• 자원환경지질
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

The concectration and distribution of contaminants obtained from a contaminated land investigation or an environmental geochemistry survey constitutes the basis of a decision-making process on environmental policies or of scientific researches. As the quality of data determines the reliability of the result, the investigation plan should be adjusted according to the purpose of the investigation. In general, the effort to improve the data quality had been focused mainly on the QA/QC procedures in laboratories. The rapid progress of analytical instrument has also contributed toward improving the analytical precision to a sacrificable degree. Nevertheless, in many cases, it is not the analytical precision that needs improvement for the better precision of overall measurement process: it is rather during the sampling process in the field that is responsible for the poor precision. To assess the data quality on a measured value, ISO recommends to provide information on "measurement uncertainty" along with the measured value. The measurement uncertainty in an environmental measurement context can be explained as the statistical number that expresses the degree of the uncertainty stemming from the sampling and analytical procedures. There is a cost involved in order to improve the precision of sampling and analytical methods so as to decrease the degree of measurement uncertainty. The economical point of compromise in an investigation planning can be achieved when the allowable degree of uncertainty has been set before-hand. The investigation can then be planned accordingly not to exceed the uncertainty limit. Furthermore, if the measurement uncertainty estimated from the preliminary investigation can be separated into sampling and analytical uncertainties, it can be used as a criterion where the resources for the investigation should be allotted cost-effectively to reinforce the weakest link of the whole investigation process. This paper aims to present a method of estimating the level of measurement uncertainty of a measured contamination concentration at a site used as an example and to show how the estimated uncertainty can be applied to serve the particular purpose of an investigation.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1125-1125
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• 2001

Micro-scale test methods are producing small-sample size where the conventional physical and chemical tests can not be used (high standard deviation, uncertain sampling conditions, low repeatability). Different small-scale test methods were developed recently for determination of physico-chemical, functional, rheological properties of wheat or wheat dough using miniaturized instruments with sophisticated sample preparation/handling and mechanics (RVA, 2 g mixograph, micro-Z-arm mixer, small-scale noodle maker, micro-baking method etc.). The small-scale methodologies can be used as basic research tools or as technology supported measurements and can be also essential in the early selection for quality traits in breeding programs. The milling as a sample preparation step is essential procedure providing good quality flour or semolina samples from small amount of grain (5-10 g) in a reproducible and reliable way. The aim of present study was to use NIR as quality control tool, and to evaluate the recently developed and manufactured micro-scale lab mill (FQC-2000) produced by Inter-Labor Co. Ltd., Hungary. The milling characteristics of the new instrument were compared to other laboratory mills and the effects of milling action on the chemical composition of fractions were analysed. The fractions were tested with both chemical and near infrared spectroscopic methods. The micro-scale milling resulted significantly different yields, particle size distributions and different fractions from compositional point of view. The near infrared spectra were sensitive enough to distinguish the fractions obtained by different milling procedures. Quantitative NIR calibration equations were developed and tested in order to measure the chemical composition of characteristic milling fractions. Special qualification procedure the PQS (Polar Qualification System) method was used for detecting the differences between fractions obtained by macro and micro-milling procedures. The results and the limitations of PQS method in this application will be discussed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1161-1169
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 DSI의 성별에 다른 유용성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 GRBAS에서 모두 0점을 받은 경기도 및 서울에 거주하는정상 한국인 30명(남자 15명, 여자 15명)을 대상으로 2011년 3월부터 6월까지 실험하였다. DSI를 구성하고 있는 파라미터인 최대 발성시간, 최대 기본주파수, 최저 강도, Jitter(%)는 CSL 4500(Kay Pentax. USA)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 검사자는 모든 피험자에게 실험조건과 절차에 대해서 설명해 주었으며, 본 실험에 앞서 시범을 보여주었다. 성(性)이 DSI에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해서 Mann-Whitney 검정을 실시하였다. 본 실험 결과, 여성이 남성에 비해 최대 기본주파수는 높았지만 남녀간 DSI는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 DSI는 음성장애의 심한정도를 살펴볼 수 있는 객관적인 측정도구로 유용하다고 생각한다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.500-507
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• 2020

본 논문은 기록된 항적 데이터를 이용하여 혼잡한 공항의 비행 절차별 위험도를 분석하는 방법론을 제시하고, ADS-B (automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast) 데이터를 기반으로 재생성된 100일 치의 항적 데이터를 사용하여 인천국제공항과 김포국제공항의 비행 절차별 위험도를 분석한 결과를 보여준다. 위험도 분석은 DWC (detect and void well clear) 를 이용하였으며, 이를 통해 비행 절차별로 가장 높은 위험도가 나타나는 구간과 위험 발생이 잦은 구간을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 인천국제공항의 표준계기출발절차 중 RNAV BOPTA 1L의 SI712 - RANOS Fix 구간에서 가장 높은 위험도가 나타났으며, 표준계기도착절차 중에서는 RNAV GUKDO 1N에서는 SI947-DANAN Fix 구간에서 가장 높은 위험도가 나타났다. 또한 김포국제공항의 표준계기출발절차 중에서는 RNAV BULTI 1X의 SS726 - SS727 Fix, 표준계기도착절차 중에서는 RNAV OLMEN 1D의 KAKSO - KALMA Fix 구간에서 가장 높은 위험도가 나타났다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2023

