• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.57-79
• /
• 2001

While the electronic commerce (EC) applies to most products, whether digitized or not, the EC for fisheries does not seem very successful. Many reasons lie behind this. However, insufficient and/or inconsistent legal and institutional provisions and lack of adequate government supports should be an immediate concern. This study identifies and analyzes problems with the current electronic commerce and trade for fisheries, and suggests institutional provisions and policies for successful expansion of the newly introduced marketing and distribution system.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.273-288
• /
• 2022

This study first classifies and organizes provisions on institutional arrangements (or IAs) and dispute settlement mechanism(or DSM) in a digital trade agreement. Then it conducts a case study on seven major digital trade agreements: the CPTPP, the USJDTA, the USMCA, the ASDEA, the RCEP, the KSDPA, and the DEPA. And it finally derives implications for Korea to improve implementation of DTAs by communicating better and resolving disputes efficiently with the help of IAs and DSM-related provisions. IAs of a digital trade agreement can be defined as a set of agreements on the division of the respective responsibilities of agencies involved in implementing and enforcing the agreement, including committees, working groups, or contact points. DSM of a digital trade agreement includes consultation, mediation, arbitration, and establishment of a panel. Comparing six FTAs with an e-commerce chapter, the CPTPP, the USMCA, and the RCEP contain the most advanced type of IA provisions while the CPTPP, the USMCA, the RCEP, and the KSDPA have that of DSM provisions. Korea is its initial stage as it has only signed the KSDPA with Singapore as well as it is about to launch a new digital trade negotiation for the DEPA, the CPTPP, and even the IPEF, it is necessary to engage in negotiations with a clearer position on behalf of Korean digital companies. As provisions on IAs and DSM are important policy tools that can reflect industry concerns and convey proposals in inter-governmental dialogue, a Korean draft of the IAs and DSM-related provision should be prepared in advance.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제5권6호
• /
• pp.146-153
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 국내 건설공사 계약체결 시 도급인의 우월적인 지위를 남용하여 공사수급인에게 불이익을 제공하는 불공정특약의 문제점을 고찰, 이에 대한 대처방안 및 제도개선 방안 제시를 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 불공정특약으로 인해 문제가 발생했던 분쟁에 대한 판례68건을 분석하고 공사참여자를 대상으로 한 인식조사를 실시했으며, 이를 바탕으로 문제점을 도출하고 구체적 인 대처방안 및 제도개선 방안을 제시하였다. 이와 같은 과정을 통해 수행된 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다: 1) 불공정특약의 주요 문제점으로 공사대금지불조건, 포괄적 책임전가, 계약금액조정과 관련한 문제점을 도출하였다. 3) 특약설정행위에 대한 대처방안으로는 입찰단계, 시공단계, 준공단계로 구분되어 제시하였다. 3)불공정특약에 대한 제도개선 방안으로는 규정강화, 감독 강화, 클레임의 활성화, 설계변경절차서 및 지침서 제정, 사전적 구제방법 등을 제시하였다.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.1-25
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 무역과 노동기준의 연계에 있어 미국과 EU의 FTA에 나타난 노동장(chapter)을 비교분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 비교적 단기간에 효과가 나타나는 관세철폐와 달리, 노동기준의 조율은 장기간에 걸친 제도변화 및 규제의 수렴현상을 일으킬 수 있으며, 경제뿐만 아니라, 사회적 변화까지 수반하기 마련이다. 미국은 북미자유무역협정 이후 양자 FTA를 추진함에 있어 위반 시 제소와 벌금부과까지 가능한 구속력 있는 노동조항을 포함시켜왔고, 이에 반해 EU가 체결한 FTA의 노동장은 대화 또는 협력에 기반을 둔 권고적 조항을 중심으로 형성되어 왔다. 이와 같은 차이는 양측이 갖고 있는 FTA 추진의 목적, 국내법 및 운영체계와 같은 국내적 상황이 복합적으로 작용한 결과이다. 한국은 양측과 동시에 FTA를 발효시켰고, 한국기업의 해외노무관리가 점차 중요해짐에 따라 향후 국제적인 무역-노동기준 연계 논의에 더 많은 영향을 받게 될 것이다. 한·미 FTA의 이행을 살펴보면, 한국이 ILO 협약 등 국제기준을 대부분 준수하고 있다는 점에서 양측 간에 큰 문제가 불거질 것으로 예상되지는 않으나, 한국의 노사관계법과 노사관계 관행이 미국식과 맞지 않을 경우 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 한·EU FTA는 이행과정에서 양측이 정부는 물론, NGO를 포함하는 시민사회 간의 대화를 실시할 것을 규정하고 있어서, 비록 구속력은 없으나, 지속적인 외압으로 작용할 수 있다. 이러한 점을 감안할 때 한국은 FTA를 통해 미국과 EU의 노동규제로부터 끊임없이 직간접적인 영향을 받을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.113-137
• /
• 2005

