• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.583-589
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• 1994

In order to study the interrelationships of calcium (0.45 vs. 0.90%), phosphorus (0.40 vs. 0.70%) and protein (17, 20, 23%), $2{\times}2{\times}3$ factorial design was employed. A total of 480 broilers (Hisex-Hibro) aged 3 days were fed the experimental diets for a period of 28 days. Body weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency were investigated for the simple effects, first order interaction and second order interaction of the dietary factors. These effects were also applied to bone ash retention, percent Ca in bone & ash, percent P in bone & ash, and protein utilizability. Results were as follows. 1) For body weight gain, simple effects of dietary levels of Ca, P, CP were found to be significant (p<0.05). Body weight gain at 0.90% Ca level was improved as the dietary CP levels increased. For the feed intake, single effects of dietary levels of both P and CP were found (p<0.05). Feed efficiency was improved as the dietary CP and P levels increased. Ca $\times$ P interaction was found to be significant for body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency (p<0.05), however, Ca $\times$ P $\times$ CP interaction effect was not found. 2) Protein utilizability decreased as the dietary CP level increased (p<0.01). 3) 0.90% Ca in diet showed less bone ash retention than 0.45% Ca level. And, increasing the dietary P level resulted in increased bone ash retention. Increasing the dietary P level resulted in increased bone Ca retention (p<0.01) and increased bone P retention (p<0.05). Dietary CP levels had significant (p<0.01) effect on bone Ca retention except for 23% CP level. Increasing the dietary Ca level resulted in wider Ca:P ratio of bone, but increasing the dietary P level resulted in narrower Ca:P ratio of bone. 4. Ca $\times$ P interaction effects were found to be significant (p<0.01) for bone ash, bone Ca & P, ash P content, and bone Ca:P ratio. Ca $\times$ P $\times$ CP interaction effects were found for bone ash (p<0.01), bone Ca (p<0.05) and bone P content (p<0.01).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.416-426
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• 2007

The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe antenatal depression and level of mother-fetal interaction, and to assess mother's behavior and feeling during mother-fetal interaction, in order to develop a base for nursing intervention programs for mothers who have antenatal depression. Method: Data were collected from 174 pregnant women who visited one public health center and OBGY clinic in Gangneung city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire to identify depression (BDI), and mother-fetal interaction. Results: Of the mothers 63.2% were in the normal range for antenatal depression, 21.3% in the mild group and 15.5% were in the moderate to severe group. For antenatal depression, there were significant differences among the income, planned pregnant, health status, marriage satisfaction, family support, husband's love. The mean for mother-fetal interaction was $29.88{\pm}4.91$. For mother-infant interaction, there were significant differences in education, income, pregnant number, delivery number, feeding plan, marriage satisfaction, family support, husband's love. There was a weak correlations between antenatal depression and mother-fetal interaction but it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Antenatal depression and mother-fetal interaction influence fetal development. It is essential to assess and provide immediate care to mothers who have antenatal depression and lower level mother-fetal Interaction.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.147-164
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study was to examine the trajectories of children's negative emotionality and mother's social parenting over a 3-year period (for children at ages 1-3) and to then analyze the bidirectional effects between the two variables. The longitudinal casual relationship among children's negative emotionality, mother's social parenting and peer interaction at age 3 was also examined. The data, taken from the Panel Study on Korean Children, were analyzed using latent growth modeling. The results were as follows. First, the level of negative emotionality was seen to have increased by 2 years of age, whereas the level of mother's social parenting decreased by this point. Second, higher initial negative emotionality predicted decreases in mother's social parenting, However, higher initial mother's social parenting predicted increases in children's negative emotionality. The initial level and slope of mothers' positive parenting predicted peer interaction at age 3, while only the slope of negative emotionality predicted peer interaction. These findings suggest that temperament and parenting predict changes in each other and peer interaction.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.106-123
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to study if the images that make-up advertisement tries to symbolize can be altered with changes only in the colors of make-up and without any changes in other factors and if colors can be tools of communication in image. Also, we studied the interaction between the partial changes of eyes and lips. The results are as follows. First, we studied if the images that make-up advertisement tries to symbolize can be altered with changes only in the colors of make-up and without any changes in other factors. The study revealed more or less differences, however, when we applied colors of each image on photos, people had higher recognition on that image more than other images. Therefore, we can conclude that the image can be changed merely with the change from colors of make-up. Second, we changed the make-up colors of lips and eyes separately and studied the interaction of the two. When natural colors and elegant color were applied, there was no interaction of color application between eyes and lips within 0.1 significance level. In the case of romantic colors, there was interaction of applying colors between lips and eyes within 0.1 significance level. When we applied gorgeous colors and modern colors, there was interaction of applying colors between lips and eyes within 0.1 significance level. Therefore, from the interaction of the two, it was recognized to be most gorgeous or most modern when gorgeous colors or modern colors were applied in both lips and eyes.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.430-440
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze student's metacognition interaction based on a robot lesson. For this research as an analytical metacognition interaction tool was utilized. The results of this study revealed that, first, elementary school students had more metacognition interaction in middle learning levels but middle school students had more in the low learning level. Second, in the low learning level, middle school students revised the initiated goal strategy of the robot lesson. Third, in all learning levels, students showed much diagnosis and assesment metacognition interaction in the robot lesson. According to this study's results, the robot lesson has a positive effect in facilitating diagnosis meta cognition for processing of task performance. These results could provide effective cues and information on how to improve the robot lesson.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2008

