• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.6 s.165
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• pp.911-922
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• 2007

In this study, for the purpose of correct viewing on the image of Africa and understanding of modem fashion, African image and art, the general characteristics of African costume, the background of fashion subjecting African image, and the trend according to ages were examined based on theoretical background. Then the researcher drew African image by analyzing the works in four 2005 S/S major fashion collections to designers and design factors. The ten voted designers' and brands' works in 2005 S/S collections had four concepts of African image; 'Wild Erotic', 'Abstract Primitive', 'Natural Elegant' and 'Sporty Romantic'. The viewpoint of modem fashion on African image from the aspect of design, designer and fashion trend can be examined as below. First, African costume, which was religious and ceremonial, appeared to emphasize its esthetic side with decorative details in modem fashion design and designers competed to choose a method to harmonize tradition and modem style and by adopting these from occult to decorative meaning, Second, fashion designers presented city unpolished beauty of modem women to a special style and made african image to be recognized as a code of fashion culture by integrating it with modem people's mind to go back to the past and admiration for the purity of nature. Third, thanks to the instinctive vitality hidden in the primitive life, inspiration for creative design that is found in the esthetic mind of the Indians, foreign taste emphasizing ethnic trend, and admiration to naturalism due to the increase of concern over ecology, 'African image' led the beginning of 21C trend by being settled as a in fashion trend.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2017

This study presents measures to enhance the efficiency of Successive Alkalinity Producing Systems(SAPS), a natural biological purification method that prevents environmental pollution arising from the release of Acid Mine Drainage(AMD) from abandoned mines into rivers and groundwater. The treatment of AMD using SAPS is based on biological processing technology that mostly involves sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB). It has been proven effective in real-world applications, and has been employed in various projects on the purification of AMD. However, seasonal decrease in temperature leads to a deterioration in the efficiency of the process because sulfate-reducing activity is almost non-existent during cold winters and early spring even if SRB is able to survive. Against this backdrop, this study presents measures to enhance the activity of the SRB of the organic layer by integrating light emitting diode(LED)s in SAPS and to maintain the active temperature using LEDs in cold winters. Given that mine drainage facilities are located in areas where power cannot be easily supplied, solar cell modules are proposed as the main power source for LEDs. By conducting further research based on the present study, it will be possible to enhance the efficiency of AMD treatment under extreme cold weather using solar energy and LEDs, which will serve as an environmentally-friendly solution in line with the era of green growth.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.658-669
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• 2015

The paradigm of game development changes with technological trends. If the system can analyze and determine undefined inputs, users' input choices are not restricted. Therefore, game scenarios can have multifarious flows depending upon the user's input data. In this paper, we propose a method of including an output plan in the game system that is based on the user's input but is not restricted to predefined choices. We have implemented an experimental game on the Android platform by combining network communication and APIs. The game interface works as follows: first, the user's input data is transmitted to the server using HTTP protocol; then, the server carries out an analysis on the input data; and finally, the server returns the decision result to the game device. The game can provide users a scenario that corresponds to the decision results. In this paper, we used an image file for the user's input data format. The server calculates similarities between the user's image file and reference images obtained from the Naver Image Search API and then returns determination results. We have confirmed the value of integrating the game development framework with other computing technologies demonstrating the potential of the proposed methods for application to various future game interfaces.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.2590-2596
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• 2015

A meta-analysis is a statistical integration method that delivers an opportunity to overview the entire result of integrating and analyzing many quantitative research results. This study will find meaningful mediator variables for criterion variables that affects between pre and post in the metabolic syndrome studies, on the basis of the results of a meta analysis. We reviewed a total of 36 studies related the metabolic syndrome published in Korean journals between 2000 and 2015, where a cause and effect relationship is established between variables that are specified in the conceptual model of this study. In this meta-analysis, the path between pre and post in the waist circumference showed the biggest effect size (r = .420). The second biggest effect size (r = -.402) was found the path between pre and post in the high density lipoprotein cholesterol. By the way, one the smallest effect size (r = .234) was obtained the path between pre and post in the diastolic blood pressure. Thus, we present the theoretical and practical implications of these results.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2007