In the provisions of 'the Arbitration Law of China, there are special provisions for international arbitration. When a court refuses the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards or cancel the domestic awards relating to international arbitration, they have to adopt the provisions of 'Chinese Civil Procedure Law'. These provisions are the same as the provisions of Korean Civil Procedure Law concerning the reasons of renewal. In the Korean Arbitration Act, those provisions disappeared when it was revised on December 31, 1999. Among the characteristics of the Chinese arbitration system, a serious question is that it provides only institutional arbitration and there is no ad-hoc arbitration in the Chinese Arbitration Law. On the other hand, when the parties appoint three arbitrators according to their agreement, the parties appoint the third arbitrator by mutual agreement and when they fail to agree, the Arbitration Committee appoints the third arbitrator. In practice, as the parties hardly agree on the third arbitrator or sole arbitrator, the Committee usually appoints them. And appointing an arbitrator from out of their panel of arbitrators is permitted these days only under examination by the Arbitration Committee in accordance with the arbitration rules of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Other arbitration committees except the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission are still prohibited from making appointments from out of their panel of arbitrators. Accordingly, arbitration in China cannot be predicted and poses a question about legal stability as party autonomy is restricted in the appointment of arbitrators and arbitral procedure. Such being the case it is strongly recommended to select Korea as the place of arbitration in transactions with China. However it is better to arbitrate than to file a law suit in China.

• 의정연구
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.85-111
• /
• 2018

본 논문은 비정규직 보호제도가 해석 실행 집단의 주도적 권력 행위에 의해 규정 개정 여부와 관계없이 실질적 차원에서 제도변화를 경험해 왔다고 분석한다. 점진적 제도변화 이론을 통해 제도는 정치맥락 속에 끊임없이 재해석되는 동태적 성격을 가졌다는 데 주목하고 있다. 비정규직 보호제도는 단기계약반복, 정규직 외의 별도직군 형성, 차별 판단 회피의 방식으로 이면적 변화를겪어왔다. 이러한 제도의 전환적 변화는 제도적으로 '해석 실행의 재량수준'이 높고, 정치적으로 '제도변화 거부 가능성'이 낮아 발생할 수 있었다. 구체적으로 비정규직 범위, 사용기간 제한과 초과 시 근로계약 형태 및 고용의무, 차별금지 시정 규정에 대해 다양한 해석이 가능했다. 그리고 비정규직 조직률이 낮고 사회적 대화기구 내에서 노동계의 영향력이 위축되었을 뿐만 아니라 국회내 노동자정당 약화로 입법과정에서의 정치력이 약화되면서 전환적 제도변화를 거부할 가능성이 낮아졌다.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.439-455
• /
• 2008

