• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.225-242
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• 2012

This is the first attempt to produce simultaneous surface current field from satellite altimeter data for the entire East Sea and to provide surface current information to users with formal description. It is possible to estimate surface geostrophic current field in near real-time because satellite altimeters and coastal tide gauges supply sea level data for the whole East Sea. Strength and location of the major currents and meso-scale eddies can be identified from the estimated surface geostrophic current field. The mean locations of major surface currents were explicated relative to topographic, ocean-surface and undersea features with schematic representation of surface circulation. In order to demonstrate the practical use of this surface current information, exemplary descriptions of annual, seasonal and monthly mean surface geostrophic current distributions were presented. In order to objectively classify surface circulation patterns in the East Sea, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was performed on the estimated 16-year (1993-2008) surface current data. The first mode was associated with intensification or weakening of the East Korea Warm Current (EKWC) flowing northward along the east coast of Korea and of the anti-cyclonic circulation southwest of Yamato Basin. The second mode was associated with meandering paths of the EKWC in the southern East Sea with wavelength of 300 km. The first and second modes had inter-annual variations. The East Sea surface circulation was classified as inertial boundary current pattern, Tsushima Warm Current pattern, meandering pattern, and Offshore Branch pattern by the time coefficient of the first two EOF modes.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.111-128
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• 2020

This study presents a possibility of intensification of fine dust mass concentration due to the complex urban structure using data mining technique and clustering analysis. The data mining technique showed no significant correlation between fine dust concentration and regional-use public urban data over Seoul. However, clustering analysis based on nationwide-use public data showed that building heights (floors) have a strong correlation particularly with PM₁₀. The modeling analyses using the single canopy model and the micro-atmospheric modeling program (ENVI-Met. 4) conducted that the controlled atmospheric convection in urban area leaded to the congested flow pattern depending on the building along the distribution and height. The complex structure of urban building controls convective activity resulted in stagnation condition and fine dust increase near the surface. Consequently, the residual effect through the changes in the thermal environment caused by the shape and structure of the urban buildings must be considered in the fine dust distribution. It is notable that the atmospheric congestion may be misidentified as an important implications for providing information about the residual probability of fine dust mass concentration in the complex urban area.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.101-117
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• 2007

Recently, in the process of distribution industry's growth, distribution environment is changing rapidly by appearance of new business condition and strategy of multiple store. According to the intensification of competition, recently large discount stores are developing private brand(PB) products for the purpose of product differentiation and profitability. But after the economic crisis in 1997, young housewives and salaried man's that have rational and practical buying pattern become the core consumer's in the large discount stores. Hence low price strategy is not new things for the consumer's anymore. In addition to, acquiring new consumer, many discount stores are establishing new stores at the rural area. But they undergo hardships of establishing new stores at the rural area because of disparity consumer's behavior, income level and consumption's pattern among regions. So, when they try to establish new stores, they need to know consumer's behavior at the region. Therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze preference property for the private brand(PB) of large discount stores in Gyeonggi-Do.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.5 s.110
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• pp.584-593
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• 2005

The spatial and temporal variations of heating degree-days (HDDs) and cooling degree-days (CDDs) are closely related with the temperature field. The spatial distribution of 30-year mean HDDs shows that the higher values locates in the northern part of South Korea while the lower values locates in the southern part. The 30-year mean CDDs shows a more randomized distribution than the HDDs. The changing trends of HDDs and CDDs show a different feature: HDDs have a distinct decreasing trend while CDDs have an insignificant change. The decreasing trends of HDDs are consistent over South Korea and most of stations have experienced the statistically significant change. As significant changing areas of HDDs are much broader than those of annual mean temperature, HDDs can be more useful than annual mean temperature to detect the climate change impact on a regional level. In other words, an insignificant change on the mean temperature field can induce the significant change of thermal climatology in a region. The temporal pattern of climatic departure index (CDI) for South Korea HDDs series shows a general decreasing, but a sharp increase during recent years. The drastic decrease of HDDs induces higher CDI indicating larger variability among stations. However, the decrease of South Korea HDDs series cannot totally attribute to the global warming due to urban effects. By the early 1980s, there were no big differences of HDDs between urban and rural series, but later the differences are getting larger. This was expected to be with the intensification of urbanization in South Korea. However, still there is a decreasing trend of HDDs for rural stations.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.249-258
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• 2014

