• 제목/요약/키워드: Instrumental Network

검색결과 63건 처리시간 0.018초

영화 <이미테이션 게임>에 나타난 청각적·시각적 의미의 연합 (The Association of Auditive and Visual Meanings in )

  • 안수환
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제21권7호
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    • pp.83-92
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구의 목적은 영화 <이미테이션 게임>에서 사용되는 작곡가 데스플라(Alexandre Desplat)의 음악(청각적 정보)과 틸덤(Morten Tyldum)감독의 연출에 의하여 표현되는 영상(시각적 정보)이 연합하여 생성하는 의미를 살펴보는 것이다. 본 연구자는 영화에서 나타나는 청각적·시각적 정보가 어떻게 연합하는지를 연구하기 위하여 즈비코프스키(Lawrence Zwikowski)의 개념적 혼성이론을 방법론으로 채택하였다. 즈비코프스키는 포코니에(Golles Fauconnier)와 터너(Mark Turner)가 고안한 개념적 혼성 망(Conceptual Integration Networks, CIN)을 사용하여 청각적·시각적 정보의 연합에 의해 생성되는 의미를 분석하였다. 따라서 본 연구자는 <이미테이션 게임>에서 나타나는 음악과 영상의 조합을 연구하기 위해 음악과 영상에 의한 CIN분석을 연구 방법으로 적용하였다. 작곡가 데스플라는 에올리아 선법을 사용하여 조성적 선율 진행에 의한 익숙함을 교묘하게 피하여 주인공을 표현하였다. 또한 이 에올리아 선법은 영상을 통하여 나타나는 내러티브와 효과적인 연합을 위해 다양한 변형을 취하고 있다. 먼저 변박자와 단조 코드의 활용은 등장인물들의 불안정한 감정을 대변하는 반면, 간간히 활용되는 클리셰한 선율 진행과 장조 코드는 영상의 안정적인 분위기와 연합한다. 또한 데스플라는 긍정적 또는 부정적 반응을 만들기 위해 악기의 변형을 통한 다양한 음색변화와 기복이 심한 음량변화를 활용하였다. 본 연구자는 이러한 음악 및 음색 변화로 생성되는 청각적 신호의 의미가 영상에 의한 시각적 정보와 연합하여 영화가 내포하는 의미를 강화하고 있음을 확인하였다.

국내 지진활동 및 지각구조 연구동향 (Recent Research for the Seismic Activities and Crustal Velocity Structure)

  • 김성균;전명순;전정수
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.369-384
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    • 2006
  • 유라시아판 동남쪽에 위치한 한반도는 판경계로부터 수백 km 떨어진 판내지역에 해당하며, 판내부 지진은 판경계부에서의 지진에 비해 발생하는 지진에 비해 숫자가 상대적으로 적고 크기도 작을 뿐만 아니라 발생 위치도 매우 불규칙한 편이다. 이는 단층의 활동주기가 매우 길다는 것을 의미하므로, 약 2,000년 동안의 지진역사가 기록되어 있는 우리나라는 이들 자료를 정확히 분석하여 역사시대 동안에 발생한 지진의 활동도 및 특성 등을 규명하여야 한다. 역사지진의 자료에 의하면 지진활동은 조선 중기 즉 16-18 세기에 특히 활발했으며 높은 지진활동의 기간은 중국 북동부와 일치하고 있다. 이는 이 두지역의 지진활동이 밀접하게 연관되어 있음을 시사한다. 역사지진 및 계기지진 자료에 의하면 대체로 서해안쪽이 활발하며, 한반도 남동부에서 서북서 방향으로 활발한 양상을 보여준다. 우리나라에서의 근대적 지진관측은 1905년 최초로 인천관측소가 설치되어 광복이전 6개소의 지진관측소를 운영하였다. 그 후 지진관측 공백기를 거쳐 1963년 서울에 세계표준지진계가 설치되었으며 1990 년 초에 기상청은 중앙집중식 12개소의 관측소를 본격적으로 운영하기 시작하였다. 그 후 지속적인 확장을 통해 기상청에서는 속도계관측소 35개소, 가속도 관측소 75개소를, 한국지질자원연구원은 32개소의 속도계관측소, 16개소의 가속도 관측소를, 한국원자력안전기술원은 4개소의 속도계 및 가속도 관측소를, 한국전력연구원은 13개소의 속도계 및 기속도 관측소를 운영하고 있다..27개 지진의 발생원인을 분석한 결과 한반도 및 인접지역에서 발생한 지진의 대부분은 주향이동 단층 운동에 의한 메카니즘과 다소의 역단층 운동이 첨가된 단층운동 특성을 보여준다. 한반도 및 주변에서 단층작용을 일으킨 주응력 방향은 거의 수평한 동북동-서남서 방향으로 같은 판내 지역인 북동부 중국 지역의 주응력 방향과 매우 유사하고 동해 동부와는 상당한 차이를 보인다. 이는 한반도 및 그 주변에서 지진을 일으키는 주응력은 동쪽에서 유라시아판 밑으로 침강하는 태평양판의 영향뿐만 아니라 서남쪽에서 충돌하는 인도판의 영향도 상당히 작용하는 것으로 해석된다. 지각 속도구조는 지진이 발생한 진원의 위치와 지진규모를 정확히 알아내는데 필수적이다. 그 동안 국내 지진관측망 미비, 한반도 내부의 낮은 지진 발생 빈도 등의 이유로 양질의 지진자료를 구하기 어려워 지진자료를 이용한 지각속도 구조에 대한 연구가 극히 제한적으로 이루어질 수밖에 없었다. 그러나 최근에 국내의 여러 지친관측망에서 축적된 지진기록과 반사 및 굴절 탄성파 탐사를 수행하여 종합적으로 지각 속도구조를 규명하기 시작하였다. 이와 같은 인공발파를 이용한 지각속도구조를 규명하기 위해서는 많은 인원과 예산을 필요로 하므로 관련분야의 전문가들의 적극적인 참여가 필요한 상황이다.

