• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 2007

This study was to determine whether canine model which produce acute permanent joint instability in short period without postoperative exercise have a degenerative changes and also evaluated its suitability as an appropriate animal OA models. Ten skeletally mature beagle dogs underwent a unilateral surgical transection of the cranial cruciate ligament and, the medial collateral ligament as well as a medial meniscectomy. The contra-lateral joint was used as control. After 12 weeks, After 12 weeks, the amount of joint damage, inflammation and biochemical change of synovial fluid was evaluated. Histological analysis showed chondrocyte clone formation, hypertrophy of the cartilage and moderate loss of proteoglycans in the experimental joints compared to control joints. In addition, the synovial inflammation in the experimental joints was observed. Biochemical analysis of SF showed significantly increased MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) -2 and -9 in experimental joints compared to control joints. This canine OA model shows the characteristics of degenerative joint disease, and may have a advantages of reducing the time and cost because postoperative exercise is not needed in this OA model.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.519-522
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• 2014

A 2-year-old, 2 kg Maltese dog was evaluated for progressive tetraparesis and neck pain. The dog had been treated with steroids for the preceding 2 weeks after unknown trauma but was deteriorating progressively and had become tetraparetic. The dog was presented with a non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Radiographic and computed tomographic examinations revealed a transverse C2 fracture with subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint and C2-C3. In addition, hydrocephalus was observed on magnetic resonance imaging. Stabilization of C1-C3 using screws, wires, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was performed. Application of ventral screws, wires, and PMMA resulted in improvement of the clinical signs after 4 weeks, and the dog could walk as before the tetraparesis 6 weeks after the operation. This stabilization method is an effective surgical treatment for management of cervical instability.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.523-526
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• 2014

Three dogs were admitted for repair of bone fracture. Case 1 (Maltese, 1.8 kg, intact female, 5-month-old) and case 2 (poodle, 3.0 kg, intact female, 6-month-old) had non-weight bearing lameness in the left pelvic limb, and case 3 (mixed, 3.3 kg, intact female, age unknown) had non-weight-bearing lameness in the left thoracic limb. On orthopedic examination, there was pain, crepitus, palpable instability and substantial soft tissue swelling on the affected side. No neurological deficits were identified. Radiographs revealed left proximal metaphyseal tibial and fibular fractures in cases 1 and 2, and left proximal metaphyseal radial and ulnar fractures in case 3. All cases had closed long-bone fractures with short juxta-articular fracture segments. Under fluoroscopic guidance, proper placement of the ring fixation elements was confirmed during surgery. Two or three rings were used to stabilize fractures with traditional circular external skeletal fixators (CESF). Postoperative radiographs showed acceptable alignment and apposition of the previously identified fracture. Time to radiographic union ranged from 5 to 14 weeks and there were no signs of implant failure or pin tract infection. Functional outcomes were excellent in all cases. CESF can be successfully used to reduce short juxta-articular fractures in which bone plates or external skeletal fixation cannot be applied.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2010

This study is to consider applicability of spiral bolt strain gauge as an instrument measuring behavior of soft ground foundation and rock slope. When the instrument was installed on the ground, it can be useful to identify the state of ground behavior because it has the characteristics of flexibility, as well as to apply the ground reinforcement because it has higher pull-out resistance to the ground. From the measurement of behavior to soft ground foundation, the strain shows a stable state in the beginning, then was observed significant change in the upper and the middle of spiral bolt strain gauge after 400 days. This is analyzed that ground loosening, which is due to occurred frequent earthquake of magnitude 1~2 with increased rainfall, lead to the instability of the ground. From the measurement of behavior to rock slope, the strain shows a stable state with very little change in a period of 0~50 days and the biggest strain at 4.2 m (P6) in a period of 50~100 days, then other places except P6 was maintained at a stable state in a period of 100~160 days. The reason is analyzed because that blasting for excavated limestone surrounding was affected to the largest at P6. However, based on the size of strain change by behavior of the soft ground foundation and rock slope, it is considered that the present condition are not effected on stability of retaining structure and rock slope. In conclusion, the proposed spiral bolt strain gauge can be useful to measure behavior of soft ground foundation and rock slope, and also to be measured behavior as well as reinforcement of the target ground.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.273-281
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• 2013

