• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.258-265
• /
• 2023

We conducted phylogenetic analyses using multiplexed inter-simple sequence repeat genotyping by sequencing and compared chloroplast DNA sequences among Ardisia japonica, A. pusilla, and morphologically intermediate plants found on Jeju Island, Korea. Our network analysis demonstrated that the intermediate plants were genetically positioned between A. japonica and A. pusilla. Our comparison of the intergenic spacer between the psbA and trnH genes in chloroplast DNA indicated that four nucleotide substitutions separate A. japonica and A. pusilla, whereas the intermediate plants exhibited the A. japonica haplotype. Our results suggest that the intermediate plants on Jeju Island represent a natural hybrid of A. japonica, as the maternal species, and A. pusilla, and that they are attributable to Ardisia×walkeri. This record constitutes the first documented occurrence of the hybrid taxon in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.14-24
• /
• 2023

Saussurea dorogostaiskii Palib. (Asteraceae) is a critically endangered medicinal plant in Mongolia and Russia. We studied the genetic variation of S. dorogostaiskii from three mountains of northern Mongolia. The genetic profile was assessed in 70 individuals from eight populations using five inter-simple sequence repeat markers, producing 53 loci with 96.4% polymorphism across all bands. Shannon's index (I) and Nei's gene diversity (H) value at the species level of S. dorogostaiskii are 0.25 and 0.17, respectively. An AMOVA showed high genetic variation among the populations (22% of populations and 32% of mountains), consistent with the high genetic differentiation (G_ST = 0.49) and low gene flow (N_m = 0.51) in S. dorogostaiskii populations. Eight populations were clustered into two groups, corresponding to their geographic locations. The low within-population genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation among S. dorogostaiskii populations factor into their endangered designation. This genetic analysis reveals that all populations are equally threatened, and community-based conservation is appropriate for these species.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2020.08a
• /
• pp.71-71
• /
• 2020

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, the sole species in the genus Xanthoceras, is a flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae. It is an important tree species being a source of edible oil and biodiesel with a capacity as a pioneer of degraded and desert land. Seeds of X. sorbifolia were collected from two plantations and two superior trees in Inner Mongolia; and one plantation and one superior tree in Liaoning, China. An inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis showed genetic variation among four artificial populations in China: two in Inner Mongolia (IM), one in Liaoning (LN), and one in Shandong (SD). The average percentage of polymorphic loci was 81.25 % for these four populations. Based on an analysis of molecular variance, 23 % of the total genetic variation was found among populations, and 77 % within populations. Traits of seeds varied considerably between and among areas, for example two trees produced quite different seeds in several traits although they are adjacent to each other in the same farm. As much attention has not been paid to the traits of seeds, there should be a genetic test to understand this variation. It is necessary to obtain information on seed characteristics first and then provide basic information for further research on the selection of superior trees and provenances.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.249-253
• /
• 2009

Raily ecorace of Indian tasar silkworm is wild in nature and distributed abundantly in dense deciduous forest on Shorea robusta (Sal) in Bastar ($17^{\circ}4'$ and $20^{\circ}34'$ N, $80^{\circ}15'$ and $82^{\circ}15'$ E and altitude ranging from 150 to 1200 mMSL) forest ranges of Chhattisgarh, India. It is represented by about 20 populations. Out of those, eleven populations showed intra- as well as inter- population variability based on phenotypic expression and also in major economic traits viz. cocoon weight, shell weight, filament length and denier. Genetic diversity in these eleven populations was studied using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. The band profiles generated with eight ISSR primers have depicted variation in band size. All the primers exhibited polymorphism which is an indicative of the genetic variation in individual Raily silkworm. Among the populations, total polymorphism recorded was 76%. The population genetic aspects assessed through POPGENE software package are discussed in the paper. Nei's gene diversity (h) ranged from 0.194 to 0.337 exhibiting high heterozygosity. Relevance of the present study is of high significance in formulating conservation strategies and sustainable utilization of the economically important Raily ecorace of Antheraea mylitta.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.89 no.2
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2000