스마트폰의 지각된 가치와 지속적 사용의도, 그리고 개인 혁신성의 조절효과 (An Empirical Study on Perceived Value and Continuous Intention to Use of Smart Phone, and the Moderating Effect of Personal Innovativeness)

  • 한준형;강성배;문태수
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.53-84
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    • 2013
  • With rapid development of ICT (Information and Communications Technology), new services by the convergence of mobile network and application technology began to appear. Today, smart phone with new ICT convergence network capabilities is exceedingly popular and very useful as a new tool for the development of business opportunities. Previous studies based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) suggested critical factors, which should be considered for acquiring new customers and maintaining existing users in smart phone market. However, they had a limitation to focus on technology acceptance, not value based approach. Prior studies on customer's adoption of electronic utilities like smart phone product showed that the antecedents such as the perceived benefit and the perceived sacrifice could explain the causality between what is perceived and what is acquired over diverse contexts. So, this research conceptualizes perceived value as a trade-off between perceived benefit and perceived sacrifice, and we need to research the perceived value to grasp user's continuous intention to use of smart phone. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structured relationship between benefit (quality, usefulness, playfulness) and sacrifice (technicality, cost, security risk) of smart phone users, perceived value, and continuous intention to use. In addition, this study intends to analyze the differences between two subgroups of smart phone users by the degree of personal innovativeness. Personal innovativeness could help us to understand the moderating effect between how perceptions are formed and continuous intention to use smart phone. This study conducted survey through e-mail, direct mail, and interview with smart phone users. Empirical analysis based on 330 respondents was conducted in order to test the hypotheses. First, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived usefulness among three factors of perceived benefit has the highest positive impact on perceived value, and then followed by perceived playfulness and perceived quality. Second, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived cost among three factors of perceived sacrifice has significantly negative impact on perceived value, however, technicality and security risk have no significant impact on perceived value. Also, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived value has significant direct impact on continuous intention to use of smart phone. In this regard, marketing managers of smart phone company should pay more attention to improve task efficiency and performance of smart phone, including rate systems of smart phone. Additionally, to test the moderating effect of personal innovativeness, this research conducted multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users. In a group with high level of innovativeness, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived playfulness was the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result of the group with high level of innovativeness explains that innovators and early adopters are able to cope with higher level of cost and risk, and they expect to develop more positive intentions toward higher performance through the use of an innovation. Also, hedonic behavior in the case of the group with low level of innovativeness aims to provide self-fulfilling value to the users, in contrast to utilitarian perspective, which aims to provide instrumental value to the users. However, with regard to perceived sacrifice, both groups in general showed negative impact on perceived value. Also, the group with high level of innovativeness had less overall negative impact on perceived value compared to the group with low level of innovativeness across all factors. In both group with high level of innovativeness and with low level of innovativeness, perceived cost has the highest negative influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with high level of innovativeness showed that perceived technicality was the positive factor to influence perceived value than others. However, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived security risk was the second high negative factor to influence perceived value than others. Unlike previous studies, this study focuses on influencing factors on continuous intention to use of smart phone, rather than considering initial purchase and adoption of smart phone. First, perceived value, which was used to identify user's adoption behavior, has a mediating effect among perceived benefit, perceived sacrifice, and continuous intention to use smart phone. Second, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value, while perceived cost has significant negative influence on perceived value. Third, perceived value, like prior studies, has high level of positive influence on continuous intention to use smart phone. Fourth, in multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users, perceived usefulness, in a group with high level of innovativeness, has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, perceived playfulness, in a group with low level of innovativeness, has the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result shows that early adopters intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their job useful, instead market followers intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their time enjoyable. In terms of marketing strategy for smart phone company, marketing managers should pay more attention to identify their customers' lifetime value by the phase of smart phone adoption, as well as to understand their behavior intention to accept the risk and uncertainty positively. The academic contribution of this study primarily is to employ the VAM (Value-based Adoption Model) as a conceptual foundation, compared to TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) used widely by previous studies. VAM is useful for understanding continuous intention to use smart phone in comparison with TAM as a new IT utility by individual adoption. Perceived value dominantly influences continuous intention to use smart phone. The results of this study justify our research model adoption on each antecedent of perceived value as a benefit and a sacrifice component. While TAM could be widely used in user acceptance of new technology, it has a limitation to explain the new IT adoption like smart phone, because of customer behavior intention to choose the value of the object. In terms of theoretical approach, this study provides theoretical contribution to the development, design, and marketing of smart phone. The practical contribution of this study is to suggest useful decision alternatives concerned to marketing strategy formulation for acquiring and retaining long-term customers related to smart phone business. Since potential customers are interested in both benefit and sacrifice when evaluating the value of smart phone, marketing managers in smart phone company has to put more effort into creating customer's value of low sacrifice and high benefit so that customers will continuously have higher adoption on smart phone. Especially, this study shows that innovators and early adopters with high level of innovativeness have higher adoption than market followers with low level of innovativeness, in terms of perceived usefulness and perceived cost. To formulate marketing strategy for smart phone diffusion, marketing managers have to pay more attention to identify not only their customers' benefit and sacrifice components but also their customers' lifetime value to adopt smart phone.