• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2007

To develop a new quality control method for evaluation of Korean instant noodle soups, the chemical characteristics of roasted red pepper powder(RRP), mixed with red pepper seasoning oil, were investigated during storage at $65^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks. The chemical composition was not significantly changed after 6 weeks of storage(P>0.05). The pH value decreased gradually while the acid value increased during storage. Both the American Spice Trade Association(ASTA) value that indicates redness of red pepper, and the CIE $L^*,\;a^*,\;and\;b^*$ values decreased remarkably during storage. The fatty acids of the RRP oil were mainly linoleic acid(55.1%), oleic acid(24.3%), and palmitic acid(13.9%). The composition of fatty acids was not significantly changed after 6 weeks of storage(P>0.05). In the free fatty acid(FFA) composition of the RRP oil, linoleic acid(32.4%) was the principal component. The total amount of FFA and the amount of each individual FFA increased remarkably during storage. The ratio of free unsaturated fatty acids to free saturated fatty acids increased during storage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.757-762
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• 2005

Characteristics of cereals prepared by extrusion-cooking and freeze-drying were compared. Parameters used were water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), paste viscosity, and sterilization. Variables for extrusion process were barrel temperature at die section (70, 90, and $110^{\circ}C$) and moisture content (25 and 30%). WAI and WSI of extruded cereals were higher, whereas trough, breakdown, and final viscosity were lower than those of raw and freeze-dried cereals. Plate counting revealed no microbes in extruded cereals, whereas microbe colony was observed in freeze-dried cereals. Extrusion-cooking at low temperature resulted in better sterilization of microbes than freeze-drying for preparation of instant cereal drinks.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.51-73
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• 2015

The Web now provides instant access to an unprecedented amount of information that was unthinkable even 20-30 years ago. However, the full potential of the contents available through the Internet can only be realized when one can speak and understand foreign languages, especially English which accounts for more than half of web contents. In this study, we try to investigate the effect of search task languages and task complexity on searching performance. A total of thirty students enrolled at a top private university in Korea were recruited as study subjects. We set up a quasi-experimental design in which thirty subjects are randomly assigned to a set of eight different search tasks containing an equal number of simple and complex tasks and an equal number of tasks in Korean and in English. The results show that there is a significant difference between simple and complex tasks in terms of SERP time, number of queries used, correctness of results and total search time. However, task language does not seem to have affected search performance for this study group. In addition, students with high English proficiency test scores show comparable search performance in English tasks compared with lower test scores. But we note differences in behavioral patterns (different search engines used and search tactics) among the study participants.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

An isotopic hydrograph separation technique has been able to determine the contribution of new water (event water such as rain or snowmelt) and old water (pre-event water like groundwater) to a stream hydrograph for last several decades using stable water isotopes. It is based on the assumption that the isotopic compositions of both new water and old water at a given instant in time are known and the stream water is a mixture of the two waters. In this study, we show that there is a systematic error (standard error in the new water fraction) in the isotopic hydrograph separation if the average isotopic compositions of new water were used ignoring the temporal variations of those of new water. The standard error in the new water fraction is caused by: (1) the isotopic difference between the average value and temporal variations of new water; (2) the new water fraction as runoff contributing to the stream during rainfall or spring melt; and (3) the isotopic differences between new and old water (inversely). The standard error is large, in particular, when new water dominates the stream flow, such as runoff during intense rainfall and in areas of low infiltration during spring melt. To reduce the error in the isotopic hydrograph separation, incorporation of fractionation in the isotopic composition of new water observed at a point should be considered with simultaneous sampling of new water, old water and stream water.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.463-476
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• 2016

Objectives: Environmental, social and personal factors influence eating patterns. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between unhealthy food outlets within a residential area and obesity using nationally representative Korean survey data and data from the Census on Establishments. Methods: Data on the food intakes and socioeconomic variables of a total of 9,978 adults aged ${\geq}19$ years were obtained from the 2013-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Geographic locations of restaurants were obtained from the 2013 Census on Establishments in Korea. Administrative area was categorized into tertiles of count of unhealthy food outlets based on the distribution of number of unhealthy food outlets among all urban (Dong) and rural (Eup or Myun) administrative districts in Korea. Multilevel logistic regressions model were used to assess the association between the number of unhealthy food outlets and obesity. Results: People living in the district with the highest count of unhealthy food outlets had higher intakes of fat (45.8 vs. 44.4 g/day), sodium (4,142.6 vs. 3,949.8 mg/day), and vitamin A (753.7 vs. $631.6 {\mu}gRE/day$) compared to those living in the district with the lowest count of unhealthy food outlets. A higher count of unhealthy food outlets was positively associated with frequent consumption of instant noodles, pizza, hamburgers and sandwiches, sweets and sour pork or pork cutlets, fried chicken, snacks, and cookies. Higher exposure to unhealthy food outlets was associated with increased odds of obesity (1st vs. 3rd tertile; OR 1.689; 95% CI 1.098-2.599). Conclusions: A high count of unhealthy food outlets within a residential area is positively associated with the prevalence of obesity in Korea. The results suggest that food environmental factors affects the health outcomes and interventions aiming to restrict the availability of unhealthy food outlets in local neighborhoods may be a useful obesity prevention strategy.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.344-355
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• 2002

