DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Analysis of the Physiological and Psychological Responses Elicited When Wearing an Aerogel Cold Protective Jacket in Airflow

에어로젤 방한 재킷 착용시의 기류 유무에 따른 생리·심리학적 특성 분석

  • Seong-Suk Kim (Department of Clothing and Textiles, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Su-Young Son (Department of Home Economics Education, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Hee-Eun Kim (Department of Clothing and Textiles, Kyungpook National University/ Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University)
  • 김성숙 (경북대학교 의류학과) ;
  • 손수영 (경북대학교 가정교육과) ;
  • 김희은 (경북대학교 의류학과/ 경북대학교 장수생활과학연구소)
  • Received : 2024.03.25
  • Accepted : 2024.04.16
  • Published : 2024.05.30

Abstract

This study evaluated the thermal physiological and psychological responses elicited when wearing cold protective jackets with aerogel fillings in two cold environments, one without air velocities and one with air velocities (2.3 m·s-1), at an air temperature of 10℃. The participants were five healthy young males. Measures were taken of physiological parameters, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), core temperature, oxygen uptake (Vo2), and microclimate (temperature and humidity). The psychological parameters evaluated were thermal and wetness sensation. No differences were observed in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen intake between the conditions. At tympanic temperature, a significant difference was observed between the conditions during exercise (p<.05); . A significant difference was observed in the microclimate temperature of the clothing according to the airflow, and temperature changes in the chest and back revealed different patterns. Significant differences were observed in thermal sensation (whole body (p<.05), chest (p<.05), back (p<.01)) between airflow conditions. The results therefore indicate that cold protective jackets with an aerogel filling are suitable for people operating in low-temperature and airflow environments.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Kyungpook National University Research Fund, 2021.