Purpose: There has been a need to integrating the self-help program for arthritis with the TaiChi for arthritis patient. The purpose of this study was to develop and to examine the effect of the Self-help and Tai Chi for arthritis (SHTCA) program for arthritis. Method: This study was designed non equivalent control group pre-post test, quasi-experimental design. A total 40 participants were recruited in W-city, 29 participants(14-experimental group and 15-control group) completed post test. The experimental group participated in the SHTCA once a week for 8 weeks. SHTCA program was consisted of understanding of the arthritis, contracting of the promise, exercise for muscle strength and joint flexibility and 8 movements of Tai Chi exercise. Coloring plus program to cellular phone was used to encourage the exercise and participation by the KT-SHUT twice a week. Measures used to examine the effect of the SHTCA were EQ-5D standardized five dimensions(mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain & discomfort, and anxiety & depression), and health perception, joint flexibility, grasping power, and balance. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS WIN 14.0. Results: The experimental group had significantly increased the EQ-mobility(p=.033), health perception(p=.000), right shoulder flexibility(p=.007), and left shoulder flexibility(p=.002) compared to the control group. In addition, pain was decreased(p=.052) and right grip was increased(p=.052) after 8 weeks program in the experimental group. Conclusion: This SHTCA using coloring plus program was found partially effective and satisfactory. We recommended further research on the effect of this SHTCA effects.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.224-238
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• 2001

본 논문은 ATM(Abstract Timed Machine)으로 명세된 실시간 시스템을 검증하기 위한 방법을 기술한다. ATM은 임무 위급 시스템인 실시간 시스템을 명세, 분석, 검증하기 위한 정형기법이다. ATM은 모드와 전이, 포트로 구성되어 있으며 모드는 머신의 압축된 상태를 표현한다. 전이는 하나의 모드에서 다른 모드로의 전환을 나타내며 조건과 이벤트로 구성되어 있다. 포트는 ATM간의 상호작용을 위한 진입을 표현한다. 다른 정형기법과 비교하여 ATM은 소프트웨어의 순환공학 과정에서 사용하기 위해 설계되었다. 역공학 측면에서 볼 때 ATM은 계산 논리뿐만 아니라 실시간 시스템의 실제 소스코드에 있는 설계나 환경정보를 표현할 수 있다. 이러한 목적을 위해 ATM의 모드는 계산모드, 추상화 모드, 주제모드로 구분된다. 계산 모드는 코드 상에서의 논리와 계산을 나타내며 추상화 모드는 모드와 전이의 블록을 하나의 ATM으로써 표현한다. 대개의 경우, 이것은 코드 상에서의 블록을 ATM내 하나의 모드로 나타낼 때 사용한다. 주제 모드는 예외나 주기적 동작 등과 같은 다수의 ATM의 주제를 표현한다. 실시간 시스템을 검증하기 위해 시스템의 소스 코드는 역명세 과정을 통하여 ATM으로 표현된다. 검증은 ATM에 대한 도달성 그래프를 생성하는 것에 의해 수행된다. 도달성 그래프는 상태와 시간을 추상화되고 압축된 형태로 표현할 수 있으며 그 결과 시간 속성을 지닌 상태 공간을 감소시킬 수 있다. 또한 시스템의 교착상태를 쉽게 발견할 수 있다. 본 논문은 ATM과 실행 모델, 도달성 그래프, 검증을 위한 속성 등을 기술하며 이들을 다른 정형 방법들과 예제를 통하여 비교한다.수 있다. 모피우스는 헤더나 광고와 같은 불필요한 정보들을 제거하는 별도의 단계를 거치지 않으므로 wrapper를 빠르게 생성한다. 궁극적으로 모피우스는 새로운 웹 상점을 사용자가 자유롭게 추가, 삭제할 수 있는 환경을 제공한다.X>와 반응시킬 경우에는 반응식 c에 의거 진행됨을 예측할 수 있었다.의거 진행됨을 예측할 수 있었다.이 거의 산화되지 않았고, $700^{\circ}C$에서도 ZnS와 ZnO 상이 공존한 것으로 보아 SnO$_2$코팅이 ZnS의 산화를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다.pplied not only to the strike system in the RSC circle, but also to the logistics system in the SLC circle. Thus, the RSLC model can maximize combat synergy effects by integrating the RSC and the SLC. With a similar logic, this paper develops "A Revised System of Systems with Logistics (RSSL)" which combines "A New system of Systems" and logistics. These tow models proposed here help explain several issues such as logistics environment in future warfare, MOE(Measure of Effectiveness( on logistics performance, and COA(Course of Actions)

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2013

Developing English-Korean machine translation system requires the construction of information about the languages, and the amount of information in English-Korean transfer dictionary is especially critical to the translation quality. Newly created words are out-of-vocabulary words and they appear as they are in the translated sentence, which decreases the translation quality. Also, compound nouns make lexical and syntactic analysis complex and it is difficult to accurately translate compound nouns due to the lack of information in the transfer dictionary. In order to improve the translation quality of English-Korean machine translation, we must continuously expand the information of the English-Korean transfer dictionary by collecting the out-of-vocabulary words and the compound nouns frequently used. This paper proposes a method for expanding of the transfer dictionary, which consists of constructing corpus from internet newspapers, extracting the words which are not in the existing dictionary and the frequently used compound nouns, attaching meaning to the extracted words, and integrating with the transfer dictionary. We also develop the tool supporting the expansion of the transfer dictionary. The expansion of the dictionary information is critical to improving the machine translation system but requires much human efforts. The developed tool can be useful for continuously expanding the transfer dictionary, and so it is expected to contribute to enhancing the translation quality.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.41.1-41.14
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• 2021