Having a variety of good characteristics against other pattern recognition techniques, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) has been used in wide applications. But, it is known that Error Backpropagation (EBP) algorithm which MLP uses in learning has a defect that requires relatively long leaning time. Because learning data in pattern recognition contain abundant redundancies, in order to increase learning speed it is very effective to use online-based teaming methods, which update parameters of MLP pattern by pattern. Typical online EBP algorithm applies fixed learning rate for each update of parameters. Though a large amount of speedup with online EBP can be obtained by choosing an appropriate fixed rate, fixing the rate leads to the problem that the algorithm cannot respond effectively to different leaning phases as the phases change and the learning pattern areas vary. To solve this problem, this paper defines learning as three phases and proposes a Instant Learning by Varying Rate and Skipping (ILVRS) method to reflect only necessary patterns when learning phases change. The basic concept of ILVRS is as follows. To discriminate and use necessary patterns which change as learning proceeds, (1) ILVRS uses a variable learning rate which is an error calculated from each pattern and is suppressed within a proper range, and (2) ILVRS bypasses unnecessary patterns in loaming phases. In this paper, an experimentation is conducted for speaker verification as an application of pattern recognition, and the results are presented to verify the performance of ILVRS.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.126-134
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• 2016

Due to the merits of OLED displays such as fast responsiveness, wide view angle, and power efficiency, their use has increased. However, despite the power efficiency of OLED displays, the portion of their power consumption among the total power consumption is still high since user interaction-based applications such as instant messaging, video play, and games are frequently used. Their power consumption varies significantly depending on the display contents and thus color transformation is one of the low-power techniques used in OLED displays. Prior low-power color transformation techniques have not been rigorously studied in terms of satisfaction of the human visual system, and have not considered optimal visual satisfaction and power consumption at the same time in relation to color transformation. In this paper, we propose a novel low-power color transformation technique which strictly considers human visual system-awareness as well as optimization of both visual satisfaction and power consumption in a balanced way. Experimental results show that the proposed technique achieves better human visual satisfaction in terms of visuality and also shows on average 13.4% and 22.4% improvement over a prior one in terms of power saving.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.4 s.107
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• pp.501-510
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• 2006

Software streaming allows the execution of stream-enabled software on desktop or portable computing devices like PC, PDA, laptop, cellular phone, etc., even while the transmission/streaming from the server may still be in progress. In this paper, we present an efficient streaming system called Software On-Demand(SOD) streaming system to transmit stream-enabled applications in addition to automatic installation of program registry, environment variables, configuration files, and related components. In particular, we design and implement a SOD system in Linux to provide the user with the instant look-and-click software execution environment such that software download and installation are internally proceeded in a completely user-transparent way. Therefore, the SOD system relieves the user from the tricky, failure-prone installation business. In addition, the software developer now obtains a new, powerful means to advertise and propagate their software products since the user can use software packages via user-friendly UI window or web browser by look-and-click interactive operation. In the paper, we also make a couple of SOD streaming experiments using a spectrum of popular softwares. Based on the analysis of the experiment results, we also propose two performance improvement schemes.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.5
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• pp.663-672
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• 2002

In this paper, Using an automatic tracking system, behavior of an aquatic insect, Chironomus sp. (Chironomidae), was observed in semi-natural conditions in response to sub-lethal treament of a carbamate insecticide, carbofuran. The fourth instar larvae were placed in an observation cage $(6cm\times{7cm}\times{2.5cm)}$ at temperature of $18^\circ{C}$ and the light condition of 10 time (light) : 14 time (dark). The tracking system was devised to detect the instant, partial movement of the insect body. Individual movement was traced after the treatment of carbofuran (0.1ppm) for four days 2days : before treatment, 2 days : after treatment). Along with the other irregular behaviors, "ventilation activity", appearing as a shape of "compressed zig-zag", was more frequently observed after the treatment of the insecticide. The activity of the test individuals was also generally depressed after the chemical treatment. In order to detect behavioral changes of the treated specimens, wavelet analysis was implemented to characterize different movement patterns. The extracted parameters based on Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) were subsequently provided to artificial neural networks to be trained to represent different patterns of the movement tracks before and after treatments of the insecticide. This combined model of wavelets and artificial neural networks was able to point out the occurrence of characteristic movement patterns, and could be an alternative tool for automatically detecting presences of toxic chemicals for water quality monitoring. quality monitoring.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.235-239
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• 2005

The bone mineral density built in adolescence and college term is formed to the highest level between 25 years old and 35 years old and the formed bone mineral density is decreasing in the middle years and senescence. Decrease of the bone mineral density causes Osteopenia and an increase of dangerousness of a bone fracture which become social health problems. This research is to give guidance for the right living style by surveying the relation between the bone mineral density and college students' life. The result is like below. First of all, most objects of the research were insufficient of quantity of motion and the diet they have was consisted of instant food. It was far from the right living habit and exercise and the bone mineral density was also low. Second of all, male students showed more osteopenia than female students in this research and the smokers' bone mineral density was lower than nonsmokers, which proved that smoking in adolescence was related to the bone mineral density. Finally, the opportunistic eating and living style and the excessive diet and unequal caloric intake caused by the notion of preference for a slim person are considered to be the main reasons for the decrease of the bone mineral density.