• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1760-1765
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• 2008

A total of 60 one-day-old Yellow-feather broiler chickens were allotted into treatment and control groups. The treatment group was fed with the diet supplemented with 3% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for 48 d, while control group was fed with the diet supplemented with 3% rapeseed oil. Chickens were slaughtered in each group at the age of 49 d, and the blood and the abdominal adipose tissue were sampled. Serum cLeptin and serum cAdiponectin were measured by ELISA. The total RNA was extracted from adipose tissue to measure the abundance of the chicken growth hormone receptor (cGHR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (cIGF-1), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (cIGF-IR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($cPPAR{\gamma}$), cAdiponectin and cAdipoIR mRNA by RT-PCR using ${\beta}$-actin as an internal standard. Results showed that the CLA decreased the abdominal fat index by 20.93% (p<0.05). The level of serum cLeptin but not serum cAdiponectin was significantly increased by CLA treatment (p<0.05). CLA down-regulated the relative abundance of cGH-R mRNA and $cPPAR{\gamma}$ mRNA in abdominal adipose tissue by 24.74% (p<0.05) and 66.52% (p<0.01) respectively. However, no differences were found between CLA treatment group and control group (p>0.05) in the relative abundance of cIGF-1, cIGF-IR, cAdiponectin, and cAdipoIR mRNA in abdominal adipose tissue. The data suggested that CLA inhibited abdominal fat deposition in broiler chicken may be determined by decreasing the GHR available for GH, and by inhibiting the differentiation of preadipocytes via down-regulation of $PPAR{\gamma}$, but independent of IGF and (or) GH-IGF pathway or adiponectin action.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2005

Acid-labile subunit (ALS) is a component of the 150-kDa insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) complex, which, by sequestering the majority of IGFs-I and -II and thereby prolonging the half-life of them in plasma, serves as a circulating reservoir of IGFs in mammalian species. A pGEX-2T plasmid and a baculovirus expression constructs harboring a coding sequence for glutathione-S transferase (GST)-porcine ALS (pALS) fusion protein were expressed in BL21(DE3) E. coli and Sf9 insect cells, respectively. The expressed protein was purified by glutathione or Ni-NTN affinity chromatography, followed by cleavage of the fusion protein using Factor Xa. In addition, pALS and hIGFBP-3 were also produced in small amounts in the Xenopus oocyte expression system which does not require any purification procedure. A 65-kDa pALS polypeptide was obtained following the prokaryotic expression and the enzymatic digestion, but biochemical characterization of this polypeptide was precluded because of an extremely low expression efficiency. The baculovirus-as well as Xenopus-expressed pALS exhibited the expected molecular mass of 85 kDa which was reduced into 75 and 65 kDa following deglycosylation of Asn-linked carbohydrates by Endo-F glycosidase, indicating that the expressed pALS was properly glycosylated. Moreover, irrespective of the source of pALS, the recombinant pALS and hIGFBP-3 formed a 130-kDa binary complex which could be immunoprecipitated by anti-hIGFBP-3 antibodies. Collectively, results indicate that an authentic pALS protein can be produced by the current expression systems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 2003

There exists considerable evidence that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is involved in the regulation of ovulation rate and follicle development. IGF-I is believed to modulate the effects of gonadotropins on follicular growth and cell differentiation via paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Therefore, this study was performed to relate the expression of IGF-I on ovaries and follicles with egg productivity at 60 wk. The egg productivity of 70 KNOC was recorded from 20 to 60 wk. Blood was taken every 10 wk and ovaries and follicles were taken at 60 wk. Serum IGF-I and IGF-I of ovaries and follicles were measured by radioimmunoassay. Based on egg production levels up to 60 wk and ovarian IGF-I expression at 60 wk, respectively. Chickens were divided into two groups, high and low. Egg production and serum IGF-I in the high IGF-I group were higher than those in the low group. Moreover, the IGF-I expression of follicles in the high ovarian IGF-I expression group was higher than that in the low group. These finding are consistent with the report that IGF-I indirectly regulates ovulation in chickens, suggesting that this regulation may play an important role in improved egg productivity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.345-348
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• 2004

젖소 초유중에 함유된 IGF-I 은 30kDa와 1kDa ultrafiltration(UF) membrane을 이용하여 IGF-I rich fraction을 효과적으로 분리하였으며 분획내의 IGF-I은 SDS-PAGE와 Western blot으로 확인하였다. 분획한 IGF-I rich fraction이 murine splenocyte의 면역 활성에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과 $1{\mu}g$ 투여군의 경우 대조구에 대비하여 Bcell과 T cell의 증식능력은 각각 33%와 76%의 증식능력을 보였고, natural killer cell의 항암 능력은 42.3%의 세포 독성을 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.297-304
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• 2006

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) rich fraction, collected components between 1 kDa and 30 kDa, was fractionated from bovine colostral whey using an ultrafiltration membrane. IGF-I was confirmed in the collected IGF-I rich fraction by both SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The concentration of IGF-I in the IGF-I rich fraction was 10 ng/mg protein. One hundred microliters of the reconstituted IGF-I rich fraction was intraperitoneally injected into ICR male mice for 2 weeks at 24 h intervals. The functions of peritoneal macrophages, including phagocytosis, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ production, and nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production, were enhanced significantly by the administration of the IGF-I rich fraction in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). The proliferation of Concanavalin (Con) A-stimulated and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocytes was also determined to have been enhanced significantly by the administration of the IGF-I rich fraction in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). Our results indicate that the administration of IGF-I rich fraction obtained from bovine colostral whey enhances both innate and acquired immunity for ICR male mice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.242-250
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• 2011

