• Title/Summary/Keyword: Inorganic filler

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Utilization of Industrial Wastes as Fertilizer (산업폐기물(産業廢棄物)의 비료화(肥料化))

  • Shin, Jae-Sung;Han, Ki-Hak
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.27
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    • pp.68-79
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    • 1984
  • An increased population and rapidly expanding industrial development have led to enormous amounts of various domestic and industrial wastes. The proper disposal of ever-increasing wastes is a growing global problem. Land treatment is one of the rational approaches that are environmentally safe and economically practical. It has long been practised in many sites. Recycling of industrial wastes on agricultural land can provide better possible means for maintaining environmental quality and utilizing waste-resources. Even though industrial wastes are beneficial as soil amendment and fertilizer, they have some limitation on land application because of wide variability as well as physicochemical problem in their composition. A direct application of solid and liquid wastes on land is being practised in Korea and some experimental results are presented. The direct application of fermentation waste on rice resulted in a 6 percent yield increase. Another organic residue from glutamic acid fermentation is widely used not only as a direct application as a liquid fertilizer but also for a raw material of organic compound fertilizer. These wastes are much promising as sources of plant nutrients, since they have large amounts of nutrients, especially nitrogen with few toxic metals. On the other hand, fertilizers developed from inorganic industrial wastes include calcium silicate, calcium sulfate and ammonium sulfate. The calcium silicate fertilizer simply produced from slag, by-product of iron and steel manufacturing plant is one of the most successful example of the conversion of wastes to fertilizer and slag production capacity totals to over three million MT/year. About 200,000 MT of calcium silicate fertilizer is currently applied in the paddy rice every year. Calcium sulfate, a waste from the wet phosphoric acid process is to some extent used as a filler of compound fertilizers but quite large quantites are directly applied for the reclamation of tidal flat.

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A scientific analysis of pigments for the Ilweoloakdo (일원오악도 안료에 대한 과학적 분석)

  • Han, Min-Su;Hong, Jong-Ouk
    • 보존과학연구
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    • s.26
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    • pp.165-188
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    • 2005
  • From the ancient to these days, there have been used many kinds of pigment which have two types that are inorganic pigment and organic pigment. At the ancient times, natural pigment had been used but the artificially mixed pigment has been used in modern times. By the way, searching for studies has been studied recently, it would be said the ancient pigments such as Danchung, Wall painting and Mural painting are the mainthema. However, studies about the pigments used in modern pictured relics have rarely can be found. Therefore, this analysis of Ilweolokdo would be important at the point of the pigments used in pictures of royal family in modern times and the results can be briefly summarized as below; Firstly, the results of qualitative analysis of the pigments that base or all pigments of picture was detected components of Ca, Fe and As, this results meaning that picture was used filler and basic paint. Secondly, a result of the analysis on the composition elements of the pigments shows that the main components in their composition are ;White - Lead Cyanamide($2PbCO_3$.$Pb(OH)_2$) or Titanium Oxide($TiO_2$)Blue - Ultramarine($2(Na_2O$.$Al_2O_3$ .$2Si_O2$).$Na_2S_2$)Green - Emerald green($C_2H_3A_s3Cu_2O_8$)Gold - Gold(Au), Red-Red Lead($Pb_3O_4$) or Cinnabar(HgS)Black - Carbon(C)Thirdly, X-ray diffraction analysis of crystalline structure for the blue and green pigment peeling off in picture shows that the components of blue pigment is Ultramarine($2(Na_2O$.$Al_2O_3$ .$2Si_O2$).$Na_2S_2$) and green pigment is Emerald green($C_2H_3A_s3Cu_2O_8$). Especially, microcrystalline structure of the green pigment was the shape like a cross section of wood. Consequently, we knew through the analysis of qualitative and microcrystallinestructures seen on the cross section of analyzed pigments layer that the all pigments used in the Ilweoloakdo is possible to use synthetic pigments in modern.

