• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.287-291
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the influence of inspiratory muscle exercise using visual biofeedback and inspiratory muscle exercise with diaphragm breathing retraining in stroke patients in regard to inspiratory muscle activity and respiratory function and to provide fundamental information on intervention for improvement of pulmonary function in stroke patients. Methods: The current study measured and analyzed inspiratory muscle activity and pulmonary function of 15 randomly selected subjects in a Biofeedback inspiratory muscle exercise (BIE) group that uses visual feedback and 15 subjects in the Diaphragm breathing exercise (DBE) group that uses breathing retraining before and after intervention. Intervention was performed for 30 minutes, 5 times a week, for 8 weeks. Subjects were measured for muscle activity of upper trapezius muscle and lattisimus dorsi muscle using a surface electromyography system and maximum inspiratory pressure was measured using a respiratory measurement device. For homogeneity test of subjects, independent t-test was performed and ANCOVA was performed for comparison of inspiratory muscle activity and pulmonary function between groups. Results: In the study results, the BIE group showed more significant muscle activity than the DBE group in upper trapezius muscle and lattisimus dorsi muscle (p<0.001). In addition, the BIE group showed more pressure than the DBE group in maximum inspiratory pressure (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the current study, performing biofeedback respiration exercise simultaneously with breathing retraining in stroke patients can provide more efficient respiratory physical therapy. In addition, it is considered that consistent study on the effectiveness is necessary to further improve clinical availability.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2019

Purpose : This study aims to investigate the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle activity of the inspiratory primary and accessory muscle during breathing exercise with different air hole diameters of the inspiratory muscle trainer (IMT). Methods : The Borg's scale and surface electromyography (EMG) was used to collect data of the RPE and muscle activity of the inspiratory primary the external intercostal (EI) and diaphragm (DIA) and accessory muscles anterior scalene (AS), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), pectoralis major (PM), and upper trapezius (UT) muscles during breathing exercise with different air hole diameters (6 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm) of the IMT in healthy young male subjects. Results : The RPE and muscle activities of the AS, SCM, and UT are increased significantly in accordance to the decreasing diameter of air hole of air tip in IMT. However, there are no differences in the muscle activities of the PM, EI, and DIA based on differences of diameters of air hole of air tip in IMT. Conclusion : The smaller the diametr of IMT air-hole, RPE and muscle activities of AS, SCM and UT were increased. Therefore, further study would be necessary to investigate the proper intensity and relaxation posture for the exercise protocol to strengthen the inspiratory primary muscles.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2021

Purpose : This study applies inspiratory muscle resistance exercise with aerobic exercise to smokers and nonsmokers and then determines whether subjects' breathing functions (FVC, FEV1) are increased and how much effect smoking has on the difference in the increase of breathing functions between the two groups. Methods : For this experiment, 26 male adults were selected and randomly allocated to the smoker group (n=13) and nonsmoker group (n=13). The smokers and nonsmokers performed the inspiratory muscle resistance exercise with aerobic exercise three times a week for four weeks. Regarding the breathing functions, the forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured three times: week 0, week 2, and week 4. The aerobic exercise was performed using a stationary bicycle with 8 difficulty levels. The inspiratory muscle resistance exercise was performed using Power Breathe with 10 resistance levels. Results : The study found that the FVC and FEV1 values of the smoker group decreased slightly after four weeks of inspiratory muscle resistance exercise with aerobic exercise. In other words, the difference was not statistically significant. In contrast, the FVC and FEV1 values of the nonsmoker group increased by a statistically significant amount. In addition, the intergroup comparison of the average increases in FVC and FEV1 values showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion : The results of this study show that when inspiratory muscle resistance exercise with aerobic exercise was performed, the increase in the breathing functions of nonsmokers was higher than that of smokers. This confirms that, within the parameters of the study, smoking had a negative effect on the increase of breathing functions. This suggests that quitting smoking must be considered as an essential factor when applying a breathing physiotherapy or a breathing function improvement program in clinical settings

