• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 가을학술발표대회논문집
• /
• pp.33-34
• /
• 2023

Currently, research on construction materials using industrial by-products is being conducted in the Inhan construction industry due to CO₂ emissions during the cement production process and a shortage of aggregates. Among these, research has been conducted to use steel furnace slag as an aggregate by reducing the reactivity of free-CaO, which has the characteristic of expanding through open storage, aging, and rapid cooling. However, research on the use of powder as a cement admixture or substitute is insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the properties of fresh mortar using steel furnace slag powder. The mixing ratio of steel furnace slag powder was divided into three levels: 0, 20, and 40 (%), and the test items were flow and unit weight. The experimental results showed that as the mixing ratio of steel furnace slag powder increased, flow and unit weight tended to increase. Therefore, it is expected to have a positive effect on improving workability or strength as a cement admixture.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제22권10호
• /
• pp.1789-1797
• /
• 2000

질산화에 요구되는 산소량과 탈질소화에 요구되는 탄소원의 양을 감소시킬 수 있는 암모니아성 질소의 아질산성 질소로의 부분적 질산화 반응을 유도하기 위해 생물막 반응기를 이용하여 고농도 암모니아성 질소를 함유하고 있는 혐기성 소화슬러지 탈수여액을 대상으로 알칼리도/암모니아성 질소의 농도비, pH, FA(free ammonia), 온도변화에 따른 아질산성 질소의 축적현상에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 실험결과 유입수의 알칼리도/암모니아성 질소의 농도비를 증가시킴에 따라 유출수의 아질산성 질소의 축적도 증가하였으며, 이는 알칼리도의 농도가 증가함에 따라 반응기내의 pH가 높게 유지됨으로서 FA의 농도가 증가하게 되어 Nitrobacter의 성장을 선택적으로 저해시키기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 일정한 알칼리도/암모니아성 질소의 농도비 조건에서 온도가 증가할수록 아질산성 질소의 축적도 증가하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제21권12호
• /
• pp.1455-1462
• /
• 2012

The vertical distributions of nitrifying bacteria in aerobic fixed biofilm were investigated to evaluate the relationship between nitrification performance and microbial community at different HRT. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and portable ion selective microelectrode system were adopted to analyze microbial communities and ions profiles according to the biofilm depth. Cilia media packed MLE (Modified Ludzack-Ettinger) like reactor composed of anoxic, aerobic I/II was operated with synthetic wastewater having COD 200 mg/L and $NH_4{^+}$-N mg/L at HRT of 6 hrs and 4 hrs. Total biofilm thickness of aerobic I, II reactor at 4 hrs condition was over two times than that of 6 hrs condition due to the sufficient substrate supply at 4 hrs condition (6 hrs; aerobic I 380 ${\mu}m$ and II 400 ${\mu}m$, 4 hrs; aerobic I 830 ${\mu}m$ and II 1040 ${\mu}m$). As deepen the biofilm detection point, the ratio of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was decreased while the ratio of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was maintained similar distribution at both HRT condition. The ratio of AOB was higher at 4 hrs than 6 hrs condition and $NH_4{^+}$-N removal efficiency was also higher at 4 hrs with 89.2% than 65.4% of 6 hrs. However, the ratio of NOB was decreased when HRT was reduced from 6 hrs to 4 hrs and $NO_2{^-}$-N accumulation was observed at 4 hrs condition. Therefore, it is considered that insufficient HRT condition could supply sufficient substrate and enrichment of AOB in all depth of fixed biofilm but cause decrease of NOB and nitrite accumulation.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.22-31
• /
• 2003

