• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2014

Purpose: In this study, we attempted to provide an evidence for the effects of meridian acupressure on relieving and preventing constipation in the institutionalized elderly. Methods: The research design was a non-equivalent control group, non-synchronized design. The subjects consisted of 31 institutionalized elderly (experimental group: 16, control group: 15). The experimental group was given meridian acupressure for 10 minutes daily for 2 weeks. The data was analyzed by the ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The number of bowel movements per week of the experimental and control group performed meridian acupressure verified by repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that interaction existed between the meridian acupressure availability and the measurement point (F=98.183, p<.001). Repeated measures analysis of variance to compare the changes in Bristol stool form scale scores of the experimental and control group performed meridian acupressure revealed that interaction existed between the meridian acupressure availability and the measurement point (F=48.896, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show the meridian acupressure is a useful nursing intervention on constipation in the institutionalized elderly.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.567-572
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of counter ion valency of the electrolyte on the colloidal repulsion between two parallel cylindrical particles were investigated. Electrostatic interactions of the cylindrical particles were calculated with the variation of counter ion valency. To calculate the electrical repulsive energy working between these two cylindrical particles, Derjaguin approximation was applied. The electrostatic potential profiles were obtained numerically by solving nonlinear Poission-Boltzmann (P-B) equation and calculating middle point potential and repulsive energy working between interacting surfaces. The electrical potential and repulsive energy were influenced by counter ion valency, Debye length, and surface potential. The potential profile and middle point potential decayed with the counter ion valency due to the promoted shielding of electrical charge. On the while, the repulsive energy increased with the counter ion valency at a short separation distance. These behaviors of electrostatic interaction agreed with previous results on planar or spherical surfaces.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 1977

For the metal complex of $d^1$ configuration with the octahedrally coordinated ligands, the crystal field parameter, 10Dq, is calculated from first principles within the framework of the crystal field theory. With the point charge model, the configuration interaction is introduced by use of the Shull-L$\"{o}$wdin functions. Through the Integral Hellmann-Feynman Theorem, the higher order effect is visualized. It is found that the higher order effect on 10Dq is about $50{\%}$ of the first order effect. Since 3d function is angularly undistorted and radially equally distorted in $E_g\;and\;T_{2g}$ states, due to the octahedral potential, the calculated 10Dq is still the unique parameter for the splitting.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.518-525
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• 1997

A series of measurements and visualization to investigate the interaction of water sprays with pool fires is presented. Fire source is a small-scale pool burner with methanol, ethanol and gasoline. Measurements of temperatures, $O_2$, $CO_2$, and CO concentrations along the plume centerline are carried out to observe pool fire structures without water sprays. Visualization by the Ar-ion laser sheet shows flow pattern of droplets of the sprays above the pool fires. It is observed that in the case of methanol and ethanol, water sprays continuously penetrate into the center of fuel surfaces. The gasoline pool fire allows intermittent penetration of water sprays because of pulsating characteristics of the gasoline flame. To evaluate the cooling effect of the fuel surface by the sprays, the temperature was measured at the fuel surface. As soon as the mists reach the fuel surface of methanol and ethanol, the temperatures of the fuel surface decrease rapidly below the boiling point, and then the fires are extinguished. Due to the application of mist upon the gasoline fire, though the fuel temperature decrease abruptly at the time of the injection, such a rapid decrease do not continue till the extinction point.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 2023

Having pet is one of the activities people living in modern society do to relieve stress and find peace of mind. Currently, the object of companion animals has moved beyond being a real 'living entity' and has developed to a stage where the animal's upbringing process can be enjoyed in a virtual space by being programmed in digital content. This paper studies detailed elements such as character design, interaction, and realism of 'Tamagotchi (1996)', which can be said to be the beginning of digital training content, and 'Peridot (2023)', a recently introduced augmented reality-based training content. The point was that it was training content using portable electronic devices. However, while the environment in the electronic device in which Tamagotchi's character exists was a simple black and white screen, the environment in which Peridot's character operates has been changed to the real world projected on the screen based on augmented reality. Mutual communication with characters in Tamagotchi remained a response to pressing buttons, but in Peridot, it has advanced to the point where you can pet the characters by touching the smartphone screen. In addition, through object and step recognition, it was confirmed that the sense of reality had become more realistic, with toys thrown by users on the screen bouncing off real objects. We hope that this research material will serve as a useful reference for the development of digital training content to be developed in the near future.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.91 no.5
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• pp.517-526
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• 2024

