• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-41
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• 2004

Rapid development of computer and telecommunication technology brought out the expansion of electronic commerce which is the new type of business transaction. Offline transaction can lead to problems and disputes the same is for cyberspace transactions. However ADR is not meet for the online transaction for speed, cost and open network system, ODR methods to resolve electronic commerce conflicts is crucial for building confidence and permitting access to justice in an online business environment. And ADR refers to processes other than judicial determination in which an impartial person assists those in a dispute to resolve the issues between them. ODR refers to ADR processes assisted by information technology, particularly the internet. ODR has been available since 1996. Its development can be as passing through three broad stages : hobbyist, experimental, entrepreneurial, institutional phrase. Also, ODR has adapted a range of traditional ADR for use online, including arbitration. mediation. facilitated negotiation and case appraisal. Mediation and arbitration have been the most prevalent forms of ODR. ODR is the burgeoning field and has created a new issues. All such issues which have been debated in the ADR are composed with ODR. But these are not limited. Some of issues are further complicated by the nature of the online environment such as confidentiality and principle of parties. Finally electronic commerce now takes place on the Internet, it is inevitable that the commercial world wants access to dispute resolution process that best suits the new commercial environment. ODR methods are processing for development and legal issues are considered by both national and international authorities.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.585-590
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• 2006

Though the issue on the integration of maritime transport market in Northeast Asia has a long history, there has never been any notable progress. Especially the lack of country-wise analysis on the barriers of market integration appears as a serious problem for more concrete discussion and the design of the roadmap for market integration. This study analyzes the maritime market of each country in the aspect of infrastructure provision, the development of the industry, change of institutions, and network connectivity and compare the competitiveness of 3 countries in the Northeast maritime market. Furthermore this study analyzes the barriers for market integration on the basis of bilateral relation, i.e. Korea-Japan, Korea-China and Japan-Korea. Based on these analyses, this study finds out the fact that the most serious barrier for market integration among 3 countries is the egocentric policies for the protection of industries in each country rather than any other institutional or physical barriers. In conclusion, this study argues that 3 countries should try to find out a third policy alternative which can make 3 countries enjoy the win-win game, such as route integration among 3 countries and joint venture for the liners operated in the region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.55-56
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• 2018

In order to construct an efficient monitoring system for major port cities in Korea, the first step to build and manage related laws and institutional infrastructure with strengthen the cooperation of the relevant agencies, regional port authorities, and port corporations. Second, for the management of air pollutants emitted by ports, a management system should be established through systematic inventory source inventory and real-time monitoring system. Third, active countermeasures should be established to reduce the emission of air pollutants by sources such as ships, harbor equipment, and trucks. This will improve the air quality of major port cities and move them to clean port cities.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.137-151
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• 2021

The study aims to explore the success factors focus on the system for implementing the New Rural Vitalization Plus Project (NRVPP). It offers recommendations to bring the success of the community development projects and support the strategies in political and practical. Conclusions and recommendations for improving the practice of implementation are based on the results of the in-depth interview with 9 developers and experts joining the NRVPP. Findings show that the promotion team as the NGO for the community development project used the collaboration and cooperation network to progress for the success of the project although they suffered the political, legal, and institutional problems hindering the normal function of each promotion entity in municipalities. The implications of the study were presented in the conclusion section.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.29-44
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• 2021

The study provides a quantitative and qualitative description of global research in the domain of quantum machine learning (QML) as a way to understand the status of global research in the subject at the global, national, institutional, and individual author level. The data for the study was sourced from the Scopus database for the period 1999-2020. The study analyzed global research output (1374 publications) and global citations (22434 citations) to measure research productivity and performance on metrics. In addition, the study carried out bibliometric mapping of the literature to visually represent network relationship between key countries, institutions, authors, and significant keyword in QML research. The study finds that the USA and China lead the world ranking in QML research, accounting for 32.46% and 22.56% share respectively in the global output. The top 25 global organizations and authors lead with 35.52% and 16.59% global share respectively. The study also tracks key research areas, key global players, most significant keywords, and most productive source journals. The study observes that QML research is gradually emerging as an interdisciplinary area of research in computer science, but the body of its literature that has appeared so far is very small and insignificant even though 22 years have passed since the appearance of its first publication. Certainly, QML as a research subject at present is at a nascent stage of its development.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

