• 공업화학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 폴리아닐린(PANI)을 제조하여 큰 분자량의 유기산인 10-camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) 또는 dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA)로 도핑시키고, polyethylene oxide (PEO)와 함께 블렌딩하여 전기방사 용액을 제조하였다. 제조된 용액을 전기방사하여 섬유형태로 만든 후, TGA와 전기화학 장치(cyclic voltammetry; CV)로 열적, 전기적 성질을 CSA 또는 DBSA로 도핑된 PANI의 함량에 따라 비교, 분석하였다. 본 실험 결과, PANI-CSA와 PANI-DBSA의 함량이 증가함에 따라 열분해 개시온도는 감소하지만 열안정성 지수와 적분 열분해 진행온도가 증가하는 것으로 보아 열안정성은 증가하는 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 전기전도도는 PANI-CSA와 PANI-DBSA의 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나 30% 이상이 되면 전도도가 일정해지는 것으로 나타났다. 순환전류젼압 곡선 결과, PANI/CSA는 PANI-DBSA 보다 피크가 좀 더 명확해지며, 전류밀도가 크게 나타났다. 이는 PANI/CSA가 약간 더 높은 전기전도도와 전하가 이동하기 쉬운 모폴로지를 가지고 있기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2010

Mg-BCP(Mg Substituted BCP)를 제조하기 위하여 $Ca(NO_3)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$(Katayama chemical, Japan)과 $(NH_4)_2{\cdot}HPO_4$ (Junsei chemical, Japan), $Mg(NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$(Junsei chemical, Japan)를 출발물질로 공침법(co-precipitation process)을 이용하여 합성하였다. 제조된 분말의 마그네슘의 첨가에 따른 분말의 분광학적 특성은 FT-IR(MAGNA-IR 560, Nicolet)을 통하여 분석하였으며, SEM(S-4200, Hitachi)을 통하여 미세구조를 분석하였다. XRD 회절피크의 면적적분강도를 Integral Analysis (Rigaku, Japan)를 이용하여 HAp와 ${\beta}$-TCP의 비율을 확인하였다. 1.0 wt% 마그네슘이 첨가된 BCP 샘플의 경우 Hank's solution에서의 2주 침적 후 표면에 침상의 HAp로 추정되는 결정이 성장하였다. 이러한 미세구조의 변화는 생활성을 가지는 마그네슘의 첨가가 BCP 조직 내에서 표면의 활성을 증가시켜 결정의 성장을 촉진시킨 것으로 판단된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.207-228
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• 2007

Measuring Information Technology(IT) organizations' activities have been limited to mainly measure financial indicators for a long time. However, according to the multifarious functions of Information System, a number of researches have been done for the new trends on measurement methodologies that come with financial measurement as well as new measurement methods. Especially, the researches on IT Balanced Scorecard(BSC), concept from BSC measuring IT activities have been done as well in recent years. BSC provides more advantages than only integration of non-financial measures in a performance measurement system. The core of BSC rests on the cause-and-effect relationships between measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures, communication, and realization of the corporate strategy and incentive controlled actions. More recently, BSC proponents have focused on the need to tie measures together into a causal chain of performance, and to test the validity of these hypothesized effects to guide the development of strategy. Kaplan and Norton[2001] argue that one of the primary benefits of the balanced scorecard is its use in gauging the success of strategy. Norreklit[2000] insist that the cause-and-effect chain is central to the balanced scorecard. The cause-and-effect chain is also central to the IT BSC. However, prior researches on relationship between information system and enterprise strategies as well as connection between various IT performance measurement indicators are not so much studied. Ittner et al.[2003] report that 77% of all surveyed companies with an implemented BSC place no or only little interest on soundly modeled cause-and-effect relationships despite of the importance of cause-and-effect chains as an integral part of BSC. This shortcoming can be explained with one theoretical and one practical reason[Blumenberg and Hinz, 2006]. From a theoretical point of view, causalities within the BSC method and their application are only vaguely described by Kaplan and Norton. From a practical consideration, modeling corporate causalities is a complex task due to tedious data acquisition and following reliability maintenance. However, cause-and effect relationships are an essential part of BSCs because they differentiate performance measurement systems like BSCs from simple key performance indicator(KPI) lists. KPI lists present an ad-hoc collection of measures to managers but do not allow for a comprehensive view on corporate performance. Instead, performance measurement system like BSCs tries to model the relationships of the underlying value chain in cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, to overcome the deficiencies of causal modeling in IT BSC, sound and robust causal modeling approaches are required in theory as well as in practice for offering a solution. The propose of this study is to suggest critical success factors(CSFs) and KPIs for measuring performance for IT organizations and empirically validate the casual relationships between those CSFs. For this purpose, we define four perspectives of BSC for IT organizations according to Van Grembergen's study[2000] as follows. The Future Orientation perspective represents the human and technology resources needed by IT to deliver its services. The Operational Excellence perspective represents the IT processes employed to develop and deliver the applications. The User Orientation perspective represents the user evaluation of IT. The Business Contribution perspective captures the business value of the IT investments. Each of these perspectives has to be translated into corresponding metrics and measures that assess the current situations. This study suggests 12 CSFs for IT BSC based on the previous IT BSC's studies and COBIT 4.1. These CSFs consist of 51 KPIs. We defines the cause-and-effect relationships among BSC CSFs for IT Organizations as follows. The Future Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Operational Excellence perspective. Then the Operational Excellence perspective will have positive effects on the User Orientation perspective. Finally, the User Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Business Contribution perspective. This research tests the validity of these hypothesized casual effects and the sub-hypothesized causal relationships. For the purpose, we used the Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modeling(or PLS Path Modeling) for analyzing multiple IT BSC CSFs. The PLS path modeling has special abilities that make it more appropriate than other techniques, such as multiple regression and LISREL, when analyzing small sample sizes. Recently the use of PLS path modeling has been gaining interests and use among IS researchers in recent years because of its ability to model latent constructs under conditions of nonormality and with small to medium sample sizes(Chin et al., 2003). The empirical results of our study using PLS path modeling show that the casual effects in IT BSC significantly exist partially in our hypotheses.