Due to the asymmetric cross-section of unequal-angle steel, the application of loads can induce axial rotation, leading to a series of buckling failure behaviors. Special attention must be paid during the design process. The present study aims to analyze the structural behavior of asymmetric steel angle members under various eccentric loading conditions, considering the complex biaxial bending interaction that arises when the angle steel is connected to the panel. Several key factors are investigated in this paper, including the effects of uniaxial and biaxial eccentricity on the structural behavior and the eccentric axial compression strength of long and short legs at different load application points. Potential risks associated with the specified load points, based on the AISC specifications, are also discussed. The study observed that the strength values of the members exhibited significant changes when the eccentric load deviates from the specified point. The relative position of the eccentric load point and the slenderness ratio of the member are critical influencing factors. Overall, this research intends to enhance the accuracy and reliability of strength analysis methods for asymmetric single angle steel members, providing valuable insights and guidance for a safer and more efficient design.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.169-182
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• 2012

This study examines the co-evolutionary process between open innovation and firms' absorptive capacity. The effects of open innovation can be maximized through the capacity to absorb the knowledge from the external sources such as universities, government-support research institute, and private R&D centers. This study used data of STEPI technology innovation survey conducted at 2002, 2005, and 2008 (3 points measures). The data were analyzed through a structural equation model. Results suggest that open innovation at t0 point influences positively the absorptive capacity at t1 point, which subsequently enhances the intention of open innovation at t2 point. This result suggests the existence of co-evolutionary process between open innovation and firms' absorptive capacity. When knowledge comes from universities, the co-evolution has sustained; whereas when knowledge comes from private firms' R&D centers, the co-evolution has not effected. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.70-75
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• 2007

본 논문은 연결정보(connectivity) 및 미리 계산된 계층적 데이터 구조(hierarchical data structure)를 이용하지 않는 그래픽 및 햅틱 렌더링 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 점 기반 그래픽 표현(point-based graphic representation) 기법을 이용하여 3차원 자유 곡면을 생성한다. 생성된 점 기반 곡면 물체와의 햅틱 상호작용을 위해 그래픽 하드웨어(GPU)에 접근하여 점 기반 곡면에서 생성된 깊이 이미지(depth image)를 이용하여 햅틱 상호작용에 필수 요소인 충돌검출(collision detection) 및 반력 연산(contact force computation)을 수행한다.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.419-426
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• 2003

Simplified modeling approach for the seismic behavior of a reinforced concrete bridge is investigated in this paper. For this purpose, a hysteretic axial-flexure interaction model was developed and implemented into a nonlinear finite element analysis program. Thus, the seismic response of reinforced concrete bridge piers was evaluated by the simplified point hinge representations. Comparative studies for reinforced concrete bridge piers indicated that the analytical predictions obtained with the new formulations showed a good correlation with experimental results. In addition, seismic response analysis of a reinforced concrete bridge utilizing the simplified point hinge model revealed the adequacy and applicability of the present development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 1990

A local Iribarren number is suggested for the universal use of breaker type classification, which relates the bed slope to the wave steepness, both being given from the breaking point. The existing Iribarren number uses the wave length at an offshore point, while the local Iribarren number uses the wave length at the breaking point so that it can imply any influences due to current interaction and diffraction. The modified form of Miche's breaking criterion includes 고 breaking parameter which may be related to the local Iribarren number. Using the modifiedform of Miche's criterion with the local Iribarren number, the inclusion of Doppler effect seems to describe well the wave breaking mechanism in a current-interacted flow on a sloping beach without any additional effects implemented.