Despite the greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide have steadily increased in atmosphere, the overall trend of the global average surface air temperature has stalled during the last decade (2002-present). This phenomenon is often called hiatus or warming pause, which is challenging the prevailing view that anthropogenic forcing causes warming environment. Our study characterized the hiatus by analyzing the HadGEM2-AO (95 yrs) simulation data based on RCP8.5 scenario. The PC2 time series from the EOF of the zonal mean vertical ocean temperature has been defined as the index that represents the warming pause. The relationship between the hiatus, ENSO and the changes in climate system are identified by utilizing the newly defined PC2. Since the La Nina index (defined as the negative of NINO3 index) leads PC2 by about 11 months, it may be possible that the La Nina causes the warming to be interrupted. We also show that the cooling of the climate system closed tied to the heat penetration into the deep ocean, indicating the weakening the warming rate is due to the oceanic heat uptake. Finally, the global warming hiatus is characterized by the anomalous warming in Arctic region as well as the intensification of the trade wind in the equatorial Pacific.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2004

The recent ERP and CRM is mostly focused on the conventional function performances. However, the recent business environment has brought the change in market due to the rapid progress of internet and e-commerce. It is mostly becoming e-business and spreading out as development of the relationship with other cooperating companies, the rapid progress of the relationship with customers, and intensification competitive power through the development of business progress in the organization. CRM(custom relationship management) is a kind of the marketing progress which forms, manages, and intensifies the relationship between the customers and companies to manage the acquired customers and increase the worth of customers for the company. It needs the system base which analyzes the information of customers since it functions on the basis of various information about customers and is linked to the business category such as producing, marketing, and decision making. Since ERP is extending its function to SCM, CRM, and SEM(strategic Enterprise Management), the 21 century s ERP develop as the strategy tool of e-business and, as the mediation for this, will subdivide the functions of CRM effectively by the analogic study of data. Also, to accomplish classification work of the file which in existing becomes accomplished with possibility work with an automatic movement with the user will be able to accomplish a more efficiently work the agent which in order leads the machine studying law, it is one thing with system feature.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.257-266
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• 2000

A vertically-averaged, two-dimensional version of the Princeton Ocean Model has been applied to the South Sea to simulate the circulation driven by tides and inflows/outflows across open boundaries. To incorporate both forcing properly, a two-step modeling approach is adopted, in which the tidal circulation is first simulated by specifying the tides along the open boundaries, and then both the calculated tidal currents and the observed steady mean currents are prescribed across the open boundaries. Model results show that the steady, subtidal circulation of the South Sea is different from the residual circulation due to tidal rectification, and subtidal currents become locally as strong as tidal currents. The Cheju Current entering the model domain across the Cheju Strait flows eastward in general while shifting onshore or offshore areas following local isobaths. The Tsushima Current entering across the southern boundary reaches farther to the north in the eastern vicinity of Cheju-Do as compared to that entering across other parts of the southern boundary. The Tsushima Current turns to the east, merges with the Cheju Current, and both the Cheju and Tsushima Current exit to the East Sea through the western channel of the Korea Strait. An intensification of the outflow occurs over the deep trough adjacent to the Tsushima Island, which appears to be due to the formation of the frictional boundary layer in order to remove excess positive relative vorticity generated by an increase in the layer thickness. The circulation driven by both the tidal and inflows/outflows is different from that driven by each forcing separately in coastal areas, which implies that both forcings should be considered simultaneously in the simulation of more realistic coastal circulation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.633-642
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• 2002

