• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 1991

Molecular association of glucose transporters with the other proteins in the plasma membrane was assessed by gel electrophoresis and immunoblot techniques. Approximately $31.5{\pm}5.1%$ of GLUT-4, $64.8{\pm}2.7%$ of clathrin, 48.7% of total protein in the plasma membrane (PM) were found insoluble upon extraction with 1% Tx-100. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the Tx-100 insoluble PM fraction contained about 4 major polypeptides with apparent molecular weight of above 200, 100-120, 80 and 30-35 KDa that were readily removed upon wash with a high pH buffer which is known to remove clathrin and 0.5 M Tris-buffer which is known to remove assembly proteins (AP). Immunoblotting of GLUT4 and clathrin against specific antibodies showed that GLUT-4 and clathrin were co-solubilized up to 84.6% and 82.7% respectively by wash with a high pH buffer and 1% Tx-100. When the membrane was pre-washed with a high pH buffer and 0.5 M Tris solution, GLUT4 and clathrin were not solubilized further suggesting that GLUT4 molecules are in molecular association with clathrin, AP and/or other extrinsic membrane proteins in plasma membrane and the formation of clathrin-coated structures might be involved in insulin stimulated glucose transporter translocation mechanism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1599-1603
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• 2008

Sodium is involved in elevation of oxalate content in some plant species and this element is abundant in saline soils. Oxalate causes precipitation of insoluble calcium oxalate in the rumen and kidneys. The intention of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil salinity stress on dry matter yield and oxalate content in pot-grown napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach). Plants were cut three times at 56, 118 and 179 d after transplanting to the pots. Five salinity treatments were used containing various concentrations of NaCl solution as follows: 0, 100, 300, 600 and 900 mM. At 28, 42, 84, 98, 146 and 160 d after transplanting, plants were irrigated with one liter of the particular treatment for each application. Dry matter yield of napiergrass was not affected (p>0.05) by salinity treatments. Plants treated with 100 mM NaCl exhibited a higher soluble oxalate content compared to other treatments, but the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Although salinity treatments had significant (p<0.05) effects on insoluble and total oxalate contents in plant tissue between the 100 and 900 mM NaCl treatments, the differences were too small to be considered biologically important. The present study indicates that where the soil is high in NaCl, napiergrass will tend to grow well and be low in oxalate.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2016

Objectives : Mori Ramulus is a young branch of Morus alba Linne, which has been used as traditional medicines for antidiarrhea, antibacteria, and antihypertension in Korea. With the basis on these medicinal activities, it is registered at the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia. The standard for quality control in use, however, is not yet validated.Methods : We experiment on heavy metals test, TLC, loss on drying, ash, acid-insoluble ash, contents of ethanolsoluble extracts and contents of oxyresveratrol by using the 15 samples of Mori Ramulus which are collected domestically. We tested items according to the General Test, processes and apparatus, Crude Drugs Test of KP(2011).Results : Purity test(Heavy metals) showed contents for Pb, As, Hg, and Cd range of 0.1~1.1 ppm, 0.0~0.2 ppm, 0.00~0.01 ppm, and 0.00~0.02 ppm. Identification test(Thin layer chromatography) was on comparing with morucine standard solution in R_f value, all samples showed morucine spot (dark blue, R_f : 0.3) as same as R_f value of morucine-standard solution. Loss on drying was ranged from 5.1 to 8.9 %, ash and acid-insoluble ash were between the range 3.0~6.3% and 0.3~0.8%. Contents of ethanol-soluble extracts was ranged from 6.2 to 12.0%. Content of oxyresveratrol was ranged from 0.01 to 0.16 % based on the oxyresveratrol standard curve.Conclusions : We sincerely hope that this study will be contributed to the standardization and quality control of Korean herbal medicines.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.223-240
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• 2016

In this study, poly(vinyl-alcohol) and water insoluble ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin polymer (${\beta}$-CDP) cross-linked with citric acid, have been used as macrocyclic carrier in the preparation of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) for aniline (as molecule model) extraction from aqueous media. The obtained membranes were firstly characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and water swelling test. The transport of aniline was studied in a two-compartment transport cell under various experimental conditions, such as carrier content in the membranes, stirring rate and initial aniline concentration. The kinetic study was performed and the kinetic parameters were calculated as rate constant (k), permeability coefficient (P) and flux (J). These first results demonstrated the utility of such polymeric membranes for environmental decontamination of toxic organic molecules like aniline. Predictive modeling of transport flux through these materials was then studied using design of experiments; the design chosen was a two level full factorial design $2^k$. An empirical correlation between aniline transport flux and independent variables (Poly ${\beta}$-CD membrane content, agitation speed and initial aniline concentration) was successfully obtained. Statistical analysis showed that initial aniline concentration of the solution was the most important parameter in the study domain. The model revealed the existence of a strong interaction between the Poly ${\beta}$-CD membrane content and the stirring speed of the source solution. The good agreement between the model and the experimental transport data confirms the model's validity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1640-1644
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• 2011