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A Study on the Preparation of Lightweight Materials with Sewage Sludge Ash (하수(下水)슬러지 소각재(燒却滓)를 사용한 경량재료(輕量材料) 제조연구(製造硏究))

  • Lee, Hwa-Young
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.30-36
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    • 2008
  • The preparation of porous lightweight materials as well as the measurement of physical properties has been performed by using SSA(sewage sludge ash) as the raw material. For this aim, two types of lightweight filler, that is, perlite and silica sphere were employed respectively and bentonite was also used as an inorganic binder. The properties of lightweight specimen calcined at 1,000 were measured in terms of density, compressive strength, thermal conductivity and sound absorption to examine the effect of material composition as well as the preparation condition on the properties of lightweight material. As a result, the density of specimen prepared with perlite was ranged from 1.23 to $1.37g/cm^3$ and the compressive strength was ranged from 242.3 to $370.5kg/cm^2$. In case of specimen prepared with silica sphere, it was found that the compressive strength was less than $100kg/cm^2$ even though density was lower than that of specimen with perlite. As far as the thermal conductivity of specimen was concerned, it was ranged from 0.3 to $0.5W/m^{\circ}K$ depending on material composition so that the insulation effect was superior to conventional concrete.

The Effect of Zirconate Addition on the Joint Properties of Epoxy Adhesive for Car Body Assembly (차체 구조용 에폭시 접착제의 접합부 특성에 미치는 Zirconate 첨가효과)

  • Jeung, Eun-Taek;Lee, Hye-Rim;Lee, So-Jeong;Lim, Chang-Young;Seo, Jong-Dock;Kim, Mok-Soon;Kim, Jun-Ki
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.71-76
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    • 2013
  • The effect of zirconate having - NH functional group on the T-peel and lap shear strength of $CaCO_3$ containing structural epoxy adhesive for car body assembly was investigated. Curing behavior of epoxy adhesive samples were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) techniques. The addition of zirconate up to 7.5 phr did not affect the curing mechanism of epoxy adhesive. While the small amount of zirconate addition less than 1.1 phr increased the cross-linking density, the excess addition of zirconate resulted in the increase of uncross-linked impurity. From the increase of T-peel and lap shear strength and the change of fracture mode from the adhesive failure to the mixed one, it was considered that the small addition of zirconate was effective in improving the adhesion strength of epoxy adhesive to the adherend and inorganic filler surfaces. The formation of uncross-linked impurity with the excess addition of zirconate was considered to decrease the joint strength by decreasing the cohesive strength of the cured epoxy.

New Micropolymer Technologies for Increased Drainage and Retention for both Wood and Non-Wood Containing Furnishes (목질 및 비목질 함유 지료의 탈수속도와 보류향상을 위한 새로운 마이크로폴리머 기술)

  • Lewis, Christopher;Polverari, Marco
    • Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.1-46
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    • 2008
  • The ability to control filler performance and fines retention is vital in the development of both filled and non filled grades, respectively. This is very important when achieving the desired sheet structure necessary to maximize machine performance and end user demands. A narrow balance exists in attaining the desired retention and formation particularly in systems with heavier ash loads and producing paper and paper board on higher speed high shear equipment. A new generation of both cationic and anionic micropolymer technologies has been developed. These water based chemistries are volatile organic compound (VOC) and alkyphenol ethoxylate (APE) free. When these novel micropolymers are applied with linear poly-acrylamide or in conjunction with inorganic microparticle technologies (such as silica or swellable minerals), substantial increases in drainage, fibre retention and ash retention are observed. These improvements have been observed not only in high filled wood and non wood containing grades such as fine paper and super calendared sheets (SCA), but also in low filled newsprint grades. Of particular note is the drainage improvement seen with the application of the cationic micropolymers in unbleached packaging grades with poly-acrylamide.

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Preparation and Characteristics of Polyurethane Hybrid Sealant Modified with Polydimethylsiloxane (Polydimethylsiloxnae 변성 Polyurethane Hybrid Sealant의 제조와 그 특성)

  • Kang, Doo-Whan;Park, Seung-Woo
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.488-492
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    • 2011
  • Three isocyanatopropyldimethoxysilylpolydimethylsiloxanes(IDMSi-PDMS) were synthesised from the reaction of isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane with monohydroxyl group termainated PDMS having different molecular weight($M_n$=5000, 10000, and 20000). Then PDMS modified polyurethane hybrid elastomer(PSMPH) were prepared from the reaction of IDMSi-PDMS with ${\alpha}$, ${\omega}$-hydroxyl group terminated polyurethane. PSMPH sealant was prepared by compounding PSMPH elastomer with additives such as plasticizer, adhesion promoter, crosslinking agent, vicosity increasing agent, inorganic filler, and catalyst at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The methoxy group in the PSMPH sealant should be crosslinked with the hydroxyl group in the building stone or moisture by typical sol-gel reaction. The adhesive strength of the sealant having PDMS of $M_n$=5000 showed 40.28 kg of maxium load and 20.14 kg of break load. The shrinkage rate of the sealant having PDMS of $M_n$=20000 was 5.7% as the best result. Also, their skin over time, slump, oil content after 8 days under oil soaked paper and alkaline resistance characteristics show good results.