In response to the recent surge in aviation demand, major airports and aviation authorities continue to make efforts to formulate arrival and approach procedures that take into account efficient aircraft separation, noise and environmental issues of carbon (CO2) emissions. In order to ensure efficient traffic control and environmental issues, as a result, a new concept Trombone, Point Merge, etc. have been introduced and widely used in the domestic airspace. However, these new concept procedures which do not properly reflect the characteristics of the aircraft operation performance and the FMS vertical descent guidance hinder flight efficiency as well as bring in turn negative factors such as level-off flight and the use of drag device at the busiest phase of the flight descent operation, like the Continuous Descent Operation (CDO). Accordingly, throughout modification the current Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR) and Instrument Approach Procedure(IAP) that reflect the aircraft descent performance and the FMS guidance, the flight operation safety and efficiency is expected to be improved eventually. We herewith analyze and propose the way of improving flight efficiency in the arrival operation procedure by supplementary modification which consequently contribute to the aviation industry international competitiveness.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2015

예방하려는 노력에도 불구하고, 치과진료 중 이물질을 삼키는 일이 발생한다. 주의 깊은 임상적 검사와 적절한 방사선학적 평가, 시의적절한 응급 치료가 심각한 결과를 예방할 수 있다. 본 증례에서는 환자가 이물질을 삼킨 케이스를 보고하고, 소아치과 영역에서 치과 기구의 섭취와 흡인의 예방과 관리에 대해 기술하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2018

This study aims to explore the relationship between organizational justice and social loafing of organizations in Ho Chi Minh City through quantitative analysis from the survey data for the 228 employees are working at the Organizations in Ho Chi Minh City. The instrument of collecting data was a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and employing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach's alpha, multiple regression analysis. The results showed that only two factors are Distributive justice and Procedural justice is to have the reverse effect on social loafing of employee. From the results of the study showed, Distributive justice and Procedural justice has the opposite effect of social loafing, which demonstrates that when individuals feel that their work is spent on Perform tasks in a clearly divided and they will receive a worthwhile result in the group when performing the task then the individual's collective indifference to the organization will decrease. And motivate the employee to make more efforts to work and contribute for the organization. In addition, the factor of Procedural justice also has the opposite effect of collective redundancy, which demonstrates that employees are more concerned about fairness in official policies and organizational procedures.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine visually impaired people's clothing behavior, using a qualitative approach. The results are intended to be used as baseline data to make an instrument that can measure the factors that have an effect on visually impaired people's clothing needs from the perspective of environmental and social relationship contexts. This study was made through in-depth interviews with people with grade-1 visual impairment, and the results were as follows: First, when purchasing clothing, they were accompanied by trusted people, and chose trusted brands and trusted products. They spent as little time as possible, did not try on many clothes, and they preferred colors, designs, and purchase methods that carried as low a risk as possible. Second, they wanted basic product information and simple procedures when purchasing and using clothing products. Third, they were able to manage their own clothes themselves. However, there was insufficient laundry information available. Fourth, the main reason why visually impaired people took care of their appearance was that they wanted to look neat and clean to be respected by others. Based on the study results, it is necessary to provide information on clothing to improve quality of life and welfare and thus ensure visually impaired people's independence.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.755-762
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate risk factor, precaution and treatment of aspirated foreign body during dental procedure. Material and Methods : Twenty cases of accidental aspiration of the foreign body, which removed by bronchoscopy at the Asan Medical Center between 2008 and 2012, were analyzed retrospectively. Results : Ten cases of accidental aspiration were occurred during dental procedure. Symtoms include cough(65%), dyspnea(50%), sputum(25%) and wheezing(25%). The most common location of foreign body was right bronchial tree(50%), left bronchial tree(45%) and carina(5%). Patients risk factors were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, esophageal cancer and vegetative state. Conclusion : Accidental aspiration or swallowing of dental instrument or material is not uncommon accidents in dental practice. Most foreign bodies enter into gastrointestinal tract spontaneously. But aspiration into broncho-trachea can be more serious events and must be treated as an emergency situation. Prompt emergency treatment and removal of the foreign body is necessary to avoid complication. Dentists must have knowledge about the precaution and be ready to deal with foreign body aspiration during dental procedures.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.201-208
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• 1993

지구측위사스템(GPS)의 등장은 새로운 기준점망의 구성과 기설망의 해석, 강화, 고밀도화의 작업에 신속성과 경제성을 부여할 수 있게 되었으며, 열악한 기상조건에서도 지도제작, 지적측량, 건설공사의 기준점 설정에서의 적용이 가능하기에 이르렀다. 이 논문에서는 GPS 측량기법의 실용화에 목적을 두고 있으며 기존의 EDM 방식에 의한 정밀기준점 측량을 대체할 수 있는 지를 검토하였다. 정밀 1차 기준점망인 평군변장 10 km의 시범망을 Wild GPS-System 200에 의해 관측하고 이 거리와 EDM 거리 및 실용성과와를 비교분석하였으며 상대고저차를 평균해면상의 값으로 변환코자 하였다. 연구결과를 종합해 보면, 국가기준점망의 구성에 있어 GPS를 하나의 새로운 관측장비로 취급하는 기법에 의하여 기존의 망구성과 계산체계를 유지할 수 있으므로 기존의 측량기법을 대체할 수 있음이 제시되어 있다.