• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.132-144
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on the spiritual well being and depression levels of hospice patients. Method: The data for this study were collected from 62 patients who were admitted to the hospice care unit from July 28, 2002 to October 31, 2002 in D city K hospital. Subjects were 31 members of the experimental group and 31 members of the control group. It was devised with a nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design. The spiritual nursing intervention was given by using the therapeutic use of self. Scripture. prayer. Hymn and music. use of church community involvement and referrals to pastors according to the assessment of patients' spiritual needs for 3 weeks(total 12 times and 1 hour per each intervention). Sangsoon Choi (1990) and Jungho Kang(1996)'s spiritual well being scale. which was modified from Palautzian and Ellison (1982)'s spiritual well being scale, was used to investigate patients' spiritual well being. To investigate the level of depression. OkHyun Song(1977)'s Depression Scale, which was modified from Zung(1965)'s Depression Inventory, was used. Data were analyzed by $x^2$-test. t-test. and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: 1. The 1st hypothesis. 'total spiritual well being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported (F=6.28, p=0.015, Interaction: p=0.000). 2. The 1 lst sub hypothesis, 'religious well being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=12.75, p=0.001 Interaction: p=0.000). 3. The 1 2nd sub hypothesis, 'existential well being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.87, p=0.016, Interaction: p=0.000). 4. The 2nd hypothesis, 'depression level in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be lower than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported (F=10.45, p=0.002, Interaction: p=0.000). Conclusion: From the above results, spiritual nursing intervention was an effective program to improve the spiritual well being state and decrease the depression levels of the hospice patients. In the future, with spiritual intervention. which the researcher developed, is applied in the nursing field, the hospice patients can have comprehensive well being including spiritual well being and die peacefully.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on spiritual wee-being and depression level of the hospice patients. Method: The subjects for this study were collected from 62 patients who were admitted in the hospice care unit from July 28, 2000 to October 31, 2002 in D city K hospital. Subjects were 31 members of the experimental group and 31 members of the control group. It was devised with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The spiritual nursing intervention was given by using the therapeutic use of self, Scripture, prayer, Hymn and music, use of church community involvement and refer to pastors according to assessment of patients' spiritual need for 3 weeks(total 12 times and 1 hour per each intervention). Sangsoon Choi(1990) and Jungho Kang(1996)'s spiritual well-being scale, which was modified from Palautzian and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual well-being scale, was used to investigate patients' spiritual well-being. To investigate level of depression, OkHyun Song(1977)'s Depression Scale, which was modified from Zung(1965)'s Depression Inventory, was used. Data were analyzed by x2-test, t-test, Repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: 1.The 1st hypothesis, 'total spiritual well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.28, p=0.015, Interaction: p=0.000). 2.The 1-1st sub-hypothesis, 'religious well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=12.75, p=0.001, Interaction: p=0.000). 3.The 1-2nd sub-hypothesis, 'existential well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.87, p=0.016, Interaction: p=0.000). 4.The 2nd hypothesis, 'depression level in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be lower than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=10.45, p=0.002, Interaction: p=0.000). Conclusion: From the above results, spiritual nursing intervention was an effective program to improve spiritual well-being state and decrease depression level for the hospice patients. In the future, when the spiritual intervention, which the researcher developed, applied on nursing field, the hospice patients can have comprehensive well being including spiritual well being and peaceful dying life.

• 감성과학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.281-292
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• 2013

이 연구의 목적은 학습용 에이전트의 비언어적 의사소통이 의인화 효과에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 것이다. 대학생 56명을 대상으로 실험이 진행되었으며, 비언어적 의사소통은 제스처(지시적 제스처 vs. 대화적 제스처)와 얼굴표정(적용유무)에 의해서 구현되었다. 학습용 에이전트에 적용된 제스처는 지시적 제스처와 대화적 제스처였다. 지시적 제스처는 주의집중 유도 가설에 의해서 학습용 에이전트의 제스처가 시각단서의 역할을 수행할 것이라는 가설에 근거하고 있다. 대화적 제스처는 사회성 가설에 의한 것으로 학습용 에이전트의 사회적 상호작용을 촉진시키기 위한 것이다. 얼굴표정은 주로 사회성 가설을 지지하는 설계원리로 보았다. 의인화 효과 측정에서는 학습개입에 대한 상호작용이 유의미했다. 대화적 제스처 조건에서 얼굴표정이 있고 없음에 따라서 학습개입에 대한 의인화 효과가 유의미했다. 대화적 제스처와 얼굴표정이 적용되면 학습개입을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 두 가지 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 첫째, 얼굴표정은 학습개입에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 둘째, 제스처와 더불어 얼굴표정과 제스처가 동시에 적용되어야 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.119-138
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• 1998

