• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2009

Purpose: To investigate the causes of failure on ACL reconstructions and evaluate the effectiveness of one stage revision ACL reconstructions. Materials and Methods: From November 2004 to July 2008, thirty three patients who had got revision ACL recontstructions after reruptures of ACL were evaluated. The causes of failure of ACL reruptures were 22 vertical femoral tunnels, 7 neglected PLRI, 3 severe traumas and 1 deep infection after ACL reconstruction. The femoral tunnels were aimed at the 10 or 2 o'clock position and the tibial tunnels were used with previous tunnels. Previous femoral screws from the improper femoral tunnels were removed and filled with the new allograft bones. Results: The average periods of follow up were 22.2 months (12~52 months). There was improvement on an average Lysholm knee score from $61.5{\pm}16.8$ to $86.3{\pm}11.5$, IKDC score from $63.9{\pm}15.1$ to $81.3{\pm}14.3$. Mean side to side difference was decreased from $6.0{\pm}2.2\;mm$ to $1.6{\pm}1.4\;mm$ using KT-2000 arthrometer. Conclusion: One stage revision ACL reconstruction can be a useful method with good clinical results.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the anterior vaginal wall sling in the management of women with stress urinary incontinence. Materials and Methods: From January 1998 to December 1999, 42 patients(31 with genuine stress urinary incontinence and 11 with mixed urinary incontinence, 38 with anatomical incontinence and 4 with intrinsic sphincteric deficiency) underwent anterior vaginal wall sling at Yeungnam University Hospital were studied retrospectively. The mean age was 49.3 years(ranging from 34 to 66 years of age) and the mean follow-up period was 29.4 months(ranging from 16 to 40 months). Intra- and postoperative complication. success rate and patient's satisfaction were evaluated. Results: The mean operation time was 79 minutes(ranging from 65 to 124 minutes) and the mean hospital stay was 5.1 days(ranging from 4 to 10 days). Mean postoperative Foley catheter drainage was 2.1 days(ranging from 1 to 5 days). As a complication. bladder perforation occurred in one patient(2.4%). residual urine sensation developed in seven patients(16.7%), and suprapubic pain was complained in five patients(11.9%), which improved gradually. Vaginal epithelial inclusion cyst occurred in one patient(2.4%) at postoperative 31 months. Four(9.4%) patients with de novo instability were improved by anticholinergics medication. The success rate was 92.9% and 38 patients(90.5%) were satisfied with this procedure. Conclusion: We consider that the anterior vaginal wall sling to be a safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, but a longer follow-up is necessary to determine long term effect.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.439-447
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• 2018

Background: Since open Wiltse approach allows limited visualization for foraminal stenosis leading to an incomplete decompression, we report the short-term clinical and radiological results of unilateral biportal endoscopic foraminal decompression using $0^{\circ}$ or $30^{\circ}$ endoscopy with better visualization. Methods: We examined 31 patients that underwent surgery for neurological symptoms due to lumbar foraminal stenosis which was refractory to 6 weeks of conservative treatment. All 31 patients underwent unilateral biportal endoscopic far-lateral decompression (UBEFLD). One portal was used for viewing purpose, and the other was for surgical instruments. Unilateral foraminotomy was performed under guidance of $0^{\circ}$ or $30^{\circ}$ endoscopy. Clinical outcomes were analyzed using the modified Macnab criteria, Oswestry disability index, and visual analogue scale. Plain radiographs obtained preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively were compared to analyze the intervertebral angle (IVA), dynamic IVA, percentage of slip, dynamic percentage of slip (gap between the percentage of slip on flexion and extension views), slip angle, disc height index (DHI), and foraminal height index (FHI). Results: The IVA significantly increased from $6.24^{\circ}{\pm}4.27^{\circ}$ to $6.96^{\circ}{\pm}3.58^{\circ}$ at 1 year postoperatively (p = 0.306). The dynamic IVA slightly decreased from $6.27^{\circ}{\pm}3.12^{\circ}$ to $6.04^{\circ}{\pm}2.41^{\circ}$, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.375). The percentage of slip was $3.41%{\pm}5.24%$ preoperatively and $6.01%{\pm}1.43%$ at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.227), showing no significant difference. The preoperative dynamic percentage of slip was $2.90%{\pm}3.37%$; at 1 year postoperatively, it was $3.13%{\pm}4.11%$ (p = 0.720), showing no significant difference. The DHI changed from $34.78%{\pm}9.54%$ preoperatively to $35.05%{\pm}8.83%$ postoperatively, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.837). In addition, the FHI slightly decreased from $55.15%{\pm}9.45%$ preoperatively to $54.56%{\pm}9.86%$ postoperatively, but the results were not statistically significant (p = 0.705). Conclusions: UBEFLD using endoscopy showed a satisfactory clinical outcome after 1-year follow-up and did not induce postoperative segmental spinal instability. It could be a feasible alternative to conventional open decompression or fusion surgery for lumbar foraminal stenosis.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.9-20
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• 2012

