• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.4
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• pp.557-572
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• 2000

Nowadays, after beginning of 21 centuries, owing to simplify market, the world is in the era of an influx of new paradigm that requires infinite competition. The manufacturing industries of Korea are in need of casting off high cost and low efficiency structure. The forfeiture of competition is resulted from the lost of level in quality of product. Today, the achievement of competitive product quality is coming from the following factors, that is., quality control, quality of service, marketing, human resources, finance, etc., together with process management. While Six Sigma, a newly introduced method to achieve process qualify outcome by sector of enterprise, is now being enjoyed a high reputation as a key device for competition by superiority enterprises in the United States, it has not been introduced sufficiently in the domestic enterprises yet. In our research, we, first of all, organized systematically the materials being released up to now. Furthermore, we looked over case studies of the American enterprises that apply Six Sigma strategy very successfully. Finally, we discussed the situation of domestic enterprises which are about to importing Six Sigma strategy as well as main causation of success by adopting it. While the enterprises approach Six Sigma strategy not in the way of on time and short term but in the way of long term, consistent renovation and persistent innovation we can assure that they will produce the highest quality and globally competitive products which are second to none.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2018

With the constant growth of R&D investment, it has been increasingly necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of R&D performance and there is a high emphasis on ensuring the accountability and effectiveness of R&D programs. The evaluation of performance of a firm is especially necessary in times of economic downturn to justify R&D investment. However, there is a marked shortage of clear guidelines as to where and how particular metrics are used to measure the output and outcome of R&D activity in firms. Many firms have difficulties in selecting appropriate indicators for their R&D and financial performances. To fill this gap, this article discusses and presents the findings from the literature in such a way that they become useful for researchers or managers who are in charge of measuring the R&D and business performances arising from innovation activities. Finally, based on the findings about metrics of R&D performance, this article proposes the hypothetical framework to investigate the relationship between technology forecasting, strategic technology planning, and business performance. The framework of this article will assist policy makers, universities, research institutes/national laboratories, and companies to enhance their decision making process in technology development.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.176-182
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• 2021

This research proposes a high-frequency circuit that can accurately predict the differential mode noise of single-phase inverters at the circuit design stage. Proposed single-phase inverter high frequency circuit in the work is a form in which harmonic impedance components are added to the basic single-phase inverter circuit configuration. For accurate noise prediction, parasitic components present in each part of the differential noise path were extracted. Impedance was extracted using a network analyzer and Q3D in the measurement range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz. A high-frequency circuit model was completed by applying the measured values. Simulations and experiments were conducted to confirm the validity of the high-frequency circuit. As a result, we were able to predict the resonance point of the differential mode voltage extracted as an experimental value with a high-frequency circuit model within an approximately 10% error. Through this outcome, we could verify that differential mode noise can be accurately predicted using the proposed model of the high-frequency circuit without a separate test bench for noise measurement.

• Patent21
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• s.93
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• pp.30-37
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• 2011

Intellectual property (IF) is essential to standards development although countervailing interests among stakeholders can sometimes undermine trust and inhibit progress. A consequence of slow or non-existent standards development is the loss of potential markets that can emerge only with an internationally recognized standard. Standards developing organizations (SDOs) can enable new markets by ensuring fairness and trust in their venues. The IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) is an SDO that has defined specific steps to facilitate this outcome by means of its internationally recognized patent policy. This paper will describe the underlying principles that guided the creation of IEEE-SA' s policy; highlight five of the major elements of the policy; and suggest a process for integrating IF into standards so that IF stakeholders, in conjunction with standards developers, might agree to meet certain expectations in order for the standards-making process is to be successful and encourage market development.

• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Purpose - The main purpose of the paper is to examine the variables affecting carbon emissions in different nations around the world. Research design, data, and methodology - To measure its impact on carbon emissions, secondary data has data of the top 50 Countries have been taken. The stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model have been used to quantify the factors that affect carbon emissions. A modified version using Industry 4.0 and region in fundamental STIRPAT model has been applied with the ordinary least square approach. The outcome has been measured using both the basic and extended STIRPAT models. Result - Technology found a positive determinant as well as statistically significant at the alpha level of 0.001models indicating that technological innovation helps reduce carbon emissions. In total, 4 models have been derived to test the best fit and find the highest explaining capacity of variance. Model 3 is found best fit in explanatory power with the highest adjusted R2 (97.95%). Conclusion - It can be concluded that the selected explanatory variables population and Industry 4.0 are found important indicators and causal factors for carbon emission and found constant with all four models for total CO2 and Co2 per capita.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2558-2569
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• 2012

