• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-74
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• 1997

This paper investigates the spatial characteristics of networks, which arise as a firm's strategy to enhance its competitiveness to cope with the changing economic environments characterized by technological changes and increasing competitiveness. The theoretical framework in this study proposes that networks emerge as a firm's strategies to promote its competitiveness through the vertical/horizontal disintegration of the production system. Futhermore, regional industries of networks. The study examines the types of cooperation and the spatial boundary of the computer industry networks in Korea. Questionnaire survey was conducted on 1, 128 computer companies which had more than 10 employees, with 126 questionnaires being used for analysis. In addition, newpaper articles were used to supplement the foregoing work on network characteristics. The review of these articles covers the period from Jan. 1994 to June 1996. Major findings of this study are as follows: The spatial range of cooperative networks varies according to the specific characters of cooperation(R & D, production, and seles). Intralocal networks are being developed in Kangnam and Youido area, the computer industry agglomeration clusres of Seoul. There are the regional differnces in the agents and contents of cooperation. In intra-national R & D and production networks, regional differnces in agglomeratins and non-agglomerations are not detercted. Most networks of this type are found between large firms and small firms. In contrast, foregn R & D and production networks, which are operated mostly by large firms, are found in Kangnam, Youido, and CBD. Intra-national and foreign productino networks are also focused in Kangnam, Youido, and CBD. Small firms are playing an active role in making this type of cooperation possible. In the perspective of localization-globalization, Korean computer industry can be analyzed in two respects: industrial and regional. The localization of small firms and the localization-globalization of large firms' networks are being developed in industrial contexts, while the localization-globalization of agglomerations and the localization of non-agglomerations networks are being developed in regional contexts. As networks for the localization-globalization of industry are growing in agglomerations, interfirm networks could be related to trends in the formation or intensification of industrial agglomerations. industrial agglomeration areas function as a facilitator of localization through subcontracts, intraregional network and interregional network. They also facilitate globalization via foregn networks. In non-agglomeratin areas, localization networks, which are connected with agglomeration areas via subcontracting, interregional R & D. or production cooperation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.167-178
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct investment decision factors in the Kaesong Industrial Complex and Vietnam, and to contribute to the creation of domestic jobs and the revitalization of the inter-Korean economy. According to the analysis, most of the Kaesong Industrial Complex and Vietnamese investment companies are entering the complex for the purpose of utilizing cheap labor, cheap factory locations, sales/development of local markets, and bypass export production bases in third countries. This can be divided into production-efficient investors using differences in production price such as labor costs and market-oriented investors to sell and expand the local market, which seems to be consistent with global direct investment patterns such as Nike, Apple, and Amazon. However, even if the North Korea-U.S. denuclearization talks ease or lift sanctions, Vietnamese investors' willingness to invest in the North Korea has been most burdened by the possibility of closing special economic zones due to political risks. Last but not least, it is important to note that those willing to invest in North Korea are mostly smaller enterprises in textiles, sewing, footwear and leather industries-those that benefit from low-cost labor. Since their size is small, they need policy support in financing, especially in the early stages of their business. Even after they grow past the early stages, those without collateral would still need state guarantee letters to get financing. Thus, it is worth considering to use the Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund to compensate commercial banks for bad loan loss or for low-interest loans for smaller SMEs. The interviews with SMEs found that red-tape is one of the biggest difficulties they face. Thus, it is recommended that a one-stop service agency should be established to cover all processes and issues related to inter-Korean economic cooperation to eliminate redundancy and expediate government support for SMEs.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.353-384
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• 2013

