• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

Objective : Korean Academy of Sensory Integration(KASI) planned and executed sensory integration Therapy Camp to serve intensive sensory integration program for children with the sensory integrative dysfunction, to support their family with parent' education and home programs, and to suggest practical guideline for therapists through individual supervision and demonstrations. Methods : The camp was held during 5days in the children's center for developmental support that set up sensory integration tools. The camp executed the individual and group interventions that consisted of 7 children with sensory integrative dysfunction, especially dyspraxia and 7 therapists who manage them and 6 supervisors. Results : Children which served the intensive intervention showed the improved adaptive responses during the camp and their parents reported the satisfaction degree of the camp program was 83%. Their therapists also had a chance to understand the broader sensory integrative interventions through the supervision. Conclusion : To provide the clients for qualitative sensory integration service, the camp must be programmed that children with the sensory integrative dysfunction can service the intensive sensory integration program and their therapists can actually experience reeducation individually through supervision and demonstrations.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.66-71
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• 2018

Purpose: Respiratory morbidity is the most common problem among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Therefore, the aim of this study was to make a differential diagnosis between transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and pneumonia through comparison of clinical features and test results. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in 86 infants with TTN, RDS, or pneumonia. These were infants who had respiratory distress, were born after ${\geq}34$ weeks of gestation, and transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit of Kosin University Gospel Hospital between June 1, 2011 and June 30, 2016. Results: The numbers (percentage) of infants with TTN, RDS, and pneumonia were 51 (59.3%), 20 (23.3%), and 15 (17.4%), respectively. Late-preterm and early-term newborns accounted for 65.1% of the infants. Tachypnea was observed in 74.4% of the neonates. The median age at admission was 4 hours (0 to 116) after birth. The infants with RDS had significantly lower birth weights, pH levels, base excess and oxygen saturation levels at admission, longer duration of total ventilator therapy, and hospital stay than those in the other two groups. The infants with pneumonia showed significantly high initial high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and significant chest radiographic findings. Conclusion: Early differential diagnosis for TTN, RDS, and pneumonia is challenging because they show similar respiratory symptoms at an early stage. Clinical features and test results can be used to determine the etiology of respiratory distress and early antibiotic treatment.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2014

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the perceived nursing needs and the differences by general characteristics of parents of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to provide useful evidences developing a new intervention for family-centered care in NICU. Methods: A convenience sample of 121 parents of infants in NICU was used and the participants asked to complete the Korean version of NICU Family Needs Inventory (NFNI) from April to May, 2014. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results: The participants reported high average score in the perceived nursing needs. In subscales, needs for assurance rated highest score and needs for information, proximity, support, and comfort were followed. Mothers reported higher nursing needs score than fathers except the subscale of support. Conclusion: The findings suggest that nurses in NICU actively provide information about treatment, nursing, results of laboratory tests, and current status to give reassurance to parents. Not only providing informational support of parents of NICU infants, but also finding methods to contact to parents is necessary. In addition, nurses need to provide optimized intervention in current healthcare system and hospital environment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.324-333
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different oral care treatments on the oral state of patients with intubation in intensive care units. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group design with repeated measures. The patients were assigned a normal saline, chlorhexidine or toothbrushing group. Each group received its own oral care treatment for 5 minutes, twice a day and for 8 days. The oral assessment guide, hygiene performance index and pathogenic microorganisms. Data were collected from patients before the experiment, 4 days after, and 8 days after completion and were evaluated. Results: The chlorhexidine group and tooth brushing group showed significant improvement on the oral assessment guide and decrease in the hygiene performance index, compared to the normal saline group. Similarly, pathogenic microorganisms were significantly decreased in the chlorhexidine group and tooth brushing group, when compared to the normal saline group. Conclusions: Oral treatments with chlorhexidine and toothbrushing improve the oral health state of patients, therefore use of chlorhexidine and toothbrushing could be an effective nursing intervention for intubated patients in intensive care units.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1980

The process of biological treatment of organic wastewater is principally associated with those of self-purification in the natural water environment. The treatment system has e intensive function of stabilizing wastewater more effectively than in natural water, which is like natural water concentrated in a small space. Biological treatment of wastewater involves activated sludge and various modified process, trickling filter, rotating disk, oxidation ditch, etc. for aerobic decomposition and anaerobic processes such as anaerobic decomposition and methane fermentation. The basic characteristic of these processes is the use of mixed culture for the conversion of pollutants. This review forcuses on the various kinds of microorganisms related to each treatment processes. Kinetic analysis of the activated sludge process is discussed in order to understand the basis of control and maintenance of the biological treatment process.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 1997