Water-soluble mutant of intrinsically insoluble protein, crambin, was produced by mutagenesis based on the sequence analysis with homologous proteins. Thr1, Phe13, and Lys33 of crambin were substituted for Lys, Tyr, and Lys, respectively. The resultant mutant was soluble in aqueous buffer as well as in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelle solution. The $^1H-^{15}N$ spectrum of the mutant crambin showed spectral similarity to that of the wild-type protein except for local regions proximal to the sites of mutation. Solution structure of water-soluble mutant crambin was determined in aqueous buffer by NMR spectroscopy. The structure was almost identical to the wild-type structure determined in non-aqueous solvent. Subtle difference in structure was very local and related to the change of the intra- and inter-protein hydrophobic interaction of crambin. The structural details for the enhanced solubility of crambin in aqueous solvent by the mutation were provided and discussed.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.201-204
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• 2004

Immobilization is seen as a promising technology for lead remediation. In a laboratory experiment, immobilization of lead with soluble P was tested as a function of reaction time and P concentration. The P treated with an acidic solution to enhance heavy metal immobilization was worked into the soil, and within 7 days, lead was stabilized. Different molar ratios of soluble phosphates (super-phosphate and KH$_2$PO$_4$) would be considerably effective to accelerate the formation of highly insoluble minerals due to the lack of leachable Pb in the contaminated soil. Although it was demonstrated that the addition of soluble phosphates with an acidic solution significantly reduced available lead in soil up to over 95%, remaining phosphorus in soil matrix might cause a possible groundwater eutrophication in the near future.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제2권
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• pp.9-14
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• 1961

The formation of sulfide from sulfate has been discussed from the thermodynamic principles. No mechanism of the reaction has been presented. From the stoichiometric and Nernst equations for the conversion of sulfate into sulfide, it was concluded that the formation of sulfide from sulfate can take place more readily if pH of a medium is low. The difficulty of this conversion increases with increasing pH. As pH of a medium increases, the degree of dissociation of H₂S into S= increases and this, in turn, renders the chance of precipitation of sulfide as FeS easier. Higher the pH of a soil or medium, greater is the S= concentration. The concentration of ferrous ion required to remove dissolved sulfide in a medium by forming insoluble FeS decreases with increasing pH. From the theory it was pointed out that an application of lime and iron rich foreign substances to a soil may be effective in causing the removal of dissolved sulfide from solution.

• 복식문화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 복식문화학회 2003년도 International Exhibition and Workshop
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• pp.24-25
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• 2003

Water-soluble chitosan and water-insoluble chitosan with molecular weight of 2,000,000, 500,000, 80,000, and 40,000 and more than 90% degree of deacetylation were controlled to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chitosan against a pathogenic bacteria, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), which is being issued in the world. The Shake Flask Method and Modified Shake Flask Method were used to find out the antibacterial activities of 5types of chitosan/acetic acid solution, and the other antibacterial activities test with the cotton filter treated with chitosan /acetic acid solution. Those test methods showed the great differences ,but the results of the antibacterial activites showed the same difference.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.611-618
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• 1991

In the present study adding hydroxypropyl celluose as dispersant to the ethanol solution of Zr-butoxide prior to starting the hydrolysis reaction, spherical and submicrometer sized hydrated zirconia powders were synthesized successfully. But syntesized hydrated zirconia powders were soluble considerably in ethanol used as washing medium. Washing once the powder with plenty amount of water after washing thrice it with acetone, reaction mother solution remained between the particles was effectively removed and the particles were converted to insoluble state to ethanol at the same time. As a result of such washing processes it was able to prevent the formation of polydispersed, agglomerated and multiplet particles almost always even when such concentrated solutions of Zr-n-butoxide as 0.5 M were hydrolyzed.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1993

Iron component in wasted hydrochloric etching solutions from steel works were recovered by electrolysis. The electric conductances of the solutions, as the function of the bath temperature and the ferrousion concen-tration, were measured and the result of the original solution was K=(0.0012+0.0005$\times$10-3T-0.1160$\times$10-6T2)$\times$102S.m-1(T in $^{\circ}C$) The current efficiency was better for the bath using a soluble steel plate anode than for the bath using an insoluble platinized titanium one. Densed electrolytic iron having the purity of higher than 99.99% was ob-tained at the electrolysis conditions of the cathodic current density of 15A/dm2, the bath temperature of $70\pm$$5^{\circ}C$ and the ferrous ion concentration of about 100g/l. The morphologies of the deposited iron were observed by SEM.