Although insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and androgen receptor (AR) coactivators are well known effectors of skeletal muscle, the molecular mechanism by which signaling pathways integrating AR coactivators and IGF-I in skeletal muscle cells has not been previously examined. In this study, the effects of IGF-I treatment on the gene expression of AR coactivators in the absence of AR ligands and the roles of the p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in IGF-I-induced AR coactivators induction were examined. C2C12 cells were treated with 250 ng/ml of IGF-I in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors p38 MAPK (SB203580) or ERK1/2 (PD98059). Treatment of C2C12 cells with IGF-I resulted in increased in GRIP-1, SRC-1, and ARA70 protein expression. The levels of GRIP-1, SRC-1, and ARA70 mRNA were also significantly increased after 5min of IGF-I treatment. IGF-I-induced AR coactivator proteins were significantly blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways. However, there was no significant effect of those inhibitors on IGF-I-induced mRNA level of AR coactivators, suggesting that AR coactivators are post-transcriptionally regulated by IGF-I. Furthermore, the present results suggest that IGF-I stimulates the expression of AR coactivators by cooperative activation of the p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 1998

A sodium-independent facilitative glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) is a major route by which glucose can be transported across the plasma membrane of mouse embryo. Although it has been known that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) promotes glucose transport into the mouse embryo, whether IGF-I directly regulates transcription of Glut1 has been uncovered in mouse preimplantation embryo. This study was aimed to elucidate the role of glucose and IGF-I in development and Glut1 expression in preimplantation mouse embryo. Two-cell embryos developed in blastocyst regardless of the glucose in the presence of pyruvate. IGF-I significantly increased the number of blastomeres in the mid-blastula. Deprivation of glucose did not affect the amount of Glut1 transcripts in morula cultured from 2-cell embryo. IGF-I potentiated Glut1 expression in morula cultured from 2-cell embryo even in the absence of glucose. Taken together, it is concluded that depletion of glucose does not promote Glut1 expression the in morula cultured form 2-cell embryo, and that increment of Glut1 expression possibly mediates embryotropic effect of IGF-I on preimplantation mouse embryo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.340-344
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• 2004

젖소 초유 중에 함유된 IGF-I rich fraction을 30kDa와 1kDa ultrafiltration(UF) membrane을 이용하여 효과적으로 분리하였으며 분획내의 IGF-I은 SDS-PAGE와 Western blot으로 확인하였다. 분획한 IGF-I rich fraction이 murine macrophage의 면역 활성에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과 $1{\mu}g$ 투여군의 경우 IL-6는 7.3ng/ml, NO는 $10.7{\mu}M$을 생성하였고 Phagocytosis는 대조구 대비하여 65% 증진시켰다. $TNF-{\alpha}$의 분비량은 L929세포의 증식 저해율로 측정한 결과 대조구에 대비하여 30% 더 높은 저해율을 나타내었고, $H_2O_2$는 대조구에 대비하여 6% 더 높은 과산화수소를 생산하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.314-317
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• 2004

IGF-I rich fraction 분리는 분만 후 24시간이내에 착유한 젖소 초유를 30kDa과 1kDa Ultrafiltra-tion(UF) membrane을 이용하여 분리하였다. 분리한 IGF-I rich fraction은 sandwich ELISA로 정량한 결과 1mg/ml 각 암세포에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. 그 결과IGF-I rich fraction $1mg/m{\ell}$의 농도로 처리하였을 때 A-427ce11은 33%, SK-HEP-1 cell은 약 2%, A498 cell은 약 22%의 암세포 성장저해 효과를 보였고 HeLa는 약 5% 이하의 세포 증식 저해율과 WiDr cell은 약 30%의 세포성장 저해율을 나타내었으며, 유일하게 위암 세포주인 SNU 16에 대해서는 $1mg/m{\ell}$과 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 및 $10{\sim}1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 농도에서 약 15%와 10% 및 약 5% 이하의 세포 증식율을 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.481-488
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• 2003

Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding protein act as intra-ovarian regulators that modulate the proliferation and differentiation of the granulosa and theca cells. Moreover, the IGF system is involved in metabolism by modulating the synthesis and degradation of glycogen and protein in animals. However the effect of the IGF system on egg productivity or body growth in KNOC has not been studied in depth. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate differences of serum IGFs and binding protein expressions between two groups showing high and low egg production or body weight and to elucidate the relationship of IGFs with egg productivity and body growth. KNOCs were divided into high and low groups depending on their egg productivity or body growth, and sera were collected every 10 wk from 20 till 60 wk. Serum IGF-I and -II concentration were measured by RIA using human and mouse antiserum and chicken standards. IGFBP was detected by Western ligand blotting. IGF-I concentrations were significantly greater in the high egg production group compared with those in the low egg production group (30 wk, p<0.01; 20 and 40 wk, p<0.05). Also, differences in IGF-II amounts between the two groups were detected at 60 wk (p<0.05). But IGFBPs in the low egg production group were more intense than that in the high egg production group through the egg laying period. The correlation between IGF-I concentration and number of egg production is significantly positive (20 wk, r=0.2729: p<0.05; 40 wk, r=0.3500: p<0.01), while IGF-II shows no correlation with egg productivity. In male KNOC, IGF-I and -II concentrations in the high body weight group are lower than that in the low body weight group. Body weight also shows a negative correlation with the serum IGF-II concentration in male chickens (20 wk, r=-0.5901: p<0.01). Consequently, we suggest that IGFs and binding protein are (in)directly involved in the egg productivity and body growth in KNOC.