Inter-simple sequence repeat (I-SSR) markers were analyzed from diploid genomes of 95 nutmeg trees (Torreya nucifera Siev. et Zucc.) in 5 populations. A total of 62 I-SSR amplicons were observed and 7 of them were monomorphic in 95 individuals. DNA fingerprint of each tree was verified by pooling the observed I-SSR amplicons. Most of the genetic diversity was allocated within population (90.65%) and all the populations revealed similar level of I-SSR amplicon diversity within population. Degree of population differentiation (${\phi}_{ST}=9.35%$) was moderate on the basis of criteria obtained from isozyme analysis. Based on the results of the cluster analysis of UPGMA, genetic relationships among 5 populations were not coincided with the pattern of geographic distribution. Non-significant confidence interval at each node also suggests that all the nutmeg populations are genetically not much differentiated.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.224-230
• /
• 2014

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a molecular marker technique based on DNA and is extremely useful in detection of high polymorphism between closely related genotypes like Korean wheat cultivars. Six sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) have been developed from inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis which enabled the identification and differentiation of 13 Korean wheat cultivars from the other cultivars. We used six combinations of primer sets in our AFLP analysis for developing additional cultivar-specific markers in Korean wheat. Fifty-eight of the AFLP bands were isolated from EA-ACG/MA-CAC, EA-AGC/MA-CTG and EA-AGG/MA-CTA primer combinations. Of which 40 bands were selected to design SCAR primer pairs for Korean wheat cultivar identification. Three of 58 amplified primer pairs, KWSM006, KWSM007 and JkSP, enabled wheat cultivar identification. Consequently, 23 of 32 Korean wheat cultivars were classified by eight SCAR marker sets.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.66-75
• /
• 2008

The level of genetic diversity and genetic relationships among Korean ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus karpowi) habitat and subspecies have been investigated based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Wild and domesticated Korean ring-necked pheasant, hybrids between domesticated Korean ring-necked and foreign subspecies, and four foreign subspecies; Chinese ring-necked (P. c. torquatus), Melanistic mutant (P. c. mut. tenebrosus), XL White (P. c. mut) and Southern green (P. c. versicolor) were used for comparison. On the basis of the results of AMOV A, 94.08% of genetic diversity in Korean ring-necked was allocated among individuals within habitat differences. Estimate of $\Phi$st, which represents the degree of genetic differentiation among habitats was 5.9%. Based on the dendrogram reconstructed by UPGMA, Yangpyung habitat of the eight habitats turned out to be distinct from others habitat. Interestingly, domesticated Korean ring-necked and hybrid mixture showed closer genetic relationship with four foreign subspecies than Korean ring-necked. As a consequence of AMOVA, 96.63% of genetic diversity in four foreign subspecies was allocated among individuals within subspecies. Estimate of $\Phi$st representing the degree of genetic differentiation among subspecies was 3.4%, which was lower than that among habitats of Korean ring-necked. The lower level of genetic difference among four foreign subspecies showed that these subspecies were genetically closer even though they were morphologically classified into four different subspecies. When seven habitats of Korean ring-necked pheasant and four foreign subspecies were divided into Korean and Foreign Pheasant Groups, respectively, more than 17% of genetic diversity was allocated between groups (about 4% among habitats/subspecies within groups). This observation implied that Korean ring-necked pheasant is genetically quite different from four foreign subspecies. On the basis of cluster analysis, three foreign subspecies (Chinese ring-necked pheasant, Melanistic mutant pheasant, and XL White pheasant) formed a distinct group with domesticated Korean ring-necked pheasant and hybrid mixture at 98% confidence interval.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.6-16
• /
• 2015

