at the both ends of the tank projected the light horizontally into the tank. Two different colored filters were selected from four colors of red, blue, yellow, and white, and the were placed in front of the light bulbs to make different colors of light. Light intensity was controlled by use of auxiliary filiters intercepted between the bulb and the filter. The fishes were acclimatized in the dark for 60 minutes before they were employed in the experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times in 30 second intervals, and the mean of the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times in 30 second intervals, and the mean of the number of fish in each section was given as the gathering rate of the fish. The colors favourited by the fish was found in order of blue, yellow, white and red in the daytime, and blue, white, yellow and red at night. The difference of the average distribution on two different colors of light was 13.12%(4.10-26.55%), and the difference in the daytime(14.79%) was larger than at night (11.45%). Constantly the gathering rate of fish on illumination period was fluctuated with instability. As the gathering rate of fish on illumination period was fluctuated with instability. As the gathering rate on one color of light increased, the gathering rate on the other color of light decreased. The difference of the gathering rate on two different colors of light was comparatively distinct and the difference in the daytime was larger than at night.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 1984

The author carried out an experiment to find out the response of rock trout, Hexagrammos otakii (Jordan et starks) to the color lights. The experimental tank (360L$\times$50W$\times$55H cm) was set up in a dark room. Six longitudinal sections with 60cm intervals are marked in the tank to observe the loction of the fish. Water depth in the tank was kept 50cm level. Light bulbs of 20W at the both ends of the tank projected the light horizontally into the tank. Two different colored filters were selected from four colors of red, blue, yellow, and white, and they were placed in front of the light bulbs to make different colors of light. Light intensity were controlled by use of auxiliary filters intercepted between the bulb and the filter. The fishes were acclimatized in the dark for 50 minutes before they were 3employed in the experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times in 30 second intervals, and the mean of the number of fish in each section was given as the gathering rate of the fish. The colors favourited by the fish was found in the order of white, yellow, red and blue in day time, and red, yellow, blue and white at night time. The gathering rate of fish on illumination period was small and comparatively fluctuated with stability. The difference of the gathering rates on two different colors of light was great.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2013

Fog deposition onto the cool-temperate deciduous forest around Lake Mashu in northern Japan was estimated by the inferential method using the parameterizations of deposition velocity and liquid water content of fog (LWC). Two parameterizations of fog deposition velocity derived from field experiments in Europe and numerical simulations using a detailed multi-layer atmosphere-vegetation-soil model were tested. The empirical function between horizontal visibility (VIS) and LWC was applied to produce hourly LWC as an input data for the inferential method. Weekly mean LWC computed from VIS had a good correlation with LWC sampled by an active string-fog collector. By considering the enhancement of fog deposition due to the edge effect, fog deposition calculated by the inferential method using two parameterizations of deposition velocity agreed with that computed from throughfall data. The results indicated that the inferential method using the current parameterizations of deposition velocity and LWC can provide a rough estimation of water input due to fog deposition onto cool-temperature deciduous forests. Limitations of current parameterizations of deposition velocity related to wind speed, evaporation loss of rain and fog droplets intercepted by tree canopies, and leaf area index were discussed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.175-182
• /
• 2010