References

  1. Andersen, L. B., Riddoch, C., Kriemler, S., & Hills, A. (2011). Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in children. British Journal of Sports Medicine , 45 (11), 871-876. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090333 
  2. Baek, Y. J., Cho, K. Y., Hong, Y. J., & Lee, J. Y. (2022). Which jacket is thermo-physiologically and psychologically warmer between longpadded jackets filled with goose down and polyester in a windy and cold environment?. Journal of Korean Living Environment System, 29(1), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.21086/ksles.2022.2.29.1.16 
  3. Baek, Y. J., & Choi, J. W. (2008). Determination of the garment pressure level using the elastic bands by human body parts. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 32(10), 1651-1658. https://doi.org/10.5850/jksct.2008.32.10.1651 
  4. Chakraborty, S., Pisal, A. A., Kothari, V. K., & Rao, A. V. (2016). Synthesis and characterization of fibre reinforced silica aerogel blankets for thermal protection. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2495623 
  5. Chen, X., Xue, P., Gao, L., Du, J., & Liu, J. (2019). Physiological and thermal response to real-life transient conditions during winter in severe cold area. Building and Environment, 157, 284-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.04.004 
  6. Choi, J. H., Loftness, V., & Lee, D. W. (2012). Investigation of the possibility of the use of heart rate as a human factor for thermal sensation models. Building and Environment, 50, 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.10.009 
  7. Cortili, G., Mognoni, P., Saibene, F. (1996) Work tolerance and physiological responses to thermal environment wearing protective NBC clothing. Ergonomics, 39(4), 620-633. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139608964485 
  8. Costill D. L., & Winrow E. (1970). A comparison of two middle-aged ultramarathon runners. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 41(2), 135-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/10671188.1970.10614963 
  9. Deschenes, M. R., Hillard, M. N., Wilson, J. A., Dubina, M. I., & Eason, M. K. (2006). Effects of gender on physiological responses during submaximal exercise and recovery. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 38(7), 1304-1310. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000227316.93351.56 
  10. Du, Y., & Kim, H. E. (2022). Research trends of the application of aerogel materials in clothing. Fashion and Textiles, 9(23), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-022-00298-5 
  11. Filingeri, D., Fournet, D., Hodder, S., & Havenith, G. (2015). Decreasing the tactile interaction between skin, sweat and clothing significantly reduces the perception of wetness independently of the level of physical skin wetness during moderate exercise. Extreme physiology & Medicine, 4(1), A76. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-4-S1-A76 
  12. Gronwald, T., Berk, S., Altini, M., Mourot, L., Hoos, O., & Rogers, B. (2021). Real-time estimation of aerobic threshold and exercise intensity distribution using fractal correlation properties of heart rate variability: A single-case field application in a former olympic triathlete. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 668812. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.668812 
  13. Jin, B. O., Kim, H. K., Ryou, Y. S., Lee, T. S, Kim, Y. H., Oh, S. S., et al. (2020). Analysis of heating characteristics of multi-layered insulation curtain with silica aerogel in greenhouses. Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory, 29 (4), 320-325. https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2020.29.4.320 
  14. Jin, Y. B., Kim, S. M., Han, H. J., Sa, A. N., & Park, C. K. (2018). Study on thermal insulation property of military cold-weather clothing using a thermal manikin. Textile Science and Engineering, 55(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.12772/TSE.2018.55.048 
  15. Kaikkonen, P., Lindholm, H., & Lusa, S. (2017). Physiological load and psychological stress during a 24-hour work shift among Finnish firefighters. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(1), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000000912 
  16. Kang, H. S., Yoon, S. H., & Cho, J. K. (2009). Low cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of elevated resting blood pressure in middle-aged Korean women. Exercise Science, 18(1), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2009.18.1.83 
  17. Kaywhite, M., Hodous T. K., & Vercruyssen, M. (1991). Effects of thermal environment and chemical protective clothing on work tolerance, physiological responses, and subjective ratings. Ergonomics, 34(4), 445-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139108967328 
  18. Kemi, O. J., Haram, P. M., Loennechen, J. P., Osnes, J. B., Skomedal, T., Wisloff, U., & Ellingsen, O. (2005). Moderate vs. high exercise intensity: differential effects on aerobic fitness, cardiomyocyte contractility, and endothelial function. Cardiovascular Research, 67(1), 161-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.03.010 
  19. Kenny, G. P., & Journeay, W. S. (2010). Human thermoregulation: separating thermal and nonthermal effects on heat loss. Frontiers in Bioscience, 15(1), 259-290. 
  20. Kim, H. H., Park, P. K., Kim, Y. S., & Hong, S. T. (2018). Study on the weight reduction of firefighter's protective clothing by using air layer and aerogels. Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, 32(1), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2018.32.1.081 
  21. Kim, J. E., & Kim, E. K. (2017). A study on purchase and wearing condition of outdoor wear among active senior males. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 19(6), 736-748. https://dx.doi.org/10.5805/SFTI.2017.19.6.736 
  22. Kim, J. Y., & Choi, J. W. (2009). Efficacy of developed uniform for the workers in freezer storages. Journal of the Korean Society of Living Environmental System, 16(6), 648-657. 
  23. Kim, J. Y., Song, M. K., & Kim, H. E. (2010). Physiological responses and subjective sensations by Clo values at -10℃. Fashion and Textile Research Journal, 12(4), 531-537. 
  24. Kwon, A., Kato, M., Kawamura, H., Yanai, Y., & Tokura, H. (1998). Physiological significance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic textile materials during intermittent exercise in humans under the influence of warm ambient temperature with and without wind. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 78(6), 487-493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050450 
  25. Kwon, J. Y., Kim, S. Y., Baek, Y. J., & Lee, J. Y. (2021). Comparison and evaluation of clothing insulation of newly-developed air-filled baffle jackets and down padded jackets. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 23(2), 261-272. 
  26. Lee, B. R. (2023). [Corporate Exploration] Realized the new material of dream, 'Aerogel', Gwangjang Innotek Co., Ltd. Military Journal, 2023(3), 76-79. 
  27. Lee, O., Jang, C. Y., & Chung J. W. (2019). Study on development of submaximal treadmill walking test for estimation of maximal oxygen uptake in adults. Journal of Korean Association of Physical Education and Sports for Girls and Women, 33(4), 165-176. https://doi.org/10.16915/jkapesgw.2019.12.33.4.165 
  28. Li, Y., Alshaer, H., & Fernie, G. (2009). Blood pressure and thermal responses to repeated whole body cold exposure effect of winter clothing. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 107, 673-685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1176-5 
  29. Liu, W., Lian, Z., & Liu, Y. (2008). Heart rate variability at different thermal comfort levels. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 103, 361-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0718-6 
  30. MacNeal, J. J., Cone, D. C., & Wistrom, C. L. (2016). Effect of station-specific alerting and ramp-up tones on firefighters' alarm time heart rates. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene , 13(11), 866-870. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2016.1183018 
  31. Nuckols, M. L., Hyde, D. E., Wood-Putnam, J. L., Giblo, J., Caggiano, G. J., Henkener, J. A., & Stinton, B. (2009). Design and evaluation of cold water diving garments using super-insulating aerogel fabrics. In Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 28th Symposium, America, 237-244. 
  32. Perez, O. C. (2012). The behavior of aerogel blankets as insulation material in external walls at high temperatures (Unpublished master's thesis). Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. 
  33. Rintamaki, H. (2007). Performance and energy expenditure in cold environments. Alaska Medicine, 49(2), 245-246. 
  34. Rintamaki, H., & Rissanen, S. (2006). Heat strain in cold. Industrial Health, 44(3), 427-432. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.44.427 
  35. Slysz, J., Stultz, J., & Burr, J. F. (2016). The efficacy of blood flow restricted exercise: A systematic review & meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(8), 669-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.09.005 
  36. Staessen, J. A., Gasowski, J., Wang, J. G., Thijs, L., Den Hond, E., Boissel, J. P., et al. (2000). Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: Meta-analysis of outcome trials. The Lancet, 355(9207), 865-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)07330-4 
  37. Tamura, M.(1985) Basic Hygiene Clothing . Tokyo: Bunka publishing Bureau. 
  38. Tang, H. H., Orndoff, E. S., & Trevino, L. A. (2003). Mechanical properties and durability study of aerogel-base thermal insulation for advanced space suit. SAE Technical Paper, 2003-01-2446. https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-2446 
  39. Venkataraman, M., Mishra, R., Kotresh, T. M., Sakoi, T., & Militky, J. (2016). Effect of compressibility on heat transport phenomena in aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics. The Journal of the Textile Institute, 107(9), 1150-1158. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2015.1097084 
  40. Wilmore, J. H., & Costil, D. L. (1997) Physiology and Sport and Exercise (H. Kang, K. Kim, T. Kim, H. Kim, K. Chang, J. Jeon, & H, Cho, Trans.). Seoul: Daehan Media.