While the cost of technology development is increased, the life cycle of products and services that have been developed has become progressively shorter. Open innovation have been increasing by company as a strategy to respond to the rapidly changed market. Technology transfer from universities is one of the typical means of technological innovation. Although a university has invested significant resources in R&D, the results has been neglected. Therefore, at the moment, research is needed about the outcomes and efficiency of technology transfer at universities. In the previous research, since most of studies focus on the analysis of factors that influence the outcome of technology transfer, in this study, targeting domestic universities, the efficiency of technology transfer at the university was analyzed. In addition, differences in the efficiency of different types of university is verified. Consequently, universities specializing in technology and industry has high-efficiency than the others. There is no significant difference between the groups of universities whether or not to participate in Technology Licensing Office(TLO). More efforts are required for successful results of TLO in Korea. This study is expected to be able to provide reasonable indicators on technology transfer for further research.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3340-3353
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• 2009

This paper aims to study the effect of academia-industrial cooperation on the technical innovation of small and medium-sized companies. A survey was conducted on about 1,100 businesses located in the Sihwa-Banwol industrial estate to analyze the consequence of three factors of academia-industrial cooperation. the joint use of equipments, technological support of universities to businesses, and cooperative technological development through technical guidance-on entrepreneurial capability and their knowledge-absorption ability, and ultimately on their technological innovation,. The validity of the survey result was tested through the Structural Equation Model. On the basis of the comparison between companies which have participated in academy-industry cooperation and companies which have not, this paper suggests that venture businesses should take advantage of the cooperation with universities to boost their competitiveness. The analysis of the three individual factors of the academy-industry cooperation based on the Structural Equation Model shows that all of them have remarkable influence on entrepreneurial capability, but that they don't have as much impact on businesses' knowledge absorption ability. However, the outcome of technological innovation of businesses is primarily influenced by entrepreneurial capability rather than their knowledge absorption ability. The survey also shows that the three factors of the cooperation have an equal impact on the competitiveness of companies regardless of their business type or their products' growth stages. As the companies involved in academy industry cooperation outweigh other businesses, in terms of technological innovation, the numbers of new product development, and the numbers of their process improvement cases, this paper argues that new strategies should be taken for the businesses to fully take advantage of academy-industry cooperation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2023

Overcoming the death valley, a period in which resources are depleted and profitability declines or stagnates in the entrepreneurial process, is an essential procedure for success. In this study, we examined how the strategic orientation(technology, customer, competitor orientations) and absorptive capacity(potential, realized capacities) of startups affect the possibility of startups to overcome the challenges of death valley, and also empirically analyzed whether support of open innovation and venture capital has a moderating influence to the overcoming of death valley. The result of this study shows that customer orientation and realized absorptive capacity have a positive influence on overcoming the death valley. In addition, we found that the support of open innovation and venture capital has a moderating effect only in the technology orientation among the three types of strategic orientations. The result of this research emphasizes (1) the need for startups to take a more customer-oriented approach to overcome the death valley. The customer-oriented behavior and strategies of startups are vital for their longterm survival and success if we consider the fact that most of the companies investigated in this study were technology-based startups and only customer orientation showed significant results in overcoming the death valley. The research outcome also shows that (2) implementing innovation in a more open way and securing venture capital funding can make it easier for startups to overcome the death valley. This study has academic significance in that it empirically analyzed the relationship of key factors influencing the overcoming of death valley in a situation where the majority of existing research remains at the conceptual level of discussion or methodology of case study. Furthermore, this research also provides practical implications for the establishment and implementation of effective strategies to confront the challenges of death valley for startups, government and related organizations.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-88
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• 2008