Effect of Mixing Process on the Wear Properties of UHMWPE/Kaolin Composite (입자충전 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌의 마모특성 : 입자충전 방법의 효과)

  • Ki, Nam;Lee, Geon-Woong;Yoon, Ho-Gyu;Park, Hong-Jo;Kwak, Soon-Jong;Kim, Jun-Kyung;Park, Min
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.803-811
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    • 2002
  • In this study the wear behavior of ultra high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) filled with kaolin particles by different methods was investigated. UHMWPE/kaolin composites were prepared by two different methods: polymerization-filling and powder mixing. Particularly in a powder mixing method. Particle dispersion and wear property according to powder mining method were examined. It was found from wear test that filling of inorganic filler into UHMWPE by polymerization filling was more effective way than by powder mixing method in improving Wear resistance of UHMWPE. It was also confirmed that abrasive wear was dominant wear mechanism and particle dispersion in the composite as well as interface property was an important factor in controlling the wear behavior of the resulting composites.

Gas Transport Properties in Poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) Composite Membranes with Organic and Inorganic Filler (유기-무기 충진제를 함유한 Poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) 복합막에서의 기체 운송 성질)

  • Cho, Deok Yeon;Hong, Se Lyung
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.318-325
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    • 2012
  • PTMSP-PMMH-NaY zeolite composite membranes were prepared by the addition of 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% NaY zeolite contents to PTMSP containing 20 wt% PMMH dendrimer. To investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of composite membranes, the analytical methods such as FT-IR, TGA, and SEM have been utilized, and the gas permeability and selectivity properties of hydrogen and nitrogen were evaluated. The permeability of the PTMSP-PMMH-NaY zeolite composite membranes increased as NaY zeolite content increased, the permeabilities of hydrogen and nitrogen gases were observed being 3,950~592,000 barrer and 1,550~143,000 barrer, respectively. Simultaneously, selectivity of hydrogen against nitrogen did not show a discernible difference at 0~30 wt% range of NaY zeolite contents and increased from 2.2 to 4.2 at 30~40 wt% range.

Accuracy evaluation of resin complete denture made with glass fiber mesh reinforcement before and after curing (유리섬유 보강재로 제작한 레진의치의 온성 전·후에 따른 정확성 평가)

  • Kim, Dong-Yeon;Jung, Il-Do;Park, Jin-Young;Kang, Seen-Young;Kim, Ji-hwan;Kim, Woong-Chul
    • Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of glass fiber mesh complete denture of before and after curing. Methods: Edentulous model was selected as the master model. Ten study models were made by Type IV stone. Wax complete dentures were produced by the denture base and artificial teeth. CD and GD groups were measured six measurement distance before curing. The wax complete denture was investment after measurement is completed. Using a heat polymerization resin was injected resin. After injecting the resin it was curing. A complete denture was re-measured after curing. The measured data was verified by paired t-test. Results: Overall CD group was larger the value of the measured length. In the CD group, A-D point was larger. The smallest point was the B-D point. However, there was no statistically significant difference only C-D point(p>0.05). In the GD group, A-B point was larger. but B-D point was the smallest. A-D and B-C statistically points showed significant differences(p<0.05). Conclusion: Glass fiber mesh resin complete denture can be clinically applied to the edentulous patient.

A Study on the Characteristics and Utilization of Ash from Sewage Sludge Incinerator (하수(下水)슬러지 소각재의 특성(特性) 평가(評價) 및 재활용(再活用)을 위한 기초연구(基礎硏究))

  • Lee, Hwa-Young
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.3-9
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    • 2008
  • The measurement of physicochemical properties and chemical composition of SSA(sewage sludge ash) has been carried out and the preparation of lightweight material has also been performed using SSA for reuse as building or construction materials. For this aim, lightweight material has been prepared by forming the mixture of SSA, lightweight filler and inorganic binder followed by calcination at elevated temperature and characterized in terms of density and compressive strength. The pH of fly ash was found to be slightly alkaline, pH 8.69, due to the addition of caustic soda in order to neutralize the acidic gas while the pH of bottom ash was 6.48 Heavy metal leachability based on the standard leach test was also found to be below the detection limit for Cd, Cu, Pb, As and Cr of SSA. As far as the compressive strength of lightweight material was concerned, the compressive strength of lightweight material using fly ash was higher than that of lightweight material using bottom ash.