Eugenol is a volatile compound synthesized by eugenol synthase in various plants and belongs to phenylpropene compounds. However, characteristics of eugenol synthase in tomato has not been known. Therefore, we cloned a full length cDNA of a putative eugenol synthase from tomato 'Micro-Tom' using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique and named a clone SlEGS. Open reading frame of SlEGS was 921bp long and its deduced amino acid sequence was 307bp. The BLAST analysis indicated that SlEGS shared high similarity with PhEGS1 (67.1%) and CbEGS2 (69.4%). Amino acid composition of SlEGS was determined by CLC genomics workbench tool and 3D structure of SlEGS was constructed by homology modeling using Swiss-PDB viewer and validated using PROCHECK and ProSA-web tool. In addition, the physiochemical properties of SlEGS was evaluated using ExPASy's ProtParam tool. Molecular weight was 33.93kDa and isoelectric point was 5.85 showing acidic nature. Other properties such as extinction coefficient, instability index, aliphatic index, and grand average hydropathy was also analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.469-483
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• 2006

An algorithm was developed to estimate stability indices (SI) over the Korean peninsula using Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) infrared brightness temperatures (TBs). The SI is defined as the stability of the atmosphere in the hydrostatic equilibrium with respect to the vertical displacements and is used as an index for the potential severe storm development. Using atmosphere temperature and moisture profiles from Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) as initial guess data for a nonlinear physical relaxation method, K index (KI), KO Index (KO), lifted index (LI), and maximum buoyancy (MB) were estimated. A fast radiative transfer model, RTTOV-7, is utilized for reducing the computational burden related to the physical relaxation method. The estimated TBs from the radiative transfer simulation are in good agreement with observed MODIS TBs. To test usefulness for the short-term forecast of severe storms, the algorithm is applied to the rapidly developed convective storms. Compared with the SIs from the RDAPS forecasts and NASA products, the MODIS SI obtained in this research predicts the instability better over the pre-convection areas. Thus, it is expected that the nowcasting and short-term forecast can be improved by utilizing the algorithms developed in this study.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.146
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• pp.115-135
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• 2018

This article attempts to deal with the problem that science and technology function as a mechanism to oppress and exploit humans rather than to release humans from labor. To explore this subject, it is necessary to consider the difference between the theory of labor value and the theory of 'technology value'. In addition, it is also important to refer to Marx's critical view of the 'capitalist' use of technology. Above all, Marx' concepts of relative surplus value and special surplus value, and his analysis of organic composition of capital are still valid in explaining that development of technology tightens control over workers and intensity of labor, and worsens instability of employment. Reflection of the limitations of capitalist development of technology is also important for realization of its usefulness. Industry 4.0 in Germany therefore deserves to be noticed as a good example because it shows a different way from extreme capitalist exploitation. The model suggests also some points that shouldn't be overlooked, when we try to actualize the tremendous slogan of the current fourth industrial revolution as real innovation and progress in human life. In this matter, the most important point is the possibility of technological development that doesn't oppose workers' interests.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-140
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• 2016

This paper first extracts the main basis for the Middle-Income Trap(MIT) to apply these grounds to reality of the Chinese economy. And then confirmed crisis factors of China economy. Also discussed then the economic reforms of China in order to not fall into the MIT. After reviewing previous research extracted six factors the results will correspond to comply with the Chinese economy. Those are 'Over-investment', 'excess capacity' 'reduction of TFP continued,' 'disappearance and the aging of the population bonus', 'excessive debt and structural adjustment and financial instability of the company', 'income unequal expansion', 'low financial and information infrastructure accessibility', and 'low transparency index'. China's policy direction to avoid the MIT generally set properly, but proof that implementation process not easy, was appearing everywhere. After all, China economy should be modified now to a reforms of 'government failure' and promotion of function for ongoing restructuring system in the market. Because of the SDR incorporation from 2015, it is inevitable to face major constraints in the external aspects.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.697-706
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• 2019

