• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제39권9호
• /
• pp.737-744
• /
• 2006

난류의 내부 영역의 유속은 단순한 공식으로 표현하기 매우 어려운 형태를 가지고 있다. 이 속도 분포를 기술하는 여러 가지 공식들이 제안된 바 있지만, 모든 공식들은 많은 항들을 가지거나 적분형 또는 음함수꼴을 가지고 있다. 이것은 이 식들이 적용하기 힘들거나, 매개 변수들을 추정하기 어렵다는 것을 의미한다. 이 연구에서는 매끄러운 바닥 위를 흐르는 난류 내부 영역의 유속 분포를 표현