• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.23-36
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• 2023

Purpose - This study investigates the impact of equity financing on the valuation of R&D investments using a sample of firms from 33 countries from 1997 to 2018. Design/methodology/approach - I use a modified version of the valuation regression widely used in the literature. Findings - I find evidence that R&D investments are more highly valued when financed through equity. In contrast, debt financing does not affect the valuation of R&D investments. I also document that the impact of equity financing on R&D investment valuation weakens during the financial crisis. Research implications or Originality - In light of the distinctive characteristics of innovative investment, previous research investigates its relationship with financing. What remains unexamined, however, is how financing choices impact the way investors value innovative investments. This study seeks to bridge this gap in the existing body of research using a sample of firms from 33 countries from 1997 to 2018, for 22 years.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2021

Background/Objectives: Extra-nodal extension (ENE) is one of the strongest prognosticators in oral cancers. Here we tried to evaluate clinicopathological factors associated with the presence of ENE. Materials & Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical information of 120 patients who diagnosed with oral cancer and received curative surgery at our hospital from Mar 2012 to Apr 2020. We comparatively analyzed clinicopathological factors associated with the presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis and ENE, respectively. Results: Variable factors of primary tumor characteristics such as lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, largest diameter of tumor, depth of invasion and maximum standardized uptake value were significantly associated with the presence of cervical LN metastasis. The largest diameter of tumor was statistically significant also in multivariate analysis for predicting the LN metastasis. Meanwhile, the association between primary tumor characteristics and the presence of ENE were not statistically significant except the primary tumor size. Importantly, factors associated with LN characteristics including the maximum diameter and number of metastatic LNs were significantly associated with ENE. Conclusion: In this study, several factors affecting cervical LN metastasis and ENE in oral cancer patients were identified. The ENE seems to be influenced by the status of the metastatic LNs, such as the number of metastatic LNs, rather than the characteristics of the primary tumor itself.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.525-536
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• 2021

This study investigated that customer satisfaction based on the effects of perceived value (innovative value, practical value, symbolic value) and innovation characteristics (innovative resistance, visibility) of wearable healthcare device users on purchase attitude. A survey was conducted on actual users who are currently using wearable healthcare devices, and the final 201 copies were analyzed using SPSS 25 and SmartPLS 3.0. The summary of research results is following here. First, it was found that the perceived values, innovative and practical values had a positive (+) effect on the user's purchasing attitude, while symbolic values did not affect the user's purchasing attitude. Second, among the innovation characteristics, innovation resistance was came out negative (-) effect on the user's purchasing attitude, and among the innovation characteristics, visibility did not affect the user's purchasing attitude. Third, it was found that perceived price had a positive (+) effect on the user's purchase attitude. Fourth, it was clarified that the perceived price and purchase attitude had a positive (+) effect on the user's customer satisfaction. Based on these research results, theoretical, practical, and future research directions were proposed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2010

Fretting wear behavior under elastic deformable contacts was experimentally examined by using a simulated dual cooled fuel rod and its supporting structure. As this fuel rod has larger outer diameter than the typical solid rod to accommodate sufficient internal flow, new supporting structure geometries should be designed and their reliabilities (i.e. vibration characteristics, fretting wear resistance, etc.) are also examined with both analytical and experimental methods. In this study, the supporting structure characteristics and fretting wear behaviors are analyzed and examined by using one of the supporting structure candidates which has an embossing shape. The supporting structure characteristics were examined by using a specially designed test rig and their results were compared with that of analytical method. Based on the test results, the relationship between the supporting structure characteristics and their fretting wear behaviors was discussed in detail.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 2013

The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate the factors of self-leadership depending on individual characteristics, job characteristics, and qualities of leader-member exchange. Additionally, this study aims to discover the effect of self-leadership's outcome factors on organizational citizenship behavior and innovative activities. In order to verify research model and hypothesis, questionnaires were collected from department members working at general hospitals, hospitals, and clinics in metropolitan area of Seoul, which were 85 departments and 344 respondents. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS ver. 19.0 and Amos ver. 18.0 statistical package using Structural Equation Model. The results of the analysis showed that both individual characteristics and job characteristics have significant positive effect on self-leadership. Also, self-leadership had significant positive relationship on innovative action and organizational citizenship behavior. The implications of this study are as follow. First, this study empirically explained how self-leadership is applied in healthcare organizations. Second, it verified the relationship between causal factors and outcome factors of self-leadership. Also, prior researches of self-leadership have been conducted on business companies, but this study explored self-leadership at healthcare organizations, which increased external validity. Nowadays, many people are interested in the effect of leadership in order to overcome issues coming from enlarged organizations and to improve performance. Self-leadership will contribute to maximizing voluntary efforts of human resources and performance in a rapidly changing healthcare industry.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.112-126
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate visual elements of steampunk fashion and provide base line data for innovative fashion design ideas and products. We investigated design characteristics of steampunk fashion style shown in 3 movies and 3 animations. Based on the investigation, the research drew intrinsic value of steampunk fashion from three brands 'Vivienne Westwood', 'Dolce & Gabbana' and 'Alexander McQueen'. As the research analyzed movies and animations revealing steampunk style, various characteristics were found and assorted into similar categories. Subcategories of steampunk fashion are pluralism, rebellion and heterogeneity. The followings are result of analyzing three designer collection listed above. First, steampunk fashion made by designers used various color and materials to express multi-pluralistic(multiplicity) characteristic. Second, fashion style in collections revealed artistic and experimental design. This adventurous and innovative characteristic is categorized as rebellion feature. Third, steampunk fashion style used mix-match of unexpected materials or unbalanced silhouette to create a complete fashion style by combining styles in duplicity which could've lack harmony. Intrinsic value of steampunk is defined as graffiti of 19th century's science technology and utopia spirit. Longing for past and fantasy was expressed into fashion. Steampunk fashion wants to escape reality and tries to recreate history of the past faded away with technological development. It defines steampunk as freedom, deviation and fantastical utopia in positive point of view. Furthermore, aesthetic implication of steampunk style found in this research can make a boundary of steampunk style clear and become reference for future researches regarding steampunk fashion.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.235-243
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• 2023