The existing smart grid, which is centered on the power grid, is rapidly spreading to new energy and renewable energy such as heat and gas, which are expressed as smart energy. Smart Energy interacts with electric energy and is connected to wired / wireless network based on IoT sensor based on energy analysis using AI to rapidly expand ecosystem with various energy carriers and customers. However, smart energy based on IoT is lacking in technological and institutional preparation for security compared to efforts to activate the market according to the interests of government and business operators. In this study, we will present Smart Energy 's privacy policy in terms of value system(CPND) of convergence ICT.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2021

This paper intends to evaluate the policies which are considered necessary to enhance the T/S competitiveness of Busan's port, and thereby present suggestions to the government which would best implement the results of this research. This research first raises the claim that the majority of the following four conditions: location of the port, port productivity/service level, status of network with overseas ports, and cost competitiveness, should be satisfied in order to maintain a competitive T/S port. Based on these four conditions, seven policies, which are individually pertinent to the four conditions, have been drawn up for proposal, and they are also analyzed in the survey, where all the eligible samples participate to ensure if they are effective in enhancing the T/S competitiveness of Busan. Proposed important policies are a) Terminal operator integration, b) port infrastructure expansion, c) global carriers owned terminal operation, d) enhancement of national carrier's competitiveness, e) feeder carriers' owned terminal operation in new port, f) institutional support for effective and convenient environments for handling T/S cargo, and g) volume incentive expansion. From the analysis by which all the relevant parties (Carriers, Terminal Operators, Port Authority) are answered, it was found that all the seven policies have relevance in strengthening the transshipment competitiveness of Busan's port. Whereas in the analysis that uses AHP methodology to compare the significance among the different policies, it was found that terminal operator integration has the highest priority in terms of increasing transshipment competitiveness.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

Artificial intelligence is a core technology in the era of digital transformation, and as the technology level is advanced and used in various industries, its influence is growing in various fields, including social, ethical and legal issues. Therefore, it is time to raise social awareness on ethics of artificial intelligence as a prevention measure as well as improvement of laws and institutional systems related to artificial intelligence development. In this study, we analyzed unstructured data, typically text, such as online news articles and comments to confirm the degree of social awareness on ethics of artificial intelligence development. The analysis showed that the public intended to concentrate on specific issues such as "Human," "Robot," and "President" in 2018 to 2019, while the public has been interested in the use of personal information and gender conflics in 2020 to 2021.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.113-116
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• 2021

우리나라는 최근 COVID-19 감염병 재난에 대한 체계적이고 성공적인 방역과 대응으로 국제적인 주목과 인정을 받고 있으며, 세계 10위 수준의 국가 경제 발전과 재난관리 중요성의 인식 향상에 따라 수준 높은 국가 재난관리 체계에 대한 국민적 관심과 요구가 높아지고 있다. 2004년 국가 위기관리 기본지침의 제정과 함께 국가 위기관리 표준 매뉴얼이 수립된 이래로 국가 위기관리 체계에서 위기관리 매뉴얼은 중추적인 역할을 담당하고 있다. 하지만 4차시대 혁명시대 ICT 기술 및 재난정보들이 융합된 재난 대응 환경에서 책자와 파일 위주의 정적 문서 포맷과 비구조적인 내용구성으로 주요정보 간 연계·활용성이 낮은 현재 매뉴얼 체계는 실제 재난상황에서 KEY 역할을 수행하기에는 여러 측면에서 한계가 뚜렷하다. 본 논문에서는 국가 위기관리 매뉴얼 체계 개선의 초석을 마련하는 단계로써 표준 매뉴얼에 대한 구성요소를 분석하고 기관 간 협업관계를 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.943-958
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• 2023

This study explores the sneakerhead subculture through the lens of subcultural capital, primarily focusing on online community interactions. The analysis utilizes text mining techniques and netnographic research methods to examine textual data extracted from the online sneakerhead community and aims to elucidate manifestations of subcultural capital within the subculture. The findings underscore several key points: Firstly, shared experiences cultivated by the collective consciousness of subcultural capital foster solidarity among members. Secondly, ongoing validation of authenticity and comprehension of sneakers' cultural significance are member requirements. Subsequently, exhibiting greater levels of subcultural capital empowers members, resulting in hierarchical structures both within and beyond the community. Fourthly, resale-driven sneaker commercialization yields positive outcomes, including individual profit and cultural expansion, yet also brings negative consequences, such as market distortion and intra-community conflict. Lastly, the online community fills a pivotal role in dictating subcultural trends, effectively functioning as an institutional network. Given sneakers' enduring status as a fashion phenomenon, further examination of in this realm is warranted.