• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 2017

The real number M-ary QAM system can reduce PAPR and effectively improve the transmission efficiency as it increases gradually the value of M according to the state of channel. However, only approximate performance analysis was performed due to the complexity of the analysis. In this paper, we introduce an exact performance analysis considering the change of a boundary line due to the difference in frequency of use of the signal points. Also, we propose a new constellation of 2 time dimension ($3{\times}2^m$)-ary QAM with odd m which has better performance in PAPR. In the performance analysis, we obtain the signal point error rate and the bit error rate of real number M-ary QAM for the various values of m and compare performance between the proposed QAM and the conventional $2^k-ary$ QAM with integer k.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.639-654
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• 2005

The Lee and Carter method has widely used to forecast mortality because of the simple structure of model and the stable forecasting. The Lee and Carter method, however, also has limitations. The assumption of the rate of decline in mortality at each age remaining invariant over time has been violated in several decades. And, there is no way to include covariates in the model for better forecasts. Here we introduce Park, Choi and Kim method to make up for Lee and Carter's weak points by using two random processes. We discuss structural features of two methods. furthermore, for each method, we forecast life expectancy for 2005 to 2050 using South Korea data and compare the results.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.650-669
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• 2017

Coordinated multiple points transmission and reception (CoMP) technology is used to mitigate the inter-cell interference, and increase cell average user normalized throughput and cell edge user normalized throughput. There are two kinds of radio resource schedule strategies in LTE-A/5G CoMP system, and they are called centralized scheduling strategy and distributed scheduling strategy. The regional centralized scheduling cannot solve interference of inter-region, and the distributed scheduling leads to worse efficiency in the utilize of resources. In this paper, a novel distributed scheduling scheme named 9-Cell alternate authorization (9-CAA) is proposed. In our scheme, time-domain resources are divided orthogonally by coloring theory for inter-region cooperation in 9-Cell scenario [6]. Then, we provide a formula based on 0-1 integer programming to get chromatic number in 9-CAA. Moreover, a feasible optimal chromatic number search algorithm named CNS-9CAA is proposed. In addition, this scheme is expanded to 3-Cell scenario, and name it 3-Cell alternate authorization (3-CAA). At last, simulation results indicate that 9/3-CAA scheme exceed All CU CoMP, 9/3C CU CoMP and DLC resource scheduling scheme in cell average user normalized throughput. Especially, compared with the non-CoMP scheme as a benchmark, the 9-CAA and 3-CAA have improved the edge user normalized throughput by 17.2% and 13.0% respectively.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2005

Background: The basic concept of thermographic interpretation is the thermologic equality of both side in normal person. But both sides diseases were limited diagnostic values by thermographic interpretation, and this interpretation does not apply to the case in thermal temperature of each part of body. Nevertheless, the measurement conditions are not standardized. So, for its clinical applications are extended, we think that the measurement conditions are considered the individual variations. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the optimum conditions thermal temperature of the time period and region are not effected by internal and external variables. Methods: After the subjects took off their clothes, the filming were repeatedly five times made on duration of 5minutes during 20minutes. We selected nine regions around acupoints including Yin dang[印堂, HN1], Sugu[水溝, GV26], Ch’ondol[天突, CV22], Chonjung[CV17], Chung-wan[中脘, CV12], Ch’onch'u[天樞 S25], No-gung[勞宮, P8], and calculated based on the utility of R.O.I.(Region of Integer) in our system these points temperature. We measured the optimal time period and region that has little variation of thermal temperature. Results: The results shows that the optimal time period is 20minutes after undressed, and the optimal region is the region around acupoints including Sugu[水溝, GV26]. Conclusions: we obtained the measurement conditions were considered the individual variations. And also, this study offers basic sources for that the measurement conditions would be standardized. Furthermore, based on this results, we expect that clinical applications using thermography would be extended.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.109-116
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• 2015

This paper is concerned with the single vendor single buyer integrated production inventory problem. To make this problem more practical, space restriction and lead time proportional to lot size are considered. Since the space for the inventory is limited in most practical inventory system, the space restriction for the inventory of a vendor and a buyer is considered. As product's quantity to be manufactured by the vendor is increased, the lead time for the order is usually increased. Therefore, lead time for the product is proportional to the order quantity by the buyer. Demand is assumed to be stochastic and the continuous review inventory policy is used by the buyer. If the buyer places an order, then the vendor will start to manufacture products and the products will be transferred to the buyer with equal shipments many times. The mathematical formulation with space restriction for the inventory of a vendor and a buyer is suggested in this paper. This problem is constrained nonlinear integer programming problem. Order quantity, reorder points for the buyer, and the number of shipments are required to be determined. A Lagrangian relaxation approach, a popular solution method for constrained problem, is developed to find lower bound of this problem. Since a Lagrangian relaxation approach cannot guarantee the feasible solution, the solution method based on the Lagrangian relaxation approach is proposed to provide with a good feasible solution. Total costs by the proposed method are pretty close to those by the Lagrangian relaxation approach. Sensitivity analysis for space restriction for the vendor and the buyer is done to figure out the relationships between parameters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2000