When it comes to the current inter-Korean relationship, the two Koreas are in the step of core practical negotiation on exchanges and cooperation away from deadlock so far. It is expected that they will have more and frequent meetings in the future. Therefore, now is the time the South Korea needed to come up with systematic countermeasures because there is nothing more important and giving more impact on our society than the matter of North Korea. As the purpose of social science lies with the explanation and prediction of the social phenomena in the society, it is considered to be meaningful to analyze the representative military negotiations such as the defense ministry-level talks, general-level talks, and working-level talks between the two Koreas where the participants from South Korea consisting of the military representatives discussed with their counterparts of North Korea since the signing of the armistice in Korea on July 27, 1953. This study analyzes and evaluates the behaviors of North Korea's military negotiations with the South Korea in the Kim Jong-il era on the overall basis. In particular, the research tries to prove that the behaviors of military negotiations under Kim Jeong-il regime were made in the frame of the negotiation model by analyzing many negotiations presented in 'With Century', Kim Il Sung's Memoirs under his anti-Japan-guerilla era and suggesting the analysis frame of anti-Japan-guerilla style negotiation model. Based on the results of this proof, the study looks at carefully the specific characteristics of anti-Japan guerrilla-type negotiation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2019

In this article, potential problems in the exchanges and collaboration of South and North Korean performance programs were reviewed focusing on the articles related to performances in the North Korean copyright law. In the North Korean copyright law, there were significant differences from the ordinary rules in the international society or lack of the rules. They are the problems on the bases and principles of North Korean copyright law, unacceptance of copyrightable works against their political system, equal and mutual benefit on the copyright of the South Korean copyrightable works, neighboring copyright and economic right, unlimited protection for moral right, unpreparedness of right protection for online copyrightable works, and so on. On the other hand, the available performance programs to exchange mutually between South and North in the short run include national operas, dramas, musicals, festival events, and so on. However, legal and systematic improvement plans are required on the different copyright rules between South and North to facilitate the exchanges and cooperation. Externally, collaborations are required in the international copyright stage such as collaborative agreements on various international copyright usages, and we should consider the global entrance of performance programs that contain national sentiment and develop mutual trusts through these.

• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.109-120
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• 2014

South and North Korea, the divided nations on the Korean peninsula, began with the same modern city planning system, but following the adoption of different national ideologies-capitalism and socialism-, they established their own city planning system and developed their cities accordingly. However, the process of planning and developing a joint city of Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC) led to the recognition about the need to bridge the differences and prepare for future joint development. This study examines North Korea's city planning system by comparing the two Koreas' systems, and identify the characteristics of North Korea's city planning system through a case analysis of the KIC. By comparing two cases, we found two distinct characteristics of North Korea's. The one is a tool for realizing ideologies and maintaining national system. The other one is that it is ideology-oriented system for the supreme leader and party while South Korea has control-oriented system for the public. We analyze the KIC case based on four pillars: planning system, development system and procedure, master plan, and use behaviors. Result of analysis shows that in KIC there are many socialistic features as we mentioned above in terms of planning system, urban design & structure, and use behavior even though a private enterprise-Hyundai Asan, in South Korea led the whole process. This study is meaningful in that it identifies the specific characteristics of North Korea's city planning focusing on the KIC and is expected to serve as a baseline material to set the future direction for North Korea's development.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 2017

The advancement of IT and the "Fourth Industrial Revolution" blurred the boundary between industries. The importance of strategic cooperation between enterprises is emphasized. IT companies must consider their existing business areas and create new territories to drive changes in the industry. They must also secure their competitive edge and manage economic costs to enable them to compete with their global counterparts. By utilizing their resources effectively, these firms can create value through inter-firm cooperation. This study analyzes the collaborative network of global IT companies using social network analysis and examines the effect of this network on firm performance. Collaborative linkages and betweenness centrality, which represent the bridging position of a firm in a network, significantly affect firm performance. This result highlights the importance of the structural position of a firm in a cooperative network of IT companies. This study also characterizes clusters in a network of IT companies. Most of these clusters comprise a combination of IT companies in diverse IT industries. These clusters suggest that these companies engage in multilateral cooperation without boundaries to maximize their business capabilities. This study offers practical implications for establishing a cooperative strategy and framework that can capture business trends in the IT industry from a macroscopic view. This study also visualizes collaborative networks in a multifaceted way using social network analysis to provide researchers and business practitioners with an informative viewpoint.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.169-189
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• 2023