Enteric colibacillosis has economically become an important disease of young animals as a result of increasing intensification of farrowing management. The objective of this experiment is to isolate fimbrial antigen from enterotoxigenic E. coli F41, to develop specific polyclonal IgY which can effectively neutralize or reduce the proliferation of pathogens in feed or living animal system, and to apply IgY technologies to animal industry. The results obtained were as follows: The molecular weight of the purified F41 antigen was 29,500 dalton on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Fimbrial antigen was confirmed by the western blot method. It was observed that after immunization the level of serum antibody titer of laying hen was shown in two weeks and gradually increased. The antibody titer in egg yolk appeared two weeks after it was shown in serum antibody. The titers of egg yolk antibody were gradually increased to the maximum level of 320,000 (antigen 50${\mu}g$/$m\ell$), 450,000 (antigen 200${\mu}g$/$m\ell$), and 320,000 (antigen 600${\mu}g$/$m\ell$). According to the results of specificity test by ELISA, the anti-F41 antibodies from chicken serum and egg yolk reacted only with ETEC F41 antigen. There was no cross reaction with other ETEC strains (K88, K99, and 987P). In vitro condition, as a result of antigen binding ability of yolk antibodies, bacterial concentration was rapidly decreased to $10^5$ CFU/$m\ell$ from $10^9$ CFU/$m\ell$ when 2${\sim}$4 mg/$m\ell$ of freeze dried WSF (water soluble fraction) was added.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.199-215
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• 1999

A quantitative analysis was conduct on the economic effect of electronic commerce according to the method of constructing the internet. As a consequence, it was information retrieval cost that had the most cost retrenchment effect in connecting the internet by telephone, which saved about 353,700 won. And it was found that the dedicated line to electronic commerce saved 420,600 won of information retrieval cost and a considerable amount of 319,900 won of brokerage expenses and physical distribution expenses. In terms of value, it was found that the telephone line reduced the time of order process by 8.25%, whereas the dedicated line did so by 9.41% and therefore saved more time than the telephone line. It was found that the dedicated line convenient to use had the higher effect by about 1.2%, respectively than the telephone line in terms of the effective construction of corporate image and the increase of potential buyers. In terms of business management, the intensification of corporate competitiveness improved by 10.00% in case of less than 10 times and by 11.53% in case of 50 to less than 50 times. And it was found that the effect of profit increase as the number of inquiries was large. That is, it was found that the effect of profit increase was 10.88% when the number of inquiries was less than 10 times but it increased to 14.00% in case of 50∼1ess than 100 times. The limitation of this study is that because the size of samples through mail, interview and E-mail was not large, its results have some limitation in applying them to every firm. That is, since the improvement effect of the intrafirm business method, unnecessary repeated manual paperwork and the use effect of being able to maintain the close relationship with to the parties to trades in the process of prompt receipt and delivery of documents are long-term and indirect effects, they have some limitation in that they can not be measured as coefficients but only as scales. Thus, firms using electronic commerce have difficulty enjoying a uniformly identical effect. Therefore, to revitalize electronic commerce, it is thought that government, the academic community and the business world all need to make much research into and sustained investment in electronic commerce.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

The steel industry, a representative industry that significantly consumes raw materials and energy, produces steel as well as a large amount of by-product steel slag through the production process. The vast habitat foundation of marine life has been destroyed due to recent reckless marine development and environment pollution, resulting in intensification of the decline of marine resources, and a solution to this issue is imperative. In order to propose a method to recycle large amounts of by-product slag into a material that can serve as an alternative to natural aggregate, the engineering properties and applicability for each mixing factor of environment friendly porous concrete as a material for the composition of marine ranches were evaluated in this study. The test results for percentage of voids per mixing ratio revealed that the margin of error for all conditions was within 2.5%. The compressive strength test results showed that the most outstanding environmental friendly porous concrete can be manufactured when mixing 30% slag aggregate and 10% specially treated granular fertilizer for the optimum volume fraction. As concrete for marine applications, the best seawater resistance was obtained with mixing conditions for high compression strength. An assessment of the ability to provide a marine life habitat foundation of environmentally friendly porous concrete showed that a greater percentage of voids facilitated implantation and inhabitation of marine life, and the mixing of specially treated granular fertilizer led to active initial implantation and activation of inhabitation. The evaluation of harmfulness to marine life depending on the mixture of slag aggregate and specially treated granular fertilizer revealed that the stability of fish is secured.