• 운동과학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2012

흡기근 훈련을 동반한 유산소운동이 흡기근력, 폐기능, 최대산소섭취량(maximal oxygen uptake; VO₂max)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 연구하였다. 24명의 건강한 대학생이 3 그룹으로 나뉘어 6주간의 실험에 참여하였다. 대상자들은 호흡근육훈련(RTG; n=8), 유산소성달리기훈련(REG; n=8), 호흡근육 및 달리기훈련(BTG; n=8) 그룹으로 나뉘었다. 실험전과 후 폐기능, 최대흡기압력(maximal inspiratory pressure; PImax), VO₂max가 평가되었다. RTG는 실험기간 동안 흡기근육훈련(inspiratory muscle training; IMT) 프로그램에 참여하였으며, PImax 의 50 % 강도로, 하루 2회, 주당 4일, 회당 30회 훈련하였다. REG는 개인별 VO₂max의 70-75 % 강도로, 하루 1회, 주당 4회, 회당 30분 달리기 훈련을 하였다. BTG는 같은 기간 동안 IMT와 달리기훈련 모두에 참여하였다. 실험기간 중 대상자들의 체격변인과 폐기능 변인은 변하지 않았다. VO₂max는 RTG, REG, BTG에서 각각 6.1±3.3 %, 5.9±6.6 %, 10.0±8.3 % 증가하였고(p< .05), PImax 또한 RTG, REG, BTG에서 각각 21.7±14.3 %, 19.7±12.0 %, 27.0±12.1 % 증가하였으나(p< .05), 그룹 간의 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로, 모든 그룹에서 향상이 관찰되었으며, 흡기근 훈련과 유산소운동을 동반한 그룹에서 VO₂max와 PImax의 가장 큰 향상을 보였다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2021

Purpose : It was to compare changes in respiratory function (pulmonary function, inspiratory function) after four weeks of inspiratory muscle strengthening training (diaphragmatic breathing with upper arm exercise, Power-Breathe breathing) for 36 healthy people. Methods : Subjects were randomly assigned to diaphragmatic breathing with upper arm exercise (Group I) and Power-breathe breathing (Group II) was conducted by the protocol for four weeks five times per week. As the main measurement method for comparison between groups For pulmonary function, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume at One second (FEV1) were used, and for inspiratory function, Maximum Inspiratory Capacity (MIC), Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), and Maximum Inspiratory Flow Rate (MIFR) were used. Results : In changes in pulmonary function between groups, FVC and FEV₁ showed no significant difference, and in inspiratory function changes, MIC showed no significant difference, but in MIP and MIFR, Group B significantly improved over Group A. Conclusion : The progressive resistance training using the Power-breath device applied to the inspiratory muscle did not show a significant difference in the increase in the amount of air in the lungs and chest cage compared to the diaphragmatic breathing training accompanied by the upper arm exercise. However, by increasing the air inflow rate and pressure, it showed a more excellent effect on improving respiratory function.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of a kinesio tape on inspiratory muscle training(IMT) to improve muscle strength, endurance and pulmonary function. Methods: Healthy 20 males were divided into IMT group (control group) and IMT with tape group (experimental group). The same IMT program was applied to both groups using the Respifit S for four weeks, three times a week, a total 12 times. To exprimental group, kinesio tape was applied on the inspiratory agonist diaphragm and the accessory inspiratory muscle scalene, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor. The inspiratory pulmonary muscle strength was measured by the maximal inspiratory pressure (PI max) and minute volume (MV) using the Respifit S and the pulmonary function were measured peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1sec (FEV1), FEV1/FVC using the Spirometer and compared before and after. Results: Results showed that the PI max in the two groups increased significantly and experimental group increased more effectively than that of control group. However, only MV showed a significant increase in experimental group but was not significantly different between the two groups. PEF and FEV1/FVC are significantly increased in both groups, but they did not make much difference between two groups, and the FVC for the two groups did not increase significantly. FEV1 increased significantly only with control group, but did not make a difference with experimental group. Conclusion: These result show that the PI max value for experimental group increased significantly than that of control group. Therefore kinesio tape maximizes inspiratory muscle exercise effect on muscle strength improvement. However, because of the short experimental period and difficulty in subject control, increase values of the others did not show a significant difference. In other words, kinesio tape did not show maximizing the inspiratory muscle exercise effect to improve endurance and pulmonary function.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.795-801
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to find out an inspiratory muscles training program's therapeutic effects on stroke patients' respiratory function. For the purpose, this study targeted 20 stroke patients being hospitalized in K hospital in Daegu, and diveded the patients into the both groups of Inspiratory muscle training(IMT) group and control group, randomization. The 10 patients in the IMT group was applied the inspiratory muscles training. The control group was composed of other 10 patients. IMT group was given a inspiratory muscle training program for 30 minutes per times, 5 times a week for 6 weeks. The investigator measured the patients' respiratory function compared changes in the function and ability before and after the IMT. The results of this study are as follows. Investigating the inspiratory muscle training group's lung functions, there appeared some significant differences in the tests the FVC(Forced vital capacity), FEV1(Forced expired volume in one second) before and after the training(p<.05), but the control group had no significant in the same tests before and after(p<.05). The differences in the both groups after depending the inspiratory muscles training were significantly found in the tests of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC(p<.05). The maximum inspiratory pressure showed some significant differences in the inspiratory muscle training group(p<.05), but didn't show any significant difference in the control group(p>.05). Conclusionally, it will be judged that the inspiratory muscles training program will improve stroke patients' respiratory function, and it is considered that will move up stroke patients' gait and body function.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of abdominal muscle strengthening exercise on abdominal muscle strength and respiratory function in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects were 14 stroke patients (10 males, 4 females) hospitalized at W rehabilitation hospital in Busan City and randomly assigned to 7 exercise groups and 7 control groups. Exercise was performed in combination with an upper and lower extremity pattern of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Measurements of abdominal muscle strength and respiratory function were made before intervention and 4 weeks after intervention. Abdominal muscle strength was assessed using a digital manual dynamometer, and respiratory function was assessed by spirometry. The collected data were analyzed with a paired t-test and independent t-test and the significance level was set as α =.05. Results : The results showed that applying abdominal muscle strengthening exercise to stroke patients showed a significant increase in abdominal muscle strength and a significant difference between groups (p<.05). Maximal-effort expiratory spirogram (MES) readings were significantly increased in forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), in the exercise group, and there were a significant differences between the groups in terms of FEV1 (p<.05). Slow vital capacity (SVC) was significantly increased in vital capacity (VC), tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), and expiratory capacity (EC), and there were significant differences between the groups in VC, TV, expiratory reserve volume (ERV), EC, and inspiratory capacity (IC) (p<.05). Conclusion : Abdominal muscle strengthening exercise was effective in the abdominal muscle strength of stroke patients, and it was confirmed to have a positive effect on the enhancement of respiratory function. Therefore, it seems that exercise programs for stroke patients with respiratory weakness should include abdominal muscle strengthening exercises.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1986