Since the implementation of economic reforms in 1978, the Chinese economy grows rapidly at an average annul growth rate of 9% over the post two decades. Franchising has been widely recognized as an important source of entrepreneurial activity. Trust is important in that it facilitates relational exchanges by permits partners to transcend short-run inequities or risks to concentrate on long-term profits or gains. In the relationship between the franchisors and franchisees, trust has been described as an important source of competitive advantage. However, little research has been done on the factors affecting trust in Chinese franchisor-franchisee relationships. The purpose of this study is to investigate what factors affect the trust in the franchise system in China, and to provide guidelines and insights to franchisors which enter Chinese market. In this study, according to Morgan and Hunt (1994), trust is defined as the extending when one party has confidence in an exchange partner's reliability and integrity. We offered a conceptual model of the empirical study. The model shows that the factors affecting the trust include franchisor's supports, communication, satisfaction with previous outcome and conflict. We also suggested the franchisor's supports and communication like to enhance the franchisee's satisfaction with previous outcome, and the franchisor's supports, communication and he franchisee's satisfaction with previous outcome tend to decrease conflict. Before the formal study, a pretest involving exploratory interviews with owners from three franchisees was conducted to make sure the questionnaire was relevant and clear to the respondents. The data were collected using trained interviewers to carry out personal interviews with the aid of an unidentified, muti-page, structured questionnaire. The respondents comprised of owners, managers, and owner managers of franchisee-owned food service franchises located in Beijing, China. Even though a total of 256 potential franchises were initially contacted, the finally usable sample consisted of 125 respondents. As expected, the sampling method was successful in soliciting respondents with waried personal and firm characteristics. Self-administrated questionnaires were used for all measures. And established scales were used to measure the latent constructs in this study. The measures tapped the franchisees' perceptions of the relationship with the referent franchisor. Five-point Likert-type scales ranging from "strongly disagree" (=1) to "strongly agree" (=7) were used throughout the constructs (trust, eight items; support, five items; communication, four items; satisfaction, six items; conflict, three items). The reliability measurements traditionally employed, such as the Cronbach's alpha, were used. All the reliabilities were greater than.80. The proposed measurement model was estimated using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 analysis package. We conducted A series of exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses to assess the convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability. The results indicate reasonable overall fits between the model and the observed data. The overall fit of measurement model were $X^2$= 159.699, p=0.004, d.f. = 116, GFI =.879, NFI =.898, CFI =.969, IFI =.970, TLI =.959, RMR =.058. The results demonstrated that the data reasonably fitted the model. We also examined construct reliability and reliability and average variance extracted (AVE). The construct reliability of each construct was greater than.80 and the AVE of each construct was greater than.50. According to the analysis of Structure Equation Modeling (SEM), the results of path model indicated an adequate fit of the model: $X^2$= 142.126, p = 0.044, d.f. = 115, GFI =.892, NFI =.909, CFI =.981, IFI =.981, TLI =.974, RMR =.057. As hypothesized, the results showed that it is strategically important to establish trust in a franchise system, and the franchisor's supports, communication and satisfaction with previous outcome tend to reinforce franchisee's trust. The results also showed trust seems to decrease as the experience of conflict episodes increases. And we also noticed that franchisor's supports and communication tend to enhance the franchisee's satisfaction with previous outcome, and communication tend to decrease conflict. If the trust between the franchisor and franchisee can be established in a franchise system, franchising offers many benefits and reduces many costs. To manage a mutual trust of relationship with their franchisees, franchisor's should provide support effectively to their franchisees. Effective assistant services have direct effect on franchisees' satisfaction with previous outcome and trust in franchisor. Especially, franchise sales process, orientation, and training in the start-up period are key elements for success of the franchise system. Franchisor's support is an accumulated separate satisfaction evaluation with different kind of service provided by the franchisor. And providing support definitely can improve the trustworthy image of the franchisor. In the franchise system, conflicts of interests and exertions of different power sources are very common. The experience of conflict episodes seems to negatively relate to trust. Therefore, it is important to reduce the negative side of the relationship conflicts. Communication actually plays a broader role in reducing conflict and establish mutual trust in franchisor-franchisee relationship. And effective communication between franchisors and franchisees can improve franchisees' satisfaction toward the franchise system. As the diversification of Chinese markets, both franchisors and franchisees must keep the relevant, timely, and reliable communication. And it is very important to improve the quality of communication. Satisfaction with precious outcomes seems to positively relate to trust. Franchisors and franchisees that are highly satisfied with the previous outcomes that flow from their relationship will perceive their partner as advancing their goal achievement. Therefore, it is necessary for both franchisor and their franchisees to make the welfare of partner with effort. Little literature has focused on what factors affect the trust between franchisors and their franchisees in China. This study developed the hypotheses regarding the factors affecting trust in the transaction relationship. The results of data analysis supported the hypotheses strongly. There are certain limitations in this study. First, we may point out that some other factors missed in this study could be significantly important. Second, the context of this study, food service industry, limits its potential generalizability for all franchise systems. More studies in different categories of franchise system are needed to broaden its generalizability. Third, the model was tested empirically in a sample in Beijing, more empirical tests of the proposed model in other Chinese areas are needed. Finally, the analysis in this study was solely based on the perception of franchisees and the opinions of franchisors were not included.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.239-256
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to deduce the effective improvement plans of engineering education system and to provide the base materials by analyzing satisfaction and problems in the perception survey of stakeholders related in engineering education system including Engineering Education Accreditation System. Engineering education system improvement plans from the results of study are as follows. First, government and university should provide more financial support to the college in order to improve education environment such as laboratories and equipment. Second, in order to improve links among engineering education stakeholders, student-professor, student-faculty, and colleges should operate effective mentoring program and consultation plan. Third, according to service quality evaluation, colleges need to give rewards to distinguished faculties for their outstanding work and build up job training about services in order to enhance satisfaction of students and professors, Also, business related to Engineering Education Accreditation System should be simplified and needs to increase the number of workers exclusively responsible for this work. Forth, in order to enhance comprehension of learning outcome and outcome of Engineering Education Accreditation System, it is necessary to improve Engineering education innovation center's status, to establish active systematic promotion system and to operate engineering education evaluation expert committee such as 'Engineering education system evaluation council'. Fifth, because of the stakeholder's shortage of benefits and tiredness accumulation, the issue of effectiveness in engineering education institutions has raised controversy. Thus, engineering education institutions needs to take measure necessary. Moreover, engineering education improvements should be improved by reflecting opinions from professors, faculties and students who are practically planning, operating and participating engineering education programs.