North American ginseng seedlings (Panax quinquefolius L.) were grown in pots in heated greenhouses, in a cool greenhouse, or in the field, in 11 experiments at various times over 16 years. Crop establishment, dry matter partitioning, photosynthesis, radiation use efficiency and carbon budget were measured and/or calculated in some years. Once the seedling canopy, of about $20\;cm^2$ per seedling, and a leaf area index of 0.37, was established, about 40 days after germination, full canopy display lasted about 87 days. Only 16.6% of the incoming solar radiation was intercepted by the crop, the remainder falling on the mulched soil surface. Total and root dry matter accumulations in the cool greenhouse and in the field were about double that in the heated greenhouses. Partitioning of dry matter to roots (economic yield or harvest index) in the cool greenhouse and in the field was 73% whereas it was 62.5% in the heated greenhouses. The relationship between root dry matter and radiation interception during the full canopy period was linear with growth efficiencies of $2.92\;mg\;MJ^{-1}$ at 4.8% of incoming radiation and $0.30\;mg\;MJ^{-1}$ at 68% of incoming radiation. A photosynthetic rate of $0.39\;g\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ was attained at light saturation of about $150\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ (7.5% of full sunlight); dark respiration was $0.03\;g\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$, about 8.5% of maximum assimilation rate. Estimates of dry matter accumulation by growth analysis and by $CO_2$ uptake were similar, 6.21 vs. 7.62 mg $CO_2$, despite several assumptions in $CO_2$ uptake calculations.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.16 no.3_2
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyse Modus Operandi of smishing. For the study, 87 cases of smishing crime reports and smishing experiences of victims were analysed and 10 police officers who investigates smishing crime were interviewed. The results indicated that smishing crime can be divided into the preparation stage and the implementation stage. In the preparation stage, two modus operandi patterns, collection of personal information and text message script composition, were identified. In the implementation stage, seven modus operandi patterns were identified: sending smishing text messages and installation of malicious mobile applications, leak personal information, sending personal information to smishing crime organization through online server, payment attempt using collected personal information, intercept authorization code, completion of payment using intercepted authorization code, and payment amount was delivered to victims. Further implications were discussed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.371-374
• /
• 2010

The blossom midge, Contarinia maculipennis Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) originated in Southeast Asia and is present in Japan, the continental USA, and Hawaii. Recently, C. maculipennis was intercepted in Japan, USA and the Netherlands by using orchid flowers imported from Southeast Asian countries. This pest is designated as a quarantine pest in Korea because of its potential damages to vegetables and ornamental plants. In Korea, similar symptoms of damage, which mighty be caused by C. maculipennis, have been investigated in western orchids, especially on Dendrobium phalaenopsis, from Mid-2000s. Official recognition was given to C. maculipennis in 2007, followed by an investigation on the occurrences of C. maculipennis and its damages, mainly on D. phalaenopsis, in 2008~2009. We emphasize caution concerning the possibilities that C. maculipennis could infest flower buds of orchids and carry out management strategies for this pest in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2002

This experimental study represents the results of an analysis on the characteristics of flux density distributions in the focal region of solar concentrator. The characteristics of flux density distributions are investigated to optimally design and position a cavity receiver. This deemed very useful to find and correct various errors associated with a dish concentrator. We estimated the flux density distribution on the target placed along with focal lengths from the dish vertex to experimentally determine the focal length. It is observed that the actual focal point exists when the focal length is 2.17 m. We also evaluated the position of flux centroid, and it was found that there were errors within 2 cm from the target center. The total integrated power of 2467 W was measured under focal flux distributions, which corresponds to the intercept rate of 85.8%. As a result of the percent power within radius, approximately 90% of the incident radiation is intercepted by about 0.06 m radius.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.677-684
• /
• 2003

IETF's Mobile IP protocol allows Mobile Node(MN) to keep connection to Correspondent Node(CN) no matter what the MN changes its point of attachment to the Internet. However, the protocol incurs triangle routing problem, because all packets for the MN are routed through its Home Agent(HA). Route optimization mechanism is proposed by IETF in order to resolve triangle routing problem, but it requires that any node in the Internet should also implement route optimization mechanism. In this paper, we propose a new route optimization algorithm. With the algorithm, routers between HA and CN are considered as Intermediate Agent(IA), and packets transmitted by CN are not forwarded to HA but intercepted by IA and tunneled to MN directly.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.247-251
• /
• 2009

To estimate the effect of rainfall on soil respiration, soil $CO_2$ efflux was measured with a manipulation of rainfall interception at a broad-leaved deciduous forest in western Japan from 20 February to 19 November 2001. The diurnal patterns of soil respiration observed at the intercepted subplot ($F_c$) were quite similar to those of soil temperature at 0.2 m depth with a maximum around midnight and a minimum from noon to early afternoon. Such diurnal patterns have not been observed in the previous studies at the same study site under natural conditions (which manifested no clear diurnal variations). Furthermore, the magnitudes of $F_c$ showed substantial differences (e.g., ~50% reduction under water-limited conditions) compared to those of the potential soil respiration under natural conditions ($F_{cal}$). These findings demonstrate that rainfall events not only affected the magnitude of soil $CO_2$ efflux but also modified the vertical structure of soil temperature, thereby altering diurnal patterns of soil respiration.