Background : A pressure sore was defined as any skin lesion caused by unrelieved pressure and resulting in damage to underlying tissue. The health care institutions in the United States were reported the incident rate of pressure sores ranging from 6 to 14 %. Intensive Care Unit needed highest quality of care has been found over 40% incidence rate of pressure sore. Also, Annual expenditures for the care of pressure sores in patients in the United States have been estimated to be $7.5 billion; furthermore, 50 percent more nursing time is required to care for patients with pressure sore in comparison to the time needed to implement preventive measures against pressure sore formation. However, In Korea, there were little reliable reports, or researches, about incidence rates of pressure sore in health care institution including intensive care unit and about the integrated approach like CQI action team for risk assessment, prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Therefore, this study was to develop pressure sore risk assessment tool and the protocol for prevention of pressure sore formation through CQI action team activities, to monitor incident rate of pressure sore and the length of sore formation for patients at high risk, and to approximately estimate nursing time for sore dressing during research period as the effect of CQI action team. Method : CQI action team in intensive care unit, launched since early 1996, reviewed the literature for the standardized risk assessment tool, developed the pressure sore assessment tool based on the Braden Scale, tested its validity, compared on statistics including incidence rate of pressure sore for patients at high risk. Throughout these activities, CQI action team was developed the protocol, called as St. Marys hospital Intensive Care Unit Pressure Sore Protocol, shifted the emphasis from wound treatment to wound prevention. After applied the protocol to patients at high risk, the incident rate and the period of prevention against pressure development were tested with those for patients who received care before implementation of protocol by Chi-square and Kaplan-Meier Method of Survival Analysis. Result : The CQI action team found that these was significant difference of in incidence rate of pressure sores between patients at high risk (control group) who received care before implementation of protocol and those (experimental group) who received it after implementation of protocol (p<.05). 25% possibility of pressure sore formation was shown for the patients with 6th hospital day in ICU in control group. In experimental group, the patients with 10th hospital day had 10% possibility of pressure sore. Therefore, there was significant difference(p<.05) in survival rate between two groups. Also, nursing time for dressing on pressure sore in experimental group was decreased as much as 50% of it in control group. Conclusion : The collaborative team effort led to reduced incidence, increased the length of prevention against pressure sore, and declined nursing care times for sore dressing. However, there have had several suggestions for future study. The preventive care system for pressure sore should be applied to patients at moderate, or low risk throughout continuous CQI team activities based on Bed Sore Indicator Fact Sheet. Hospital-wide supports, such as incentives, would be offered to participants for keeping strong commitment to CQI team. Also, Quality Information System monitoring incidents and estimating cost of poor quality, like workload (full time equivalence) or financial loss, regularly in a hospital has to be developed first for supporting CQI team activities as well as empowering hospital-wide QI implementation. Being several limitations, this study would be one of the report cards for the CQI team activities in intensive care unit of an acute hospital and a trial of quality improvement of health care in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2002

Most of physical therapists has thought be exposed themselves to risk of hospital infection but it is reported that have been low concern about infection management. Above like this haven t done systematical education on hospital infection, also physical therapist's information management of infection disease is found very low. It is lack of driving information about disease condition of the patients. Physical therapists has thought their working room may be polluted a lots of micro-organism(%). The control situation of infection waste articles, only 53% responded that the controller has managed very intensive so we can feel to need more intensive It's reported that air culture investigation of physical therapy room has never initiated. To wash the hand, before, after treatment of the patients of physical therapist, is very low frequency. And 73% have responded that the time to wash the hand stays 15-45 second. It is examined that 70% physical therapy room is equipped with washing system, a response of 58% disinfects physical therapy room 1-2times per one month. 36% responded disinfection of treatment modality have done everyday, 25% responded have never done. The location physical therapy room is above one floor - 65%. A response of 57% is ventilation system sufficiency, it is considered that physical therapists needs more efforts on management of hospital infection.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.702-707
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• 2011

Patients with lumbar disc herniation are faced with lowered quality of life. For this reason, we investigated the effects of Oriental Intensive Therapy (OIT) including acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, manual therapy and herbal medicine on patients with lumbar disc herniation. Ten patients, diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation by MRI in hospital, were treated with OIT for 12 weeks. Symptoms of the patients were assessed using Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). All patients were investigated every a week. In our results, intensity of pain was reduced after 4 weeks treatment significantly by VNRS, Quality of life has also improved after 4 weeks treatment by ODI. In conclusion, this study suggests that OIT may be effective to treat patients with lumbar disc herniation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 2019

It is difficult to differentiate acute skin failure (ASF) from pressure ulcer (PU). ASF is defined as unavoidable injury resulting from hypoperfusion caused by severe dysfunction of another organ system. We describe a case of ASF mistaken as PU that resulted in a legal dispute. A 74-year-old male patient was admitted to our intensive care unit with sepsis due to bacterial pneumonia. Despite the use of air cushions and regular position changes, skin ulcerations occurred over his occiput, back, buttock, elbow, and ankle. After improvement in his general condition, he was transferred to the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Debridement was performed immediately, followed by conservative treatment (including a vacuum-assisted closure device) for 6 weeks. The buttock and occiput wounds were treated surgically. Despite complete healing, his caregivers sued the hospital for failing to prevent PU formation. ASF is a pressure-related injury resulting from hemodynamic instability due to organ system failure. Unlike PU, ASF may occur despite the implementation of all appropriate preventive measures. Furthermore, misdiagnosis of ASF as PU can lead to litigation. Therefore, it is critical for the proper diagnosis to be made quickly, and for physicians to explain that ASF occurs despite proper preventative treatment.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.388-393
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• 2002

Heat-treatment-free steels have been replacing for conventional quenched-and-tempered structural steels since the microalloyed forging steel was developed in early 1970s in Germany. Substantial cost reduction provides the driving force for this change. As a result of intensive R & D efforts and application trials, various kinds of grades, for example heat-treatment-free steels for hot forging, machining and cold heading, have been developed and moreover these steels are in tonnage production throughout the world. The developments in alloy steels, processing conditions and structure-property characteristics of the heat-treatment-free steels, are described and also recent trend and future prospect are summarized in this report.