This paper presents the fabrication process of water-lubricated plastic bearings. Plastic bearings require good mechanical properties and tribological properties as well as elasticity and shock resistance, especially when lubricated in dirty water conditions. In this study, sleeve-type plastic bearings are produced by winding a prepreg sheet, which primary contains nitrile rubber (NBR)-modified epoxy, self-lubricating fillers, and various types of lattice-structured reinforcing fibers such as carbon, Aramid, and polyethylene terephthalate. A thermosetting epoxy is chemically modified with NBR to impart elasticity and low-friction characteristics in water conditions. Experimental investigations are conducted to examine the mechanical and tribological characteristics of the developed bearing materials, and the results are compared with the characteristics of a commercial plastic bearing (Thordon SXL), well known as a water-lubricated bearing. A Thordon bearing (mainly composed of polyurethane) exhibits an extremely low load-bearing capacity and is thus only suitable for medium loading (1~10MPa). The tribological characteristics of the test materials are evaluated through Falex block-on-ring (LFW-1) friction and wear tests. The results indicate that friction exhibited by the carbon-fiber-reinforced NBR-10wt.%-modified epoxy composite material, incorporated with the addition of 20wt.% UHMWPE and 6wt.% paraffin wax, is lower than that of the Thorden bearings, whereas its wear resistance surpass that of Thorden ones. Because of these features, the load carrying capacity of the fabricated composite (>10MPa) is higher than that of the Thorden bearings. These results confirm the applicability of water-lubricated plastic bearing materials developed in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.38-45
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• 2020

A magnetically levitating capsule train, which runs inside the sub-vacuum tube, can reach ultra-fast speeds by dramatically reducing the aerodynamic drag and friction. The capsule train uses the superconductor electrodynamic suspension (SC-EDS) method for levitation. The SC-EDS method has advantages, such as a large levitation gap and free of gap control, which could reduce the infra-construction cost. On the other hand, disadvantages, such as the large variation of the levitation-guidance gap and small damping characteristics in levitation-guidance force, could degrade the running stability and ride comfort of the capsule train. In this study, a dynamic analytical model of a capsule train based on the SC-EDS was developed to analyze the running dynamic characteristics. First, as important factors in the capsule train dynamics, the levitation and guidance stiffness in the SC-EDS system were derived, which depend non-linearly on the velocity and gap variation. A 3D dynamic analysis model for capsule trains was developed based on the derived stiffness. Through the developed model, the effects of the different running speeds on the ride comfort were analyzed. The effects of a disturbance from infrastructure, such as the curve radius, tube sag, and connection joint difference, on the running stability of the capsule train, were also analyzed.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.95-115
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• 2012

The e-Book market has rapidly grown as an innovative product which is mixed its traditional and technological characteristics. However, decreasing user resistance to the e-Book is very important to continually keeping up its market growth. Previous studies for user resistance have been studied as a negative barrier for various innovative products with importance of user resistance. Nevertheless, the factors for user' resistance to the e-Book field have not been found out considering both perceived value and switching cost. Especially, both innovative technology and user specifics should be considered when explaining user resistance to adopting e-Books. Thus, the purpose of this study is to understand the process for user resistance to the e-book and find out its antecedents with perceived value and switching cost at the same time. As a result, it appeared that triability, uncertainty and complexity affected perceived value and switching cost. The user-based antecedents like social norm and perceived value increased the effect of self-efficacy. Also, self-efficacy and perceived value decreased user resistance whereas switching cost increase user resistance to the e-Book perspective.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.547-557
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• 2020

In this study, damping control devices were applied to the suspension system of a capsule train, and the effects were investigated to improve the ride comfort. The superconductor electrodynamic suspension (SC-EDS) method is used for the capsule train levitation. This method has advantages such as no gap control and a large gap. However, the SC-EDS method has disadvantages such as large gap variation and small damping characteristics against outer vibration, which causes degradation of the ride comfort. In this study, the damping control devices in the primary and secondary suspension were considered to improve the ride comfort in the capsule train. Damping control devices in the primary and secondary suspension can reduce the vibration transmission from outer disturbances to the bogie and from the bogie to the car body, respectively. Simulations for dynamic characteristics analyses were conducted based on the capsule train dynamic model to investigate the effects of the damping control devices on the ride comfort. As a result, it was confirmed that the ride comfort requirements according to the ISO standard can be satisfied by applying the damping control in the capsule train suspension.