The case of proportional cell frequencies for the two-way cross-classification with interaction is considered. Several types of hypotheses for the general unbalanced data that are commonly used in the literature are shown, and they are written out for this particular case. A reparameterized form of the cell means model is defined to establish the reparameterized model, and orthogonal property of the model is shown using the augmented matrix and the numerator sums of squares are computed. Different ways of producing the same analysis of variance tables are shown in both orthogonal and nonorthogonal situations.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-81
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• 2013

A wide literature review on Static Soil-Structure-Interaction (SSI) is done to highlight the key impacts of soil complexity on structural members of framed structures. Attention is paid to the developed approaches, i.e., conventional and Finite Element Method (FEM), to emphasize on deficiencies and merits of the proposed methods according to their applicability, accuracy and power to model and idealization of the superstructures as well as the soil continuum. Proposed hypothesis are much deeply discussed herein for better understanding which is normally neglected in literature review papers due to the large number of references and limit of space.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.717-725
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the Military Mental Health Promotion Program. The program was an email based cognitive behavioral intervention. Methods: The research design was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Participants were 32 soldiers who agreed to participate in the program. Data were collected at three different times from January 2012 to March 2012; pre-test, post-test, and a one-month follow-up test. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 18.0. The effectiveness of the program was tested by repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The first hypothesis that the level of depression in the experimental group who participated in the program would decrease compared to the control group was not supported in that the difference in group-time interaction was not statistically significant (F=2.19, p=.121). The second and third hypothesis related to anxiety and self-esteem were supported in group-time interaction, respectively (F=7.41, p=.001, F=11.67, p<.001). Conclusion: Results indicate that the program is effective in improving soldiers' mental health status in areas of anxiety and self-esteem.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2001

In recent years, the market for online computer games has become an important part in the entertainment industry. New online games have been introduced every month and the numbers of game players who are playing online games have grown rapidly. However, only a few online games have been successful in making a good profit among many online games. Why are most players playing only a few online games repeatedly? To answer the question, this research focuses on the customer loyalty and their optimal experience(flow) in playing specific online games. This research hypothesizes that customer loyalty for specific online game can be increased by customers' optimal experience(flow) in playing it, and they would feel optimal experience because of mechanic and social interaction in online games. In order to validate the hypothesis, this research analyzes online survey data of players of various online games. According to this survey results, players' optimal experience is affected by their mechanic interaction between a player and an online game system, and their social interaction with other players who participated in the online game. And their optimal experience during playing the online game affects the degree of customer loyalty to the game. This paper ends with conclusions of the survey results and study limits.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.455-465
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• 2016

본 연구는 트위터 유력자가 이용자의 온-오프라인 의견표명 의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 침묵의 나선 이론과 수정 행동 가설에 근거하여 상반된 가설을 도출하였고, 어느 가설이 더 타당한지를 검증해보기 위해 실험연구를 진행하였다. 실험참가자들은 입양특례법 개정안에 대한 공인 유력자의 찬성 트윗, 공인 유력자의 반대 트윗, 일반인 유력자의 찬성 트윗, 일반인 유력자의 반대 트윗이라는 4개의 실험 조건에 배치되었다. 입양특례법 개정안에 대한 실험참가자의 의견을 바탕으로, 실험집단은 공인 유력자와의 의견일치 집단, 공인 유력자와의 의견불일치 집단, 일반 유력자와의 의견일치 집단, 일반 유력자와의 의견불일치 집단으로 구분되었다. 분석결과, 유력자와의 의견일치여부는 이용자의 의견표명 의도에 영향을 주지 않았다. 그러나 유력자 유형에 따른 상호작용 효과가 발견되었는데, 일반인 유력자와의 의견불일치가 이용자들의 온-오프라인 의견표명 의지를 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 트위터 유력자가 이용자들을 침묵시키는 것이 아니라 오히려 의견표명을 동기화시킬 가능성이 있음을 보여준다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2022

