• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2021

Lean combustion was applied to improve the thermal efficiency and emission in a single-cylinder, spark-ignition engine fueled with syngas. Under naturally aspirated conditions, the lean combustion significantly improved the thermal efficiency compared to the stoichiometric combustion, mainly due to the reduction in heat transfer loss. Intake air boost was applied to compensate the low power output of the lean combustion. The gross indicated power of 24.8 kW was achieved by increasing the intake pressure up to 1.6 bar at excess air ratio of 2.2. The nitrogen oxides showed near zero level, but the carbon monoxide emission was significant.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2015

In order to research engine characteristics of spark-ignited engine with intake valve closing timing change for Miller cycle, two cam for LIVC(Late Intake Valve Closing) were designed and fabricated an prototype valvetrain. And intake valve closing timing were adjusted to build low compressing and high expansion cycle for HEV. In experimental study, it were investigated with different engine speed, spark timing and air-fuel ratio to compare base cam and LIVC cam type. It was found that the volumetry efficiency and effective work of compression process were decreased in case of LIVC cam. When compared with the existing results, the maximum pressure in the cylinder was reduced about 12~13 bar and the volumetric efficiency was reduced about 16%.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

As world attention has focused on global warming and air pollution, high efficiency diesel engines with low $CO_2$ emissions have become more attractive. Premixed diesel engines in particular have the potential to achieve the more homogeneous mixture in the cylinder which results in lower NOx and soot emission. Early studies have shown that the operation conditions such as the EGR, intake conditions, injection conditions and compression ratio are important to reduce emissions in a PCCI (Premixed Charge Compression Ignition) engine. In this study a modified cam was employed to reduce the effective compression ratio. While opening timing of the intake valve was fixed, closing timing of the intake valve was retarded $30^{\circ}$. Although Atkinson cycle with the retarded cam leads to a low in-cylinder pressure in the compression stroke, the engine work can still be increased by advanced injection timing. On that account, we investigated the effects of various injection parameters to reduce emission and fuel consumption; as a result, lower NOx emission levels and almost same levels of fuel consumption and PM compared with those of conventional diesel engine cam timing could be achieved with the LIVC system.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

Leading national R&D project to design a PWR spent nuclear fuel interim dry storage system that has been under development since mid-2009, which consists of a dual purpose metal cask and concrete storage cask. To ensure the safe operation of dry storage systems in foreign countries, major confinement monitoring techniques currently consist of pressure and temperature measurement. In the case of a dual purpose metal cask, a pressure sensor is installed in the interspace of bolted double lid(primary and secondary lid) in order to measure pressure. A concrete storage cask is a canister based system made of double/redundant welded lid to ensure confinement integrity. For this reason, confinement monitoring method is real time temperature measurement by thermocouple placed in the air flow(air intake and exit) of the concrete structure(over pack and module). The use of various monitoring technologies and operating experiences for the interim dry storage system over the last decades in foreign countries were analyzed. On the basis of the analysis above, development of the confinement monitoring technology that can be used optimally in our system will be available in the near future.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.588-593
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• 2011

대기외란을 적용한 램제트 엔진 시스템의 성능계산 기법을 제안 하였다. 비행 궤도는 동압력이 일정한 궤적을 사용하였다. 고도에 따른 동압력을 설정하고, 이에 따른 비행 조건에서 대기 외란을 계산하였다. 엔진 흡입구로 유입되는 대기 외란을 계산하기 위하여 Tank의 외란 모델을 사용하였으며, 외란을 고려한 비행 조건에 대한 성능 계산을 수행하고 추력과 종말 충격파의 위치를 파악함으로써 설계된 비행 궤도 내에서 램제트 엔진 시스템의 비행 안정성을 확인하였다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.88-92
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• 2009

초음속 추진기관은 기계적인 압축기를 통해 흡입공기를 압축하는 방식이 아니라 램 압축 현상을 이용하여 흡입공기를 압축하기 때문에 흡입구에서의 전압력 회복율이 초음속 추진기관 전체의 작동특성에 결정적인 영향을 주게 된다. 제어기 설계에 앞서 엔진의 동특성 해석을 수행한 결과 비행체의 받음각이 커질수록 버즈마진 값이 작아져 일부영역에서는 충격파가 흡입구 외부에서 발생하게 됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 흡입구 내의 충격파 특성이 성능요구조건을 만족할 수 있도록 버즈마진을 제어하기 위한 PID 제어알고리즘을 설계하였다. 제어변수는 연료유량과 노즐 목면적이며 버즈마진 값이 양의 값을 갖도록 PID 제어기를 설계하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1126-1130
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• 2003