This study investigated parenting knowledge, interactions between mother and infant, and relationship between mother's parenting knowledge and mother-infant interaction by mothers' demographic variables. Subjects were 311 mothers. Instruments were the Knowledge of Child Development Inventory (Larsen & Juhasz, 1986) and the Assessment Profile for Early Childhood programs (Abbott-Shim & Sibely, 1987). Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Results showed (1) differences about parenting knowledge by mothers' employment status, age and education level, (2) differences in mother-infant interaction by mothers' age and education level, (3) parenting knowledge about physical development correlated positively with positive interaction, linguistic modeling, and sensitive response knowledge about linguistic and cognitive development had a large effect on positive mother-infant interaction and linguistic modeling.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2002

The purposes of the study were to investigate the effect of garment category, fashion-level and wearer's body type on the basis of temporal stability and to extend the contextual framework. The result was as follows 1) On the basis of temporal stability, Korean style, classic style, and large body type have more temporal stability than western style, fashionable style, normal body type. 2) On the basis of temporal stability of impression dimension, impression of appearance knave most temporal stability, next good-bad, next evaluation, next potency, and sociability. 3) In an interaction effect between measuring time and impression of evaluation, western, fashionable, classic style have the greatest interaction effect. In an interaction effect between measuring time and impression of appearance, western style, normal body type have the greatest interaction effect. In an interaction effect between measuring time and impression of good-bad, western, fashionable style have the greatest interaction effect. It is concluded that the results support the context framework on impression formation.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2006

In this paper, we investigate the inter-organizational information systems effect to supply chain partnerships, and subsequently to the performance. The conceptual model for the causal relationships among interorganizational systems usage, interaction, partnership, and supply chain performances has been developed. Theoretical framework is based on the partnership research in relationship marketing area, and the interaction model from IMP group. The questionnaires are designed to test the hypotheses of the conceptual model. The survey result supports our hypotheses that collaborative IT effects to increase the interaction between the firms, and interaction causes to enhance the partnership quality. Also, the level of partnership shows strong positive correlation with the supply chain performances. Despite the limitations of collected sample data size, our study reveals the fact that inter-organizational information systems contribute to supply chain performance through enhancing the interaction and partnership level between the supply chain partners. Our research result is distinct from the most extant literatures that investigated the firm's collaboration impact on interorganizational systems usage.

• 교육시설
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1995

This paper discussed non-physical factors, such as the level of use of organizational channels and the level of R&D investment of the firm. It also explored physical factors such as the distance between the university and industry, transportation conditions between the two, and the availability (surplus capacity) of professors' or firms' research facilities that would affect the interaction such as the contacts in connection with research grants and consultations by professors to high-tech firms. This paper pointed out that the use of organization channel, the level of R&D investment, the availability research facilities of the university and high-tech firm, transportation conditions between the two, subject matter compatibility between professors' areas of expertise and firms' industrial activities, professors' (or staff) research capabilities and professors' (or staff) research times affect the interaction between the university and industry. It also found that the distance between the university and industry affects the interaction between the two in the opposite direction.

• 아동학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.26-42
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• 1989

This study was designed to investigate the relation between mother's interaction strategies and self-regulation of young children from a Vygotskian perspective. The hypotheses of this study were: 1) The self-regulation of young children will improve with increase in age, 2) the use of mothers' interaction strategies will increase as child's age decreases, 3) mothers' directiveness in the mother-child interaction depends on the age of child and socio-economic level, and 4) mothers' directiveness in the mother-child interaction will have negative relationship with child's self-regulation. The subjects of this study were 60 mother-child dyads with three different age-of-child groups (3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds). They were further divided into higher and lower socio-economic groups. A puzzle task was used for the measurement of self-regulation. The task consisted of two identical puzzles with one used as the model. The collected data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$, one-way and two-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's r. Self-regulation of the young children improved with increase in age (P < .05). The use of mothers' interaction strategy decreased as the children's age increased (P < .05). Mothers' directiveness in the mother-child interaction was influenced by the age of child (P < .01) and by socioeconomic level (P < .05). There was a negative correlation (r=-.848) between the mothers' directiveness in the mother-child interaction and the child's self-regulation (P < .001).