A multiphase flow modeling approach equipped with a hybrid turbulence modeling method is applied to compute the gravity currents in a rectangular channel. The present multiphase solver considers the dense fluid, the less-dense ambient fluid and the air above free surface as three phases with separate flow equations for each phase. The turbulent effect is simulated by the IDDES (improved delayed detach eddy simulation), a hybrid RANS/LES, approach which resolves the turbulent flow away from the wall in the LES mode and models the near wall flow in RANS mode on moderately fine computational meshes. The numerical results show that the present model can successfully reproduce the gravity currents in terms of the propagation speed of the current heads and the emergence of large-scale Kelvin-Helmholtz type interfacial billows and their three dimensional break down into smaller turbulent structures, even on the relatively coarse mesh for wall-modeled RANS computation with low-Reynolds number turbulence model. The present solutions reveal that the modeling approach can capture the large-scale three dimensional behaviors of gravity current head accompanied by the lobe-and-cleft instability at affordable computational resources, which is comparable to the LES results obtained on much fine meshes. It demonstrates that the multiphase modeling method using the hybrid turbulence model can be a promising engineering solver for predicting the physical behaviors of gravity currents in natural environmental configurations.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2020

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the fiber fuse in single-mode 2-kW-class high-power fiber amplifiers, depending on the cooling method at the splicing point. We measured the temperature of the splicing point between the pump-signal combiner and gain fiber as a function of laser output power. The temperature of the splicing point increased from 20 to 32℃ with a slope of 0.01℃/W, up to 1.2 kW of laser output power. At higher powers the temperature of the splicing point increased dramatically, with a slope of 0.08℃/W. After that, the fiber amplifier was destroyed during operation at 1.96 kW of output power by fiber fuse. The bullet shape, a common feature of fiber fuse, was observed in the damaged passive fiber core of the pump-signal combiner. Later, we adopted an improved water-cooled cold plate to increase the cooling efficiency at the splicing point, and investigated the laser output power. The temperature at the splicing point was 35.8℃ with a temperature-rise slope of 0.007℃/W at the maximum output power of 2.05 kW. The beam quality M² was measured to be less than 1.3, and the output beam's profile was a stable Gaussian shape. Finally, neither fiber fuse nor mode instability was observed in the fiber amplifier at the maximum output power of 2.05 kW.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2021

Parkinson's disease is one of the typical neurodegenerative disease and it is caused by the destruction of substantia nigra in brain leading to lack of dopamine secretion, and it presents 4 major motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, stiffness, postural instability. Furthermore, it causes many non-motor symptoms such as anosmia, REM sleep conduct disorder, orthostatic hypotension, dementia and autonomic ataxia such as lack of adjusting blood pressure, hyperhydrosis, constipation. Dopaminergic therapy is the most commonly used strategy, but long term treatment of levodopa induce various adverse effects. Thus, many people are focusing on new therapies other than established therapies, and there are many tries and approaches with paradigm shift. Our medical team was able to get 4 cases of PD patients who are hospitalized in our hospital, treated by Whole Body Gi-Hyeol Therapy consisting of acupuncture therapy, herbal therapy, and mental therapy, and their conditions improved in perspective of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), Heart Rate Variability(HRV), and Quality of life. Among all 4 cases, UPDRS score and quality of life score is gotton better, and among 2 cases SDNN, RMS-SD, TP, LF, HF scores are finely increased. And PDQ-39 score which shows quality of life is also improved. However, in spite of these improvements and positive results, there were no meaningful improvement in a hurt from a fall which is important to the aged, muscular atrophy which causes bone fracture and SMI(Skeletal Muscle Mass Index) which is indicator of osteoporosis. Thus, supplementary treatment about Whole Body Gi-Hyeol Therapy such as more active nutrition intervention, safe and effective kinesitherapy is needed, and from now on continuous case reports and systematic clinical research which has control group must be carried out.