The SPS Agreement, concluded in the Uruguay Round for the purpose of controlling SPS risks, has traditionally been recognized to maintain the narrowest scope of application compared with TBT Agreement and GATT in relation with environmental provisions. Contrary to such an understanding on the scope of the SPS Agreement, the panel in the EC-Biotech case found that the SPS Agreement extends to regulate trade-restrictive measures on Genetically Modified Organizations(GMOs) causing health and environmental risks. This expanding scope of the SPS Agreement would have substantial influence on domestic environmental regulations as well as Multilateral Environmental Agreements(MEAs). This paper discusses the consequences of an expanding ambit for the WTO SPS Agreement through the designation of a wider range of health and environmental regulations affecting trade as SPS measures. As a result, not only precautionary measures on GMO risks, but also other health and environmental measures with trade impacts, could be subject to SPS control, and consequently, the institutional rigors of the WTO regime. However, strict and literal interpretation of the SPS provisions to expand its applicable scope would cause concerns about the WTO's intervention on the purely environmental measures. Pursuing harmonized and flexible interpretation of provisions on environment-related conflicts as well as accepting precautionary principle included MEAs will contribute to reduce such kind of concerns.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.375-376
• /
• 2023

In this study, the legal and institutional status of construction supervising and construction inspector was identified. As a result of examining the definitions of construction supervision terms, focusing on domestic construction-related laws, it was found that there were no consistency between each laws regarding 'terminology' and 'definitions'. In addition, the scope of construction inspector's work continues to expand through the delegation provisions to lower statutes, however, responsibility, authority, and inspection cost are not taken into account properly. In addition in order to introduce digital technology to the smart construction site, which is currently active under way, it is judged that the law and institutional contents need to be improved further.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제68권
• /
• pp.171-195
• /
• 2015

The large increase in RTAs since the late 1980's has challenged the foundations of the multilateral trading system, and thereby has become an axis in the GATT/WTOsystem.While RTAs can be seen to be contradictory to the overall aim of the WTO, they were allowed for in Article XXIV of GATT conditional to certain provision. The failure of compliance and subsequently enforcement of these provisions could be seen as a serious flaw of Article XXIV since the inception of GATT system. Many elements of GATT Article XXIV are not clear and thus lead to divergent interpretations of its disciplines. This considerable divergence in opinions arise from both ambiguities throughout the provisions under GATT Article XXIV. In this regard, both economic and legal work is required to keep up with constantly changing nature of the world trading system. Further, global efforts are required to resolve another teething issue of WTO's problematic institutional framework on GATT/WTO's oversight and surveillance of RTAs. and thereby strengthen the multilateral trading system. Needless to say, theGATT/WTOframework has been essential in paving the way for RTAs while ensuring a more multilateral and liberal trading system. Consequently, global efforts should be made to restructure the WTO for the renewed multilateral trade liberalization in the GATT/WTO.

• 의료법학
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.323-386
• /
• 2006

A combination of information technology and medical care has given rise to a new type of medicine, i.e., telemedicine. Broadly defined, telemedicine is the transfer of electronic medical data from one location to another. Both at home and abroad, telemedicine has come to success in establishing appropriate equipment and solutions for such non-conventional medicine. Sooner or later, telemedicine is believed to find itself as one of the universal treatments. In order to facilitate the full-fledged development of telemedicine, a number of legal and institutional problems have to be settled. In Korea, the Medical Act was amended to include such provisions as telemedicine, electronic medical records, electronic prescriptions, etc. and the Act came into force on March 31, 2002. Telemedicine is in common with the conventional medicine in that a physician treats a patient. However, telemedicine is basically differentiated in the followings: - The offer and acceptance of treatment and medication are usually made on-line; - Telemedicine is inherently dangerous because a physician cannot meet face-to-face with a patient; and - Joint and several liability is borne by all the physicians involved in a telemedical consultation. As a result, telemedicine is vulnerable in nature to medical malpractice. Accordingly, there must be some new theories and arguments in the formation of contract and torts. The discussion on the civil liability covers the above-mentioned issues, and would give an insight or guidelines in the concerted operation of provisions with respect to telemedicine. This study delves into the civil liability of physicians involved in telemedical consultations and treatments based upon the conventional malpractice theory.