한의학에서 진단과 치료의 기본 대상인 경혈?경락의 혈위 식별을 위한 방법으로 기존의 방식은 직류를 인체 피부에 자극하여 양도점을 식별하고 있다. 그러나 직류는 피부의 저항과 용량성으로 인한 시간에 따른 전류 감소현상을 나타내며, 이러한 시간적 감소현상은 경락진단의 변수로는 유의성을 가지나 식별율 및 부합율, 인체영향력, 재현성 등에서 식별데이터의 신뢰성이 충분하지 못한 단점이 있었다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 1.28V의 4kHz, 듀티비 40%의 구형파인 SPAC(Single Power Alternative Current) 자극방식의 최적 파라메터를 추출하였다. 또한 피부 상태에 관계없이 식별이 어려운 부위에서도 식별이 용이하도록 피부 전류량의 절대값과 상대값을 동시에 표시하고, 측정 전류량을 그래프로 연속 표시하여 식별에 유리하도록 하였다. 추출된 최적파라메터와 알고리즘을 적용한 시스템을 구현하여 경혈자극 방식에 따른 식별율, 재현성, 인체영향력 및 고전 경혈점과의 부합율을 비교하여 성능이 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제16권11호
• /
• pp.1271-1277
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the ratios of phosphorus release to COD uptake, phosphorus release to nitrate removal, and phosphorus uptake to phosphorus release by DNPAOs(denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms). In case $I{\sim}IV$, influent 1 were fed with synthetic wastewater with influent 2 $NO_3^--N$ injection to anoxic zone and the case V were fed with municipal wastewater with side stream oxic zone instead of influent 2 $NO_3^--N$ injection. As a result, the ratio of phosphorus release to carbon uptake was increased in accordance with nitrate supply. The DNPAOs simultaneously took up phosphate and removed nitrate from the anoxic reactor. In case $I{\sim}IV$, with above 20 mg/L of sufficient $NO_3^--N$ supply, phosphate was taken up excessively by the DNPAOs in anoxic condition. The large amount of both uptake and release of phosphorus occurred above 20 mg/L of nitrate supply, achieving the ratio of phosphorus uptake to phosphorus release to be 1.05. In case V, phosphate luxury uptake was not occurred in system due to 6.98 mg/L of insufficient $NO_3^--N$ supply and the ratio of phosphorus uptake to phosphorus release was 0.98. Consequently, if nitrate as the electron acceptor was sufficient in anoxic zone, the ratio was found to be high.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.246-252
• /
• 2018

Background Slim patients or those with large breasts may be ineligible for breast reconstruction with an abdominal flap, as the volume of the flap may be insufficient. This study aimed to establish that abdominal tissue-based breast reconstruction can be well suited for Korean patients, despite their thin body habitus. Methods A total of 252 patients who underwent postmastectomy breast reconstruction with an abdominal flap from October 2006 to May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' age and body mass index were analyzed, and a correlation analysis was performed between the weight of the mastectomy specimen and that of the initial abdominal flap. Results The average weights of the mastectomy specimen and initial abdominal flap were 451.03 g and 644.95 g, respectively. The ratio of the weight of the mastectomy specimen to that of the initial flap was $0.71{\pm}0.23$. There was a strong positive linear relationship between the weight of the mastectomy specimen and that of the initial flap (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.728). Thirty nulliparous patients had a final-to-initial flap weight ratio of $0.66{\pm}0.11$. The 25 patients who underwent a contralateral procedure had a ratio of $0.96{\pm}0.30$. The adjusted ratio of the final flap weight to the initial flap weight was $0.66{\pm}0.12$. Conclusions Breast weight had a strong positive relationship with abdominal flap weight in Koreans. Abdominal flaps provided sufficient soft tissue for breast reconstruction in most Korean patients, including nulliparous patients. However, when the mastectomy weight is estimated to be >700 g, a contralateral reduction procedure may be considered.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.313-320
• /
• 2022

Both angiography and interventional procedures accompanied by angiography provide many diagnostic and therapeutic benefits to patients and are rapidly increasing. However, unlike general radiography or computed tomography using the same X-ray, the amount of radiation is quite high, but the dose range can vary considerably for each patient and operator. The high sensitivity of the lens to radiation during cerebral angiography and neurointervention is already well known, and although there are many related studies, it is insufficient to easily reduce radiation in diagnosis and treatment. In this situation, in particular, by adding three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) to the existing two-dimensional (2D) angiography, it is now possible to make an accurate diagnosis. However, since this 3D-RA acquires images through projection of more radiation than before, the exposure dose of the lens may be higher. Therefore, we tried to analyze whether the radiation dose of the lens can be reduced by moving the lens out of the field range by adjusting the table height and magnification ratio during the examination using 3D-RA. The surface dose was measured using a rando phantom and a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (PLD) and the radiation dose was compared by adjusting the table height and magnification ratio based on the central point. As a result, it was found that the radiation dose of the lens decreased as the table height increased from the central point, that is, as the lens was out of the field of view. In conclusion, in 3D-RA, moving the table position of about 2 cm in height will make a significant contribution to the dose reduction of the lens, and it was confirmed that adjusting the magnification ratio can also reduce the surface dose of the lens.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.630-641
• /
• 2022