Purpose - According to the recently changing consumer smart environment and consumer decision-making process, this study investigates the structural relationship between electronic(online) WOM information characteristics and brand community experience value types on specific brand reliability and brand transformation. In particular, the characteristics of word of mouth information and the experience value of brand community users were divided into detailed fac tors and approached. Methodology - In order to proceed with this study, we review previous studies and setting hypotheses. The hypothesis was verified through a survey that was conducted for the consumers with online consumption activities in less than six months. With reference to previous studies, operational definition was made for the questionnaire design. In order to verify the hypothesis, 282 people were statistically analyzed through the survey This data were used for AMOS for confirm hypothesis established. Results - eWOM information characteristics were classified into usefulness, timeliness and un-bias, and online community experience values were classified into interaction, playfulness, and virtuality. In addition, it is to investigate the relationship between the brand reliability and user's experience value in brad community. The main results are as follows. The first result was that usefulness and un-bias, which are the eWOM information characteristics had a positive effect on forming brand reliability. However, the factor of timeliness did not affect brand reliability. Second, in terms of user experience value and brand reliability in the brand community. It was fo und that experience values such as interaction, playfulness, and vituality all had a positive influence on brand reliability. Third, it was found that brand reliability has a positive influence on the on-line conversion activity of users. Conclusions - Through this study, the field of online consumer behavior research is expanding, and this study suggested that careful management is necessary according to the type or characteristics of eWOM information. Additionally, it presents the importance of the user's empirical value in the brand community influencing brand attitude and reliability. In practice, the implementation of the marketing communication mix in digital marketing has recently been underway to enhance the conversion behavior of users. At this level, it also reveals the preceding factors that increase user conversion behavior.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 1974

Antenatal care is zoomed toward3 assisting the Individual to achieve safe and wholesome state of health during pregnancy. Nature of fear is assumed to be rooted to complex interaction between past experiences, human relationship and present state of health, however. specific relationship between fear and the variables have not yet been ascertained. This study is designed to investigate the nature of fear of pregnancy, and the correlation between fear and the personal and environmental variables such as personal characteristics past experiences. and psycho-social factors. During the period from October 23 to November 5, 215 pregnant and 104 non-pregnant women of similar chronological are group residing in Seoul were interviewed according to check-list by random General anxiety test, general personality test and test for fear of pregnancy, family according to specific variables such as past experiences of Pregnancy and childbirth, structure of family, family relationship and month of pregnancy was done to the group of pregnant women. To non-pregnant group, general anxiety test was performed to compare with pregnant group. Results of the study are as follows; 1. Hypothesis 1; Degree of general anxiety will be higher e pregnant women compared to that of non-pregnant women. There is no significant difference between the general anxiety of pregnant women and that of non-pregnant women. Therefore, hypothesis I is rejected. 2. Hypothesis 2: Fear of pregnancy and general anxiety will be correlated with personality factors. Through test for fear of pregnancy and general anxiety, a meager contra-correlation between fear and only two personal factors (R and E factor) is revealed but there is no significant correlation between fear and other personal factors (A.S. and T factor). Degree of fear of pregnancy tends to b: higher in the group with low personality factors; responsibility and emotional stability expect the correlation between ascendancy, sociability, and confidence-inferiority. non-significant. Through general anxiety test, level of general anxiety tends to be higher in the group. with low personality factors; responsibility. emotional stability, and confidence except ascendency and sociability, non-significant. Hypothesis 2 is partially supported. 3. Hypothesis 3; General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with the past experience-ol pregnancy, and child-birth experience. Though general anxiety test and test for fear of pregnancy, non-significant difference is revealed by P〉.05 level Hypothesis 3 is rejected. 4. Hypothesis 4: General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with the month at pregnancy will be correlated with the month of pregnancy. Through tests of general anxiety and fear, significant correlation is revealed degree of fear by-P〈.05 level (CR=1.98) and level of general anxiety by P〈.005 level (CR=3. 11) is higher in the earlier stage of pregnancy. Hypothesis 4 is supported. 5. Hypothesis 5, 6, 7; General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with socio-economic status, family structure, and family relationship. Through general anxiety test and tear of pregnancy test, non-significant is revealed by P〉.05 level. Hypothesis 3.6.7 are rejected. Conclusion and recommendation Level of general: anxiety and degree of fear of pregnancy is shown not to be correlated with variables of past experiencers of pregnancy and child-birth. and family factors except the month of - pregnancy. Personal characteristics are shown to be partially contra-correlated meagerly with genera anxiety and fear of pregnancy. This study revealed contrasted results, in regard to presence of correlation between general anxiety and fear of pregnancy to other thesis. In this context. further studies under controlled environment is recommended.