내과외래를 내방한 만성폐쇄성 호흡기질환환자를 대상으로 호흡근육훈련이 호흡근육에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해서 자료수집을 하였다. 근력+지구력훈련과 근력훈련을 각각 두군에게 6-주 동안 실시하였다. 근력훈련은 DHD Medical Products사 제품의 흡기근육훈련도구로 매일 30분씩 대상자의 가정에서 실시하였고, 근지구력훈련은 일정한 기온이 유지되는 서울대학교병원복도를 12분 동안 걷게하는 운동을 주 2회 시행하였다. 이 훈련들의 효과를 평가하기 위하여 매주 최대흡기력(PImax), 참을 수 있는 흡기력(SIP), 최대환기량(MW) 및 기관지염-폐기종 증상 체크목록(BESC)과 환자의 건강상태와 계속 훈련여부를 결정하기 위해서 폐기능 검사와 vital signs을 매주 검사하였다. 그리하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 근력＋근지구력훈련군은 훈련전에 비해서 훈련후에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 근력훈련군은 SIP가 증가되고 BESC는 감소되었으며 , 두 군간의 비교에서는 BESC에서 훈련후에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 호흡근육훈련은 가정에서 간단하게 시행할 수 있는 근력훈련이 근력＋근지구력훈련보다 효과가 좋았다. 그러나 측정도구들의 타당도 신뢰도의 평가, 더 많은 수의 연구대상자, 더 효과적인 근지구력훈련의 개발에 관한 연구가 이루어져야겠다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2024

Purpose : People who have suffered from COVID-19 suffer from decreased pulmonary function and various side effects. This study aims to present three respiratory exercise intervention methods to improve pulmonary function in COVID-19 survivors. Therefore, the purpose of this study will investigate the effects of breathing exercise interventions (aerobic exercise, diaphragm breathe exercise, and inspiratory muscle training on resistance) on pulmonary function in COVID-19 survivors. Methods : The subjects who participated in this study were 35 male and female college students confirmed with COVID-19. All subjects were randomly assigned to A, D, and I groups according to breathing exercise intervention method. Groups A, D, and I each performed aerobic exercise, diaphragm breathing exercise, and inspiratory muscle training on resistance, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Pulmonary function was measured using a spirometer, and FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV₁ (forced expiratory volume in one second), FEV₁/FVC % (forced expiratory volume in one second / forced vital capacity ratio), and PEF (peak expiratory flow) were measured at 0, 3, and 6 weeks. Data analysis was compared by repeated measures analysis of variance, and post hoc tests for time were compared and analyzed using paired t-tests. Results : In the results of this study, FVC values showed statistically significant improvement in all groups. FEV₁ values also showed statistically significant improvement in all groups. And the FEV₁/FVC % value also showed statistically significant improvement in all groups. And the PEF values also showed statistically significant improvement in all groups. Conclusion : The results of this study reported that aerobic exercise, diaphragm breathing exercise, and resistance inspiratory muscle training were all effective in improving pulmonary function in COVID-19 survivors. Therefore, application of the three breathing exercise intervention methods presented in this study will help improve pulmonary function in COVID-19 survivors.