The purpose of this research was to investigate the production and characterization of alkaline protease from Micrococcus sp. PS-1 newly isolated from seawater. Micrococcus sp. PS-1 was grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. Its optimal temperature and pH for growth were $30^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively. The effect of nitrogen sources was investigated on optimal enzyme production. A high level of alkaline protease production occurred in LB broth containing 2% skimmed milk. The protease was purified in a 3-step procedure involving ultrafiltration, acetone precipitation, and dialysis. The procedure yielded a 16.43-purification fold, with a yield of 54.25%. SDS-PAGE showed that the enzyme had molecular weights of 35.0 and 37.5 kDa. Its maximum protease activity was exhibited at pH 9.0 and $37^{\circ}C$, and its activity was stable at pH 8.0-11.0 and $25-37^{\circ}C$. The protease activity was strongly inhibited by PMSF, EDTA, and EGTA. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the protease enzyme from Micrococcus sp. PS-1 probably belongs to a subclass of alkaline metallo-serine proteases.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.22-37
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• 2007

The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases, clinically and genetically heterogeneous, characterized by degeneration of spinocerebellar pathways with variable involvement of other neural systems. At present, 27 distinct genetic forms of SCAs are known: SCA1-8, SCA10-21, SCA23, SCA25-28, DRPLA (dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy), and 16q-liked ADCA (autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia). Epidemiological data about the prevalence of SCAs are restricted to a few studies of isolated geographical regions, and most do not reflect the real occurrence of the disease. In general a prevalence of about 0.3-2 cases per 100,000 people is assumed. As SCA are highly heterogeneous, the prevalence of specific subtypes varies between different ethnic and continental populations. Most recent data suggest that SCA3 is the commonest subtype worldwide; SCA1, SCA2, SCA6, SCA7, and SCA8 have a prevalence of over 2%, and the remaining SCAs are thought to be rare (prevalence <1%). In this review, we highlight and discuss the SCA7. The hallmark of SCA7 is the association of hereditary ataxia and visual loss caused by pigmentary macular degeneration. Visual failure is progressive, bilateral and symmetrical, and leads irreversibly to blindness. This association represents a distinct disease entity classified as autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) type II by Harding. The disease affectsprimarily the cerebellum and the retina by the moderate to severe neuronal loss and gliosis, but also many other central nervous system structures as the disease progresses. SCA7 is caused by expansion of an unstable trinucleotide CAG repeat in the ATXN7 gene encoding a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the corresponding protein, ataxin-7. Normal ATXN7 alleles contain 4-35 CAG repeats, whereas pathological alleles contain from 36->450 CAG repeats. Immunoblott analysis demonstrated that ataxin-7 is widely expressed but that expression levels vary among tissues. Instability of expanded repeats is more pronounced in SCA7 than in other SCA subtypes and can cause substantial lowering of age at onset in successive generations termed ‘anticipation’ so that children may become diseased even before their parents develop symptoms. The strong anticipation in SCA7 and the rarity of contractions should have led to its extinction within a few generations. There is no specific drug therapy for this neurodegenerative disorder. Currently, therapy remains purely symptomatic. Cellular models and SCA7 transgenic mice have been generated which constitute valuable resources for studying the disease mechanism. Understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegeneration in SCAs should lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets and ultimately facilitate drug discovery. Here we summarize the clinical, pathological, and genetic aspects of SCA7, and review the current understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder. Further, we also review the potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being explored in polyglutamine diseases.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.80-83
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• 2007

