• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

This paper addresses the issue of Renewable Energy for Electricity Storage device is one of the NAS (Sodium-Sulfur) battery will be about the module. For safety reasons, not the actual battery cells using a dummy cell in the module's operating temperature setting to examine the characteristics of the insulation vacuum of the wall temperature and external temperature changes measured over time. Upper and lower boundaries of the wall vacuum insulation characteristics cotton C intervals over time, average $5^{\circ}C$, but the temperature is rising, 4C section with little temperature change did not occur. On the other hand, about $3^{\circ}C$ in section 4D, and it was confirmed that the temperature rises. Wall vacuum insulation characteristics over time to look at the experiments and measurements are described.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.107-113
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• 2013

In this study, three different types of experimental models of BIPV curtain wall units with GIGS modules were built, and their thermal and electrical performances were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the temperature of the rear side of the GIGS module with the application of an insulation in the curtain wall spandrels was higher than a GIGS module standalone by $22^{\circ}C$, which results in a reduction in the power generation of the former by 8 %. On the other hand, when ventilation was applied to the model to improve the power generation performance, the module temperature was observed to be $142^{\circ}C$ lower compared to the enclosed type, and the power generation performance improved by 5 %. It confirmed that the temperature increase in the rear side of the GIGS module with insulation layer reduced the electrical performance of the module. Based on this, it is claimed that providing sufficient ventilation at the GIGS applied spandrels contribute to improve the power generation of the GIGS module.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.120-126
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• 2012

BIPV is applied to buildings in various forms. However, there are some aspects of consideration in applying PV systems in buildings, such as attaching methods, PV electrical efficiency, appearance and so on. BIPV can be installed on curtain wall spandrel as finishing material, which may combine with insulation. The thermal characteristic of spandrel with BIPV has rarely been studied; the temperature of air space between PV module and insulation layer affects both the electrical behavior of PV module and the energy load in a building. This paper aims to analyse the temperature variation of the layers in BIPV spandrels. In this paper, the temperature of layers, including the air space and PV module, was measured for three different type of BIPV applications on spandrel. The results show that the temperature of air layer for the spandrel with G/G(2) type BIPV module on October was the highest among other months.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.504-514
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• 2017

The insulation performance of aircaps has been recognized and various studies regarding the aircap as a solution to increased building energy consumption are being carried out. However, the aircap is not durable and therefore it cannot play the role of an independent finishing material. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to suggest an aircap wall module with improved durability through the lamination of the aircap and verify its effectiveness by evaluating its energy saving performance for lighting and air conditioning through a full-scale testbed. The conclusions of this study are as follows. 1) The aircap wall module featuring a laminated aircap that is being proposed in this study can save lighting energy due to the permeability of the aircap in comparison to previous insulating materials. 2) The aircap wall module with a laminated aircap is effective in improving heating and air-conditioning energy saving when it is more than 15 cm-thick during summer and winter in comparison to a 5 cm-thick prefabricated panel. 3) The aircap wall module featuring a laminated aircap is effective in improving lighting and heating and air-conditioning energy saving when it is 10 cm- and 5 cm-thick during summer and winter, respectively, in comparison to a 5 cm-thick prefabricated panel.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

Korea is promoted STEAM education since 2011. Furthermore, in high school education, based on the in-depth elective course's teaching and learning contents of science. The STEAM program can improve students' competence because it encourages to self-directed learning through the vocational project performance. Therefore, in this study, we researched a design education program for the experience of fusion and complex design based on STEAM education concept. We developed an education program to design insulation wall systems using up-cycling concepts to increase energy efficiency. As a result, the characteristics of the fusion education and the theoretical study about the learner-centered education curriculum, the analysis of the high school curriculum, the STEAM elements, The program was revised and supplemented through consultation with STEAM experts. In addition, the developed program was applied to high school students, and each step were analyzed based on the educational method theory. The following results were obtained. First, this study presented a program to cope with the needs of high school intensive education. Second, it provided learning motivation by combining flipped-learning as a way to train STEAM education contents. Third, it is required to develop differentiated and continuous program development and data sharing Fourth, in order to operate and promote the future environment design STEAM school, it is necessary to expand educational programs for high school students in the region through linkage with various universities.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.121-125
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• 2015