Background: Our previously prepared ceftiofur (CEF) hydrochloride oily suspension shows potential wide applications for controlling swine Streptococcus suis infections, while the irrational dose has not been formulated. Objectives: The rational dose regimens of CEF oily suspension against S. suis were systematically studied using a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model method. Methods: The healthy and infected pigs were intramuscularly administered CEF hydrochloride oily suspension at a single dose of 5 mg/kg, and then the plasma and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) were collected at different times. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration, mutant prevention concentration (MPC), post-antibiotic effect (PAE), and time-killing curves were determined. Subsequently, the area under the curve by the MIC (AUC_0-24h/MIC) values of desfuroylceftiofur (DFC) in the PELF was obtained by integrating in vivo pharmacokinetic data of the infected pigs and ex vivo pharmacodynamic data using the sigmoid E_max (Hill) equation. The dose was calculated based on the AUC_0-24h/MIC values for bacteriostatic action, bactericidal action, and bacterial elimination. Results: The peak concentration, the area under the concentration-time curve, and the time to peak for PELF's DFC were 24.76 ± 0.92 ㎍/mL, 811.99 ± 54.70 ㎍·h/mL, and 8.00 h in healthy pigs, and 33.04 ± 0.99 ㎍/mL, 735.85 ± 26.20 ㎍·h/mL, and 8.00 h in infected pigs, respectively. The MIC of PELF's DFC against S. suis strain was 0.25 ㎍/mL. There was strong concentration-dependent activity as determined by MPC, PAE, and the time-killing curves. The AUC_0-24h/MIC values of PELF's DFC for bacteriostatic activity, bactericidal activity, and virtual eradication of bacteria were 6.54 h, 9.69 h, and 11.49 h, respectively. Thus, a dosage regimen of 1.94 mg/kg every 72 h could be sufficient to reach bactericidal activity. Conclusions: A rational dosage regimen was recommended, and it could assist in increasing the treatment effectiveness of CEF hydrochloride oily suspension against S. Suis infections.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.19
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• pp.251-291
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• 2009

Due to the trend toward computerization of business services in public sector and the push for e-government, the volume of records that are produced in electronic system and the types of records vary as well. Of those types, dataset is attracting everyone's attention because it is rapidly being supplied. Even though the administrative information system stipulated as an electronic record production system is increasing in number, as it is in blind spot for records management, the system can be superannuated or the records can be lost in case new system is developed. In addition, the system was designed not considering records management, it is managed in an unsatisfactory state because of not meeting the features and quality requirements as records management system. In the advanced countries, they recognized the importance of dataset and then managed the archives for dataset and carried out the project on management systems and a preservation formats for keeping data. Korea also is carrying out the researches on an dataset and individual administrative information systems, but the official scheme has not been established yet. In this study the items for managing archives which should be reflected when the administrative information system is designed was offered in two respects - an identification method and a quality requirement. The major directions for this system are as follows. First, as the dataset is a kind of an electronic record, it is necessary to reflect this factor from the design step prior to production. Second, the system should be established integrating the strategy for records management to the information strategy for the whole organization. In this study, based on such two directions the strategies to establish the identification for dataset in a frame to push e-government were suggested. The problem on the archiving steps including preservation format and the management procedures in dataset archive does not included in the research contents. In line with this, more researches on those contents as well as a variety of researches on dataset are expected to be more actively conducted.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.459-466
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• 2018

Gendered innovations is a term used by policy makers and academics to refer the process of creating better research and development (R&D) for both men and women. In this paper, we analyze the literatures in image and speech signal processing that can be used in ICT, examine the importance of gendered innovations through case study. Therefore the latest domestic and foreign literature related to image and speech signal processing based on gender research is searched and a total of 9 papers are selected. In terms of gender analysis, research subjects, research environment, and research design are examined separately. Especially, through the case analysis of algorithms of the elderly voice signal processing, machine learning, machine translation technology, and facial gender recognition technology, we found that there is gender bias in existing algorithms, and which leads to gender analysis is required. We also propose a gendered innovations method integrating sex and gender analysis in algorithm development. Gendered innovations in ICT can contribute to the creation of new markets by developing products and services that reflect the needs of both men and women.