• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to figure out the current condition of local governments (Si or Gun) to implement rural development policy in the face of the central government's drive for increasing devolution. Since late 1990s or early 2000s when scope of rural policy began to expand quantitatively, there has been considerable increase in rural residents' participation into community projects as a whole. Nevertheless, there exists regional differentiation in local governments' efforts to systematically support rural development projects (CRDP: Comprehensive Rural Development Programme) and community activities by setting up intermediary organizations or hiring rural development professionals in a public office. According to this survey on local government officials, regions that have made such efforts to support rural policy at a local level, show more advanced level of institutional capacity than other regions in local decision making process for CRDP, role of strategic rural developmental plans, vitality of community actors, etc. In the era of increasing devolution, these differences can be expected to result in diverging performances of each area in regionalized rural policy. The central government needs to introduce EU's LEADER-type rural development programmes to support community acitivities by various local actors and at the same time promote local governance building for rural policy, adopting institutional rewarding system such as rural planning contract.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-66
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• 2004

The relationship between innovation policies and locational competitiveness has emerged as an important area in the analysis of economic development, reflecting both the centralisation and decentralisation of globalising economic activities. The underlying spatial and institutional components are subject to a pattern of cumulative causation in which strategic interventions of policy actors exercise a decisive role in shaping competitive advantages, while promoting interactions with local and foreign partners both from the private and public sectors. The Singaporean development experience illustrated these strategic interdependencies of innovation policies and locational competitiveness. Based on her role as a manufacturing and service hub, Singapore is viewed as an infrastructural nodal point which is interconnected to global production networks. Paralleling efforts in the domain of technological innovation, Singapore's policies for locational competitiveness aim at an adaptive harmonisation of the needs of international investors with local developmental objectives. This orientation characterises also current efforts in promoting Singapore as a knowledge agglomeration with a distinct science base, expanding R&D operations and an innovation-driven pattern of economic development. In conclusion, the locational rationale of Singapore's innovation policies provides lessons for dealing with the spatial and institutional implications of technological globalisation.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2002

This study reviewed a broad range of existing reform options, and on the basis of this review proposed a number of initiatives for institutional reform in developing countries. This strategies were intended to help FAO staff to provide guidance to the developing countries for the reform of their agricultural and rural extension systems. The paper defines the distinction among extension as a function, agricultural extension as part of a larger knowledge triangle, and agricultural and rural extension as an expanded concept of knowledge and information systems. The focus is on new measures that promote food security, market-driven system, and highly competitive agribusiness enterprises. Moreover, this study focus on the tensions that exist between the modern force of globalization and the traditional forces of culture, geography, and community.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.195-217
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• 2003

Since the early 1990s, cluster-based policies have been celebrated as the basis of successful regional industrial and technological development strategy by encouraging regional innovation and technological spillover. Most recently, the Korean government has also begun to seek to initiate some strategies for promoting industry clusters. However, it is problematic that the cluster policies still focus on attracting related firms and establishing supporting agencies and physical infrastructures rather than improving social and institutional dimensions for cluster development such as social capital, networks, social learning capabilities, the governance of regional innovation. In this paper we attempt to elucidate social and institutional dimensions for cluster development and suggest some policy agenda to promote innovative cluster.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Tourism has been considered as the largest industry in the world, which is contributing towards employment generation, wealth creation and pursuing social benefits. Growing concern about the impact of human activities upon the environment, increased awareness of and concern for global environment have intensified the demand for sustainable tourism and their focus on balancing of: profit-driven motives, preserving and enhancing the social as well as ecological balance. Based on secondary materials and content analysis present study evaluated existing status of sustainable tourism development and explored important change strategies for future improvement of tourism sector in Bangladesh. The study recognized different views of change management and various strategies for obtaining sustainability in tourism industry. The present study identified the institutional networks, challenges in the way of applying systems approach to change management for sustainable tourism development and suggested important options for overcoming the impediments to operate through the proposed strategic framework in Bangladesh.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.593-600
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• 2007

This paper presents the preliminary observations of an ongoing study that is looking into organisational changes that are externally imposed using the institutional theory. The study population are the government-linked companies involved in housing development (GLCHD) in Malaysia. For the purpose of this paper, only two are highlighted. From secondary sources, elements of changes that have exerted on these two GLCHD over the last six years and the internal changes that have taken place during the same time period were identified. The tentative conclusion is that external environment contributed to organisational change in the two GLCHD.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.463-467
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• 2007

This paper deals with service quality systems such as nonstore selling service, telemarketing services, call center services, market and opinion research service, franchise service, and, institutional feeding service. These service quality systems include process, infrastructure, and, requirements for the training and development of agents and staffs.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.203-218
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• 1985

In Korea, the developmental gap is deep between rural and urban areas in spacial aspect and, or between agricultural and industrial side. So there are much room for improvement in agri. development in national standpoint as well as in individual farmer's level. In this respect, agricultural financing is requisitive to speed up the pace of agricultural development and in result, to contribute to improvement of farm income. By the way, farmers' credit demands are always in excess-demand status and they rely on private money-lenders in the burden of high interest rate. In agricultural financing market, there are two kinds of credit ; institutional credit and non-institutional credit market, that is private money-lending. In institutional credit, there are mutual credit system operating by the primary coops and policy credit system by NACF financed by Government in part. Here, in this paper, I venture to study on the improvements of the policy credit system to increase and activate the supply function of agri. policy credit into farmers to enhance their socio-economic status.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

The present study intended to analyze and detect any possible shortcomings in the current egg distribution system in Korea through a questionnaire. The institutional system and cases of operation thereof in advanced countries such as the USA, Japan, and Germany for the development of the egg distribution industry in Korea. The results revealed the following issues: absent pricing system, ineffective egg distribution, and difficulty in balancing supply and demand. Suggestions for addressing these issues and the subsequent improvement were based on cases found in the instated systems of advanced countries, and were given as follows: (i) The existing GP Center needs to be separated from the farms of laying hens, and the current institutional system and its operations need to be improved and should be approved by the government. Parallel to the institutional improvement, establishing a distribution system centered on the GP Center would be desirable. (ii) Egg pricing regulations are needed as a standard to determine the price of eggs. (iii) The reinforcing control standards and securing means for egg preservation are pertinent to each stage of egg distribution and should take into account environmental factors such as egg preservation temperature to guarantee high hygiene standards and egg safety.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1727-1738
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• 2021

Objective: This review consolidates the available information on the socio-economic and ecological significance of Mithun in the lives of ethnic communities in the Eastern Himalaya. Methods: Standard guidelines were followed for the review and data collection was carried out at three stages; literature search, literature screening, and literature review and analysis. Results: Records indicate a long association of Mithun with the ethnic groups. Mithun serves as a symbol of pride and local currency for barter trade in the ethnic society. Its utilities range from being used as a bride price to settling legal disputes. Several cultural festivals and local ceremonies are celebrated around this bovine. Due to its semi-wild nature, this animal also has an ecological role to conserve broad leaf sub-tropical forests. However, it remains neglected and has not received policy attention, leading to a stagnated growth. The institutions for Mithun research and development are also weak. Furthermore, the species is under threat from new diseases and habitat alteration triggered by climate change. Conclusion: Founded on the current state of knowledge, there is a need for institutional development, strengthening institutional linkages, and promoting regional cooperation among Mithun rearing countries for further research and development of this unique cattle.