• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.99-111
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• 1998

Chemical composition of the insoluble residue in a simulated spent PWR fuel(SIMRJEL) were studied. SIMFUELS were prepared by adding calculated amount of FP(fission product) elements with a burnup of 3.6% FIMA(fission per initial metal atom) to uranium in nitrate solution, evaporating the mixed solution to dryness, calcining at 90$0^{\circ}C$ in a stream of 4% H$_2$ + 96% He, and heating the pellet at 140$0^{\circ}C$ under high and low oxygen potentials. Insoluble residue was obtained from the dissolution of the SIMFUEL with HNO$_3$(1 : 1). The chemical composition of the SIMFUELs and the insoluble residues was determined by EPMA(electron probe microanalysis), XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and by XRD (X-ray diffraction) measurements. All of the insoluble residues suspended and precipitated were composed mainly of Mo, Ru with a small amount of Zr, Rh, Pd and Cd. The amount of insoluble residue(<1 wt.%) and a Mo/Ru ratio decreased with increasing oxygen potential. Formation of the zirconium molybdate precipitate, ZrMo$_2$O$_{7}$(OH)$_2$($H_2O$)$_2$, was observed in the residues. The possible role of Mo on the phase formation was discussed in regard to oxygen potential.l.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1841-1844
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• 2004

'Mixing Index($D_I$)'s generally used to measure the degree of mixing. A new method to calculate $D_I$ was proposed, when insoluble solution flows in micromixer. 'Vortex Index (${\Omega}_I$)'which indicate the degree of chaotic advection, is defined and formulated. A lots of arbitrary shaped microchannels were tested to calculate the $D_I$ and ${\Omega}_I$. And then a simple algebraic equation, $D_I=A{\Omega}_I+B$, was obtained. This equation may be used instead of partial differential equation, concentration equation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1267-1272
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• 2005

The effect of various moisture contents of fresh forage on the change in nitrogen (N) fractions, in vitro ruminal N degradability, and the subsequent N utilization of silage in sheep were evaluated. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) with high (HM, 76%), medium (MM, 65%) and low (LM, 40%) moisture contents were ensiled into silos of 120 L capacity for 120 days. A nitrogen balance trial was conducted using a 4${\times}$4 Latin square design consisting of four dietary treatments (i.e. fresh forage, HM, MM and LM silages) and four wethers. With respect to N fractions, fraction 1 (buffer solution soluble N), fraction 2 (buffer solution insoluble N-neutral detergent insoluble N), fraction 3 (neutral detergent insoluble N-acid detergent insoluble N), and fraction 4 (acid detergent insoluble N) were determined. The proportion of fraction 1 in silages tended to decrease, while the in vitro ruminal degradability of insoluble N increased (p<0.05) with lower moisture contents at ensiling. Consequently, nitrogen utilization in sheep tended to improve as the moisture content of ensiled grass was decreased, with a negative correlation (p<0.01) between urinary N and the in vitro ruminal degradability of insoluble N. The averaged N retentions for HM, MM, and LM silage treatments were 59, 73 and 79% of that for fresh forage, respectively.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.358-364
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• 2008

Wood-inorganic material composite (WIC) was prepared by impregnating wood with copper sulfate ($CuSO_4\;5H_2O$) solution and by immersed wood in sodium carbonate($Na_2CO_3$) solution in order to introduce insoluble copper compounds {copper carbonate hydroxide, $CuCO_3\;Cu(OH)_2$} into the wood to give fungicidal effects in treated-wood. The weight percent gains (WPGs) of treated wood reached maximum value by impregnation of 20% copper sulfate solution and immersion in about 15% sodium carbonate solution for 24 hrs. Inorganic substances were present mainly in the lumina and cross-field pitting of tracheides. These substances were proved to be the insoluble copper carbonate hydroxide against water by the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDXA). The treated specimens showed high preservative effectiveness because the weight losses were hardly occurred by the fungi degradation test.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1998

Russia 연안에서 채취한 홍조류인 Tichocarpus crinitus로부터 열수 추출한 KC1-insoluble carrageenan의 수율은 17.1%, KC1-soluble carrageenan의 수율은 3.52%였다. KC1-insoluble carrageenan의 경우 total sulfate 18.06%, protein 5.61%, K+ 3.51%, Na+0.49%, Ca2+ 1.66%, galactose 54.26%, xylose 4.68%, glucose, mannose가 소량(0.1%미만) 검출되었다. FT-IR spectroscopy 측정 결과 KC1-insoluble carrageenan은 $ extsc{k}$-carrageenan으로, KC1-soluble carrageenan은 λ-carrageenan이 주를 이루는 λ,$ au$ 혼합형 carrageenan으로 나타났다. KC1-insoluble carrageenan과 KC1-soluble carrageenan 수용액의 점도는 열 안정성 측정 결과 두 가지 획분 모두 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 정도까지도 안정한 것으로 나타났다. KC1-insoluble carrageenan의 경우는 K+ 첨가에 의하여 두 배 정도까지의 점도 증가를 나타내었으나 Ca2+ 첨가에 의한 경우와 KC1-soluble carrageenan에 대하여 K+ 및 Ca2+을 첨가한 경우 모두 점도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 산, 알칼리에 대한 안정성을 조사한 결과 두 가지 시료 모두 알칼리 존재에서는 안정하나 산의 존재에서는 급격한 안정성의 저하를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때 Tichocarpus crinitus로부터 열수 추출한 $textsc{k}$-carrageenan으로 판단되는 KC1-insoluble carrageenan은 KC1-soluble carrageenan과 함께 식품첨가물로 이용시 겔화제보다는 점도 증진제로의 이용이 기대된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1999