BIPV system is one of the best ways to harness PV module. The BIPV system not only produces electricity, but also acts as a building envelope. Thus, it has the strong point of increasing the economical efficiency by applying the PV modules to the buildings. Bifacial solar cells can convert solar energy to electrical energy from both sides of the module. In addition, it is designed as 3 busbar layout which is the same with ordinary mono-facial soalr cells. Therefore, many of the module manufacturers can easily produce the bifacial solar cells without changing their manufacturing equipment. Moreover, bifacial BIPV system has much potential in building application by utilizing glass to glass structure. However, the performance of bifacial solar cells depends on a variety of factors, ranging from the back surface to surrounding conditions. Therefore, in order to apply bifacial solar cells to buildings, an analysis of bifacial PV module performance should be carried out that includes a consideration of various design elements, and reflects a wide range of installation conditions. As a result it found that the white insulation reflector type can improve the performance of the bifacial BIPV system by 16%, compared to the black insulation reflector type. The performance of the bifacial BIPV was also shown to be influenced by inclination angle, due to changes in both the amount of radiation captured on the front face and the radiation transmitted to the rear face through the transparent space. In this study is limited design condition and installation condition. Accordingly follow-up researches in this part need to be conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.24-33
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• 2012

Recently, finishing materials at spandrel area, a part of curtain-wall system, are gradually forced to improve thermal insulation performance in order to enhance the building energy efficiency. Also, Building Integrated Photovoltaics(BIPV) systems have been installed in the exterior side of the spandrel area, which is generally composed of windows. Those BIPVs aim to achieve high building energy efficiency and supply the electricity to building. However, if transparent BIPV module is combined with high insulated spandrel, it would reduce the PV efficiency for two major reasons. First, temperature in the air space, located between window layer and finishing layer of the spandrel area, can significantly increase by solar heat gain, because the space has a few air density relative to other spaces in building. Secondly, PV has a characteristics of decreased Voltage(Voc and Vmp) with the increased temperature on the PV cell. For these reasons, this research analyzed a direct interrelation between PV Cell temperature and electricity generation performance under different insulation conditions in the spandrel area. The different insulation conditions under consideration are 1) high insulated spandrel(HIS) 2) low insulated spandrel(LIS) 3) PV stand alone on the ground(SAG). As a result, in case of 1) HIS, PV temperature was increased and thus electricity generation efficiency was decreased more than other cases. To be specific, each cases' maximum temperature indicated that 1) HIS is $83.8^{\circ}C$, 2) LIS is $74.2^{\circ}C$, and 3) SAG is $66.3^{\circ}C$. Also, each cases yield electricity generation like that 1) HIS is 913.3kWh/kWp, 2) LIS is 942.8kWh/kWp, and 3) SAG is 981.3kWh/kWp. These result showed that it is needed for us to seek to the way how the PV Cell temperature would be decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

The study aims to address the energy crisis and realize self-sufficiency of building as part of local energy independence, breaking away from a single concentrated energy supply system. It is intended to develop modules of the outside insulation composite panels that conform to passive certification criteria and for site-assembly systematization. The method of study first identifies trends and passive house in literature and advanced research. Second, the target performance for development is set, and the structural material is selected and designed to simulate performance. Third, a test specimen of the passive outside insulation curtain wall module designed is manufactured and constructed to test its heat transmission coefficient, condensation performance and airtightness. Finally, analyze performance test results, and explore and propose ways to improve the estimation and improvement of incomplete causes to achieve the goal. The final test results achieved the target performance of condensation and airtightness, and the heat transmission coefficient was $0.16W/(m^2{\cdot}K)$, which is $0.01W/(m^2{\cdot})K$ below the performance target. As for the lack of performance, we saw a need for a complementary design to account for simulation errors. It also provided an opportunity to recognize that insulated walls with performance can impact performance at small break. Thus, to be commercialized into a product with the need for improvement in the design of the joint parts, a management system is needed to increase the precision in the fabrication process.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

Purpose: In this study, we evaluate the annual energy performance of the detached house which was designed with the aim of zero energy. Method: The experimental house which was constructed in Gonju Chungnam in 2013, is the single family detached house of light weight wood frame with $100m^2$ of heating area. Thermal transmittance of roof (by ISO 10211) and building external walls are designed as $0.10W/m^2K$ and $0.14W/m^2$ respectively and low-e coating vacuum window glazing with PVC frame was installed. Also grid connected PV system and natural-circulation solar water heater was applied and 6kWp capacity of photovoltaic module was installed in pitched roof and $5m^2$ of solar collector in vertical wall facing the south. We analyzed the 2014 annual data of the detached house in which residents were actually living, measured though web-based remote monitoring system. Result: First, as a result, total annual energy consumption and energy production (PV generation and solar hot water) are 7,919kWh and 7,689kWh respectively and the rate of energy independence is 97.1% which is almost close to the zero energy. Second, plug load and hot water of energy consumption by category showed the highest numbers each with 33% and 31%, with following space heating 24%, electric cooker 8%, lighting 3% in order. Hot water supply is relatively higher than space heating because high insulation makes it decreased.