The study aims to synthesize the discussion of the innovation district and suggest an alternative to the governance system of the innovation district. Cluster policies that focus on industrial specialization, networking, value chains, and industrial ecosystems have shown some problems and limits in advanced industrial economies. The innovation district, suitable for the era of urban innovation, convergence of industry, housing, leisure, and related variety, emphasizes cooperation through the convergence of various innovations, workshops and industries, and communities. It is important to build a quintuple helix based on cooperative governance through public-private partnerships, integrate the physical and cultural atmosphere, and service industries that strengthen the place prestige. Beyond the industrial aspect, innovation districts can facilitate changes in urban amenities and lifestyles and creative atmosphere, such as diversity, lifestyle, charms, and openness, and promote social vitality and economic interactions. The governance of innovative districts can promote inter-organizational exchanges, and combinations. When knowledge is created through exchanges between companies, it also affects changes in the governance system, evolving from a rigid and centralized system to an open, dynamic, and organic system. Through the innovation policy, the existing Central Business Districts (CBD) can be able to be transformed into a Central Lifestyle Districts (CLD).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.129-137
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• 2024

Social enterprises have a high cost structure, inefficient operation, and poor human and material resources due to a dual structure that must achieve both economic and social purposes. To solve this problem, collaboration, such as sharing resources and information between social enterprises, is emerging as an important management issue. Accordingly, in recent years, the establishment and operation of an online platform is being emphasized as a means to effectively support the problem of lack of resources (human resources, equipment, funds, and technology) between social enterprises, the promotion of joint projects between companies, and the establishment of organic information sharing and communication channels between companies. This study empirically analyzed how the required characteristics of the online platform that supports the collaboration of social enterprises vary depending on the characteristics of the enterprise (general characteristics, collaboration characteristics), and found that there are statistically significant differences depending on the size. These results are expected to be useful in deriving management plans for online platforms for cooperation support for domestic social enterprises in the future, and seeking ways to increase collaboration using the platforms.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.503-514
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• 2019

This paper proposes a blockchain-based urban service-operation model that can enhance usability by integrating several data-driven services operated in a city. In the proposed model, in order to encourage the participation of service users, the providers of data and values that can be consumed and utilized by each service acquire incentives, and consumers can use various services by paying the incentives. In this way, the proposed service model provides a structure in which various services can be interworked within the incentive system. The characteristics of blockchain technology can also guarantee service operation and management transparency. In addition, in this paper, by establishing and operating a prototype, the efficiency and operability of the proposed model are verified. As a result, three implemented data-driven urban management services are organically inter-compatible based on the concept of the proposed integrated incentive system. In the future, the proposed service model can be applied as an elemental technology of urban operational and management architectures based on citizen participation using local currency, and by cooperating with local economic revitalization projects of interest to many local governments. It is expected that the expansion of the blockchain technology area will also be possible through convergence with smart city services.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.438-453
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• 2009

Attracting advanced foreign enterprises into the less-developed regions has gained increasing importance as a regional development strategy in Korea. This study critically examines the foreign-direct investment-led regional development strategy of Wales, United Kingdom. Despite a high FDI inflow in manufacturing, the Welsh regional economy has suffered from specialization in low-skilled assembly with limited R&D activities, insufficient linkage with local domestic suppliers, and violent fluctuation in local employment in response to changes within the global business environment. This tendency shows that the foreign-invested companies have neither locally embedded themselves enough nor created the external agglomeration economies in the region. At the same time, the Welsh local government's excessive dependence on financial incentives packages to induce multinationals, rather than effort to create regional innovative capacity, has resulted in a sizable fiscal loss, an abused local planning process, and subordination of the local government's major administrative decision-making on foreign investors. The Welsh FDI case suggests that an effective FDI attraction policy should include inter-regional cooperation and coordination in the inward investment attraction procedure, a comprehensive land use planning process, and state-level concrete governance on FDI.