불용성 세리신을 가수분해하기 위해 염산 수용액을 이용하여 농도 및 시간별로 처리하여 처리조건이 가수분해에 미치는 영향에 대해 관찰되었다. 가수분해 후 분말화하여 분자량 분포와 분자량 및 백도를 측정하였고, 아미노산 분석을 통하여 세리신의 아미노산 조성의 변화를 시험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 염산 가수분해시 0.5N HCl보다 1N 처리시의 용해도가 5%가량 높았고, 처리 시간이 경과할수록 용해도가 증가하고, 6시간 이상의 처리에서는 그 증가폭이 크지않았다. 가수분해된 세리신의 전기영동 결과는 인정할만한 특정밴드는 나타나지 않았으며 분자량 6,000~20,000 사이에 많이 분포하는 것을 알았다. 가수분해된 세리신의 평균 중합도를 측정한 결과 4.2~5.9이었으며, 이를 분자량으로 환산하면 각각 470~670정도가 된다. 백도는 가수분해 시간이 경과할수록 감소하였다. 가수분해된 세리신의 아미노산 분석시 세리신 가수분해물은 220$^{\circ}C$ 부근의 열변성 피크와 330$^{\circ}C$ 부근의 열분해 피크에서 흡열 피크가 관찰되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2005

The 'Mixing Index($D_I$)' is used as a conventional guidance measuring the degree of mixing for multiphase flows. For the case when insoluble solutions flow in a passive micromixer, a new method to calculate $D_I$ is proposed. The 'Vortex Index(${\Omega}_I$)' is suggested and formulated. We infer that ${\Omega}_I$ relates to the degree of chaotic advection. Various arbitrary shaped microchannels were tested to calculate the $D_I\;and\;{\Omega}_I$, and then a simple algebraic equation, $D_I=Aexp(B{\Omega}_I)$, is obtained. This equation may be used instead of the conventional partial differential equation, concentration equation, to estimate the degree of mixing.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.686-694
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• 1999

Insoluble anodes of the Ta/Ir mixed metal oxide for electrodeposition of Ni-W alloy in ammoniacal citrate bath were prepared by thermal decomposition method. Ti plate was etched in boiling oxalic acid solution and coated with ethanol solution of $TaCl_{5}$ and $IrCl_4$ mixed in a fixed ratio, followed by drying and treating at various temperatures. The coating layer of these insoluble anode was characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD and DSC. The decomposition rate of citric acid in plating bath was determined by measuring the $CO_2$ gas evolved at the anodes with Gas Chromatography. Evolution of $CO_2$ gas from Ta/Ir oxide anodes decreased about 5% compared with that of Pt. The $CO_2$ gas evolution was increased with the amount of Ir-oxide in the coatings. The coatings which have more than 40% ratio of Ta content and heat-treated at the temperature higher than $400^{\circ}C$ showed better efficiency

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2002

This study investigated the production of insoluble dietary fiber using forest waste and the dietary effect of manufactured insoluble fiber on physiological function in rat fed high cholesterol duets. Insoluble dietary fiber was prepared from the wood chips of oak (Quercus mongolica). The best condition for steam-explosion treatment for the preparation of insonuble dietary fiber was 25 kg/cm$^3$pressure for 6 minutes. In the chemical analysis of insoluble dietary fiber pretreated by 1% sodium hydroxide solution with steam-exploded wood, $\alpha$-cellulose content was 61.7% in the insoluble dietary fiber which contained 7.6% residual lignin. In order to compare insoluble dietary fiber with commercial $\alpha$-cellulose of physiological function, Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were randomly assigned to one normal diet and five high cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol. The high cholesterol diet groups were classified as fiber free diet (FF group), 5% commercial $\alpha$-cellulose diet (5C group), 10% commercial $\alpha$-cellulose (l0C group), 5% insoluble dietary fiber dict (5M group), and 10% insoluble dietary fiber (10M group). The rats were fed ad libidum for 4 weeks. Food intake, weights gain, and food efficiency ratio in high cholesterol groups were higher than those of normal group, but there were no significant differences between the experimental groups. There were not any significant differences in the weights of livers, kidneys and small intestine of insoluble dietary fiber supplemented groups, but weight of cecum in all insolube dietary fiber group were significantly higher than those of FF group. A gstrointestinal transit time was decreased by supplementation of insoluble dietary fiber. Weight and water contents of feces in the insoluble dietary fiber supplemented groups were significantly higher than those of the FF group. There were not any significant differences in the activities of the glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) between the experimental groups. In conclusion, the manufactured insoluble dietary fiber and commercial insoluble fiber have the same physiological effects. The preparation method of the insoluble dietary fiber from the oak chips suited its purpose.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1524-1528
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• 2004

In order to determine the extent of change in nitrogen fractions and in vitro ruminal degradability of forage protein during ensilage and the influence on nitrogen utilization by sheep, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were ensiled in separate 120 L silos for 5, 21 and 56 days. With respect to nitrogen fractions, fraction 1 (buffer solution soluble nitrogen), fraction 2 (buffer solution insoluble nitrogen-neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen), fraction 3 (neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen-acid detergent insoluble nitrogen), and fraction 4 (acid detergent insoluble nitrogen) were determined. Fractions 1 and 2 accounted for more than 80% of total nitrogen in orchardgrass and 90% of that in alfalfa. The proportion of fraction 1 in orchardgrass increased from 33.0% at day 0 to 52.0% after day 56 of ensiling. In the case of alfalfa silage it was 41.7% and 62.9%, respectively. Seventy percent of this increase occurred within the first 5 days of ensiling. A similar change of in vitro ruminal degradability of total nitrogen was also observed in both forages. Nitrogen retention in sheep tended to decrease as the length of ensiling increased, with a significantly positive correlation between urinary nitrogen and fraction 1, and in vitro ruminal degradability of total nitrogen.