Purpose: In this study, we assessed the intake of nutrients and food groups and analyzed the nutrition quotient of obese children in South Korea. The hypothesis was that dietary quality and nutrient intake are related to the body mass index (BMI) of obese children. Methods: The participants included 48 children (20 boys and 28 girls). Based on the guidelines for the age-for-body mass index provided by the Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents, the participants were divided into 3 groups: overweight, BMI ≥ 85th percentile; obese, BMI ≥ 95th percentile; severely obese, BMI ≥ 99th percentile. Results: The energy distribution showed that the carbohydrate ratio was significantly higher in the overweight group (p < 0.01), whereas the fat ratio was significantly higher in the obese and severely obese groups (p < 0.05). Thus, in the overweight and obese groups, the percent body fat was negatively associated with the carbohydrate ratio (p < 0.05) but was positively associated with the fat ratio (p < 0.05). The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) data revealed that the intake levels of protein, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₁₂, and sodium were higher in all groups. Intakes of fiber, calcium, potassium, and magnesium were insufficient in all groups, and the DRI percent for protein was significantly higher in the obese and severely obese groups than in the overweight group. No significant differences were obtained in food group patterns or Nutrition Quotient (NQ) scores among the 3 groups. According to the evaluation results by food record and NQ, a significant difference was obtained in the dietary quality of obese children. Conclusion: We conclude that a higher intake of fat enhances weight gain. Based on the study results, we propose that the guidelines should consider the energy distribution of carbohydrate and fat intake to prevent and control obesity among Korean children.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제29권5C호
• /
• pp.207-215
• /
• 2009

시멘트 혼합토나 콘크리트는 일반적으로 습윤상태를 유지하면서 양생이 되며 양생기간이 늘어남에 따라 수화작용으로 강도는 증가한다. 하지만 양생기간 동안 시멘트 혼합토에 충분한 수분이 공급되지 않을 경우 이는 수화작용에 영향을 미치고 결국 시멘트 혼합토의 강도 변화를 가져오게 된다. 본 연구에서는 시멘트비가 20% 미만인 시멘트 혼합토가 현장에서 시공 될 때 발생할 수 있는 수분공급 조건을 고려하여 네 가지 양생방법(대기중 양생, 밀봉 양생, 습윤 양생, 수중 양생)으로 제작된 고결모래의 양생조건에 따른 일축압축강도의 특성을 비교하였다. 전기간(3일) 대기중 양생한 공시체의 강도는 시멘트비가 10% 미만인 경우 밀봉 및 습윤 양생한 공시체보다 크지만 시멘트비가 10% 이상인 경우는 더 작았다. 시멘트비에 관계 없이 대기중 양생한 공시체가 수중 양생한 공시체보다 더 큰 강도를 발휘하였다. 양생방법이 동일한 경우 시멘트비 4%의 강도를 기준으로 시멘트비 증가에 따른 강도 증가율은 대기중 양생한 공시체가 가장 낮았으며, 밀봉, 습윤 및 수중 양생한 공시체의 강도는 시멘트비 증가율의 제곱으로 증가하였다. 공시체를 2일 양생 후 1일 동안 수침시켰을 때 밀봉 또는 습윤 양생한 공시체의 강도는 수침시키지 않은 공시체보다 시멘트비에 관계없이 평균 10% 정도 저하되었으나, 대기중 양생한 공시체는 시멘트비가 낮은 경우 최대 30% 정도까지 크게 저하되었다. 본 연구 결과는 현장에서 발생하는 수분공급 조건과 수침에 따른 시멘트 혼합토의 강도 변화를 예측하여 시멘트 혼합토를 사용한 댐과 같은 지반구조물의 안정성 확보에 기여할 수 있다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate seismic performance of reinforced concrete pier columns in Seohae Ground Bridge. Since the bridge was designed before preparing the seismic design specification the bridge columns of hollow hexagonal section were designed and constructed with insufficient seismic reinforcement details such as longitudinal and transverse reinforcement lap-splices. In order to take the necessary measures to improve its seismic performance experimental study was performed by small-scale test for the bridge columns, From the quasi-static test for small-scale column specimens the lap-splices were not critical for overall behavior of the column if sufficient lap-splice-length was provided. The test results of failure mode effective stiffness ductility and equivalent viscous damping ratio are presented.