A 36-year-old pregnant woman was referred for amniocentesis at 19.5 weeks gestation because of advanced maternal age and evidence of increased risk for Edward syndrome in the maternal serum screening test. Cytogenetic analysis of the cultured amniotic fluid cells revealed mosaicism for ring chromosome 11: 46,XX,r(11)[65]/ 45,XX,-11[16]/ 46,XX [34]. Parental karyotypes were normal. A targeted ultrasound showed intrauterine grow th restriction (IUGR). Cordocentesis was performed to characterize the ring chromosome and to rule out tissue specific mosaicism. Karyotype was confirmed as 46,XX,r(11) (p15.5q24.2)[229]/45,XX,-11[15]. And a few new form of ring w ere detected in this culture. The deletion of subtelomeric regions in the ring chromosome were detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The pregnancy was terminated. The fetal autopsy showed a growth-retarded female fetus with rocker bottom feet. We report a case of prenatally detected a de novo ring chromosome 11.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 1995

The author carried out an experiment to find out the response of Black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii [Bleeker] to the color lights. The experimental tank ($360L{\times}50W{\times}55H$cm) was set up in a dark room. Six longitudinal sections with 60cm intervals are marked in the tank to observe the location of the fish. Water depth in the tank was kept 50cm level. Light bulbs of 20 W at the both ends of the tank projected the light horizontally into the tank. Two different colored filters were selected from four colors of red, blue, yellow, and white, and they were placed in front of the light bulbs to make different colors of light. Light intensity was controlled by use of auxiliary filters intercepted between the bulb and the filter. The fishes were acclimatized in the dark for 50 minutes before they were employed in the experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times in 30 second intervals, and the mean of the number of fish in each section was given as the gathering rate of the fish. The colors favourited by the fish was found in order of blue, yellow, white and red in the day-time and blue, red, yellow and white at night. The difference of the average distribution on two different colors of light was 7.18%(0.35-19.55%), and the difference in the daytime(8.20%) was larger than at night (6.15%). The gathering rate of fish on illumination period didn't show the regular trend of increase and decrease, and was fluctuated with instability. The difference of the gathering rate on two different colors of light wasn't distinct, and the difference in the daytime was larger than at night.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.171-179
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• 2009

This paper explores the current situation of the broadcasting program production by video journalists (VJs), one of the recent trends of broadcasting production, centering around the programs made in Daejeon. The result of the survey shows that VJ programs are considered to be one of the generalized broadcasting program production systems. Thus, production costs should be γeadjusted to a realistic level in order to secure the good quality VJ programs in the current situation. Local broadcasting stations should depart from the idea that they make a VJ program subcontract to produce programs at low cost. It is time to support good quality VJ programs financially and systematically. The survey also reveals that most video journalists cannot participate in the decision-making process regarding program production. Local broadcastings should cooperate with video journalists, as co-producers, in producing the programs. Besides, VJ programs have some disadvantages such as limitation of high definition image production, poor image quality, instability of images taken, etc Hence, video journalists should also try to make better image quality of their broadcasting programs. Local subcontractors should make efforts to overcome their poor manpower and production environments as well. By economizing their scale of production and updating their production equipment, subcontractors need to constantly develop the contents related to local community which make them more competitive.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2000

Purpose : To compare the mid term with long term follow up results of the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)> reconstruction using patellar tendon. Materials and Methods : Seventy-six cases, which could be followed up more than 2 years were included in this study. They were classified into two groups, mid-term group(41 cases) with mean follow-up periods of 2 years and 10 months and long-term group(35 cases) off years and 6 months. Clinical and radiological results and peripatellar complications were evaluated & compared. Results . There was no statistically significant difference in radiological finding and anterior instability between two groups. However, the incidence of anterior knee pain, paresthesia at incision site, kneeling pain, crepitus and quadriceps weakness was lower in long-term group than in mid-term group. Conclusion : ACL reconstruction using patellar tendon graft could successfully restone the stability of knee joint, but there are some complications in donor site and patellofemoral joint. However this complications were gradually decreased with long term follow-up.