In existing models in optimization, the crisp data improve has been used in the objective or constraints to derive the optimal solution, Besides, the subjective environments are eliminated because the complex and uncertain circumstances were regarded as Probable ambiguity, In other words those optimal solutions in the existing models could be the complete satisfactory solutions to the objective functions in the Process of application for industrial engineering methods to minimize risks of decision-making. As a result of those, decision-makers in location Problems couldn't face appropriately with the variation of demand as well as other variables and couldn't Provide the chance of wide selection because of the insufficient information. So under the circumstance. it has been to develop the model for the location and size decision problems of logistics facility in the use of the fuzzy theory in the intention of making the most reasonable decision in the Point of subjective view under ambiguous circumstances, in the foundation of the existing decision-making problems which must satisfy the constraints to optimize the objective function in strictly given conditions in this study. Introducing the Process used in this study after the establishment of a general mixed integer Programming(MIP) model based upon the result of existing studies to decide the location and size simultaneously, a fuzzy mixed integer Programming(FMIP) model has been developed in the use of fuzzy theory. And the general linear Programming software, LINDO 6.01 has been used to simulate, to evaluate the developed model with the examples and to judge of the appropriateness and adaptability of the model(FMIP) in the real world.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-130
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• 2008

Background: For standardizing of Han-Yeol [寒熱], which is a kind of diagnosis method in oriental medicine, it is necessary to investigate into relationship of symptoms and signs representative of Han-Yeol [寒熱] to the biofunctional medical signals; thermal temperature by Thermography, Pulse-Respiration Ratio and so on. By correlation analysis of these data items acquired from patients, it could be provides the fundamental data for standardizing of Han-Yeol [寒熱]. Objectives: We performed this study to check the characteristics of thermal temperature with Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio. Methods: We selected nine regions around acupoints including Yin dang[印堂], Sugu[水溝, GV26], Ch'ondol[天突, CV22], Chonjung[CV17], Chung-wan[中脘, CV12], Chonchu[天樞 S25], No-gung[勞官, P8], and calculated based on the utility of R.O.I.(Region of Integer) by IR-2000 these points temperature from 68 subjects. In practicing pulse-respiration ratio over 4.0 means the statues of Yeol [熱], pulse-respiration ratio below 4.0 means the statues of Han [寒]. To optimum conditions thermal temperature, which are not effected by internal and external variables, we studied preceding research. The results shows that optimal time period is 20minutes after undressed and the optimal region is the region around acupoints including Sugu [水溝, GV26]. Based on a preceding research results, we analyzed these data by Paired T-test between GV26 Region and 8-Thermography Regions and two-way repeated ANOVA with thermography$({\Delta}T)$ and Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio. Results: 1. In applying of two-way repeated ANOVA with thermography$({\Delta}T)$ and Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio, Sugu [水溝穴, GV26] - [印堂穴, HN1], Sugu 水溝, GV26] - Chonjung[CV17], Sugu [水溝, GV26] -Chung-wan[中脘, CV12]had significant differences. 2. In applying of Paired T-test between Sugu [水溝穴, GV26] Region and 8- Thermography Regions, there were significant differences except of Sugu [水溝穴, GV26] -Chondolp[天突, CV22]. 3. In the difference of Sugu [水溝, GV26] -Chung-wan[中脘, CV12], thermal temperature increases a lot in the statues of Yeol [熱], thermal temperature decreases a lot in the statues of Han [寒]. Conclusions: On the analysis of Thermography, we obtain the measurement conditions were considered the individual variations. And it is different that the thermal temperature change on Thermography according to Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.435-442
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• 2004

We obtained precise linear transverse displacements from the results of signal processing on moire fringes measured by the superposition of a fixed self-imaging elongated circular(EC) grating and a moved EC grating. The linear displacement less than one pitch of the moving EC grating was calculated from the position of a bright moire fringe generated on the linear grating part of the EC gratings. The moire signals were high-frequency-filtered, smoothed, curve-fitted, and first-differentiated moire signals in sequence. Also the linear displacement created by movement by the unit of integer times of a pitch was readily measured by the count of the even number of zero-crossing points corresponding to bright moire fringes obtained by the above same processing without curve fitting. Then we can measure linear transverse displacements with the accuracy of better than 3 %, which are more accurate values than those by the traditional visual method within the displacement of 80 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.79-89
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• 2019

While most research focuses on the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) queries in the database community, an important type of proximity queries called k-farthest neighbors (kFN) queries has not received much attention. This paper addresses the problem of finding the k-farthest neighbors in road networks. Given a positive integer k, a query object q, and a set of data points P, a kFN query returns k data objects farthest from the query object q. Little attention has been paid to processing kFN queries in road networks. The challenge of processing kFN queries in road networks is reducing the number of network distance computations, which is the most prominent difference between a road network and a Euclidean space. In this study, we propose an efficient algorithm called FANS for k-FArthest Neighbor Search in road networks. We present a shared computation strategy to avoid redundant computation of the distances between a query object and data objects. We also present effective pruning techniques based on the maximum distance from a query object to data segments. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our proposed solution with extensive experiments using real-world roadmaps.