This study established the genetic characterisation of 10 microsporidian isolates infecting non-mulberry silkworms (Antheraea assamensis and Samia cynthia ricini) collected from biogeographical forest locations in the State of Assam, India, using PCR-based markers assays: inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A Nosema type species (NIK-1s_mys) was used as control for comparison. The shape of mature microsporidian spores were observed oval to elongated, measuring 3.80 to $4.90{\mu}m$ in length and 2.60 to $3.05{\mu}m$ in width. Fourteen ISSR primers generated reproducible profiles and yielded 178 fragments, of which 175 were polymorphic (98%), while 16 RAPD primers generated reproducible profiles with 198 amplified fragments displaying 95% of polymorphism. Estimation of genetic distance coefficients based on dice coefficients method and clustering with un-weighted pair group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis was done to unravel the genetic diversity of microsporidians infecting Indian muga and eri silkworm. The similarity coefficients varied from 0.385 to 0.941 in ISSR and 0.083 to 0.938 in RAPD data. UPGMA analysis generated dendrograms with two microsporidian groups, which appear to be different from each other. Based on Euclidean distance matrix method, 2-dimensional distribution also revealed considerable variability among different identified microsporidians. Clustering of these microsporidian isolates was in accordance with their host and biogeographic origin. Both techniques represent a useful and efficient tool for taxonomical grouping as well as for phylogenetic classification of different microsporidians in general and genotyping of these pathogens in particular.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2018

Background: Juniperus chinensis L. populations are distributed locally on several areas including coastal cliffs which are difficult to access in the central eastern Korea. Wild populations inhabit relatively barren environments such as rocky areas and cliffs, which are very sensitive to even minor environmental disturbances including artificial interventions and natural disturbances, and thus demonstrate great fluctuations in the population size and density. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity, differentiation, and genetic structure of each population in order to provide useful data required to establish a substantial conservation strategy of J. chinensis. Results: The genetic diversity of J. chinensis at the population level (P = 78.7%, h = 0.282, S.I. = 0.420) was somewhat higher compared with those measured in the same genus, Juniperus. The genetic differentiation degree among nine populations established naturally in central eastern Korea was 11.50% and that among sub-populations within the same area was 5.52%. On the other hand, genetic variation of individuals within the populations was 82.93%. But frequency of the main allele was different among loci. In particular, fixation of allele frequency and occurrence of rare allele in the highly isolated population suggest a likelihood that genetic drift would occur in populations of this plant. As the result of analysis on the genetic structure of nine populations, nearby populations and isolated populations tended to form separate clusters from each other as the hypothetical number of clusters (K) increase. Conclusions: This result implies that if the population size of J. chinensis is reduced due to environmental change and artificial and/or natural disturbances in the future, it could affect negatively on the genetic diversity of the plant species. In order to maintain and conserve genetic diversity of J. chinensis, ecological network, which can help genetic exchange among the local populations, should be prepared, and conservation strategies in situ as well as ex situ are also required with continuous monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.249-253
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to develop convenient and reproducible methods for identifying the genetic relationship among germplasms of Panax species based on molecular genetics. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analyses, genetic polymorphism of the Panax species was investigated with following cultivars and accessions, such as Chunpoong, Yunpoong, Kopoong, Sunpoong, and Kumpoong in domestic cultivars, Hwangsuk, Jakyung and Suckju in domestic accessions, and Panax quinquefolius L. and Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer in foreign introduced accessions, respectively. Specific DNA fragments ranging from 200 to 3,000 base pairs in size could be obtained with various ISSR and RAPD primers under the optimized PCR conditions. The dissimilarity coefficients among the genetic polymorphisms of ginseng cultivars and accessions were calculated from 0.26 to 0.90 in RAPD and from 0.12 to 0.89 in ISSR analysis, respectively. Eleven plant samples were grouped siblings together with cultivars and parents based on cluster analysis of genetic distance depending on genetic property such as origin of the species. In results, both RAPD and ISSR analyses were useful for identifying the genetic relationship among cultivars and accessions of Panax species at DNA level.