The conditions of measurement for the determination of bulk density were evaluated to assess the bulkiness of 8 kinds of forage. The bulkiness of the forages was determined with 4 different sizes of forage samples with 7 different pressure application under air-dry and wet conditions. The dry bulk density (DBD) curvilinearly regressed with the pressure applied. The particle size of the samples and kinds of forage used in the present study did not affect changes in values of DBD determined under pressures over $20g/cm^2$ up to $200g/cm^2$. The values of the wet bulk density (WBD) increased as an increment of particle size, but were not always regressed on the particle size of the 8 kinds of forage. The DBD determined on 8 mm particles showed a higher correlation coefficient with neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents. The DBD may be a useful tool for the assessment of NDF in forage, when it is determined under condition of a pressure of $100g/cm^2$ or over with a particle size of 8 mm. The WBD may not be utilized for the direct measurement of the physical characteristics of forage, but may be required a thorough consideration on water solubility of forages. Further studies are needed to clarify the DBD contribution to the prediction of forage intake by ruminants.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2024

This study evaluated the thermal physiological and psychological responses elicited when wearing cold protective jackets with aerogel fillings in two cold environments, one without air velocities and one with air velocities (2.3 m·s-1), at an air temperature of 10℃. The participants were five healthy young males. Measures were taken of physiological parameters, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), core temperature, oxygen uptake (Vo2), and microclimate (temperature and humidity). The psychological parameters evaluated were thermal and wetness sensation. No differences were observed in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen intake between the conditions. At tympanic temperature, a significant difference was observed between the conditions during exercise (p<.05); . A significant difference was observed in the microclimate temperature of the clothing according to the airflow, and temperature changes in the chest and back revealed different patterns. Significant differences were observed in thermal sensation (whole body (p<.05), chest (p<.05), back (p<.01)) between airflow conditions. The results therefore indicate that cold protective jackets with an aerogel filling are suitable for people operating in low-temperature and airflow environments.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2007

The intake swirl motion, as one of dominant effects for an engine combustion. is very effective for turbulence enhancement during the compression process in the cylinder of 2-valve engine. Because the combustion flame speed is determined by the turbulence that is mainly generated from the mean flow of the charge air motion in intake port system. This paper describes the experimental results of swirl flow and combustion characteristics by using the oil spot method and back-scattering Laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) in 2-valve single cylinder transparent LPG engine using the liquid phase LPG injection. For this. various intake port configurations were developed by using the flow box system and swirl ratios for different intake port configurations were determined by impulse swirl meter in a steady flow rig test. And the effects of intake swirl ratio on combustion characteristics in an LPG engine were analyzed with some analysis parameters that is swirl ratio. mean flow coefficient, swirl mean velocity fuel conversion efficiency. combustion duration and cyclic variations of indicated mean effective pressure(IMEP). As these research results, we found that the intake port configuration with swirl ratio of 2.0 that has a reasonable lean combustion stability is very suitable to an $11{\ell}$ heavy-duty LPG engine with liquid phase fuel injection system. It also has a better mean flow coefficient of 0.34 to develope a stable flame kernel and to produce high performance. This research expects to clarify major factor that effects on the design of intake port efficiently with the optimized swirl ratio for the heavy duty LPG engine.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.1585-1591
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• 2010

DMFC는 산소를 반응물질로 사용하기 때문에 캐소드 전극이 외부 공기와 직접 접촉해야 한다. 그러나 휴대기기에 사용하는 경우에 사용자의 신체에 의해 공기의 흡입구가 가려져 산소공급이 되지 않는 현상이 발생할 수 있다. DMFC에 공기를 공급하기 위해 냉각팬을 사용하는데 냉각팬은 유로의 압력 손실 및 변동에 따라 출력의 변동이 심하다. 본 논문에서는 냉각팬의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 압전 액추에이터를 이용하여 공기 공급 시스템을 설계하였다. 설계된 공기 공급 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 DMFC 평가 시스템을 구현하였고, 구현된 시스템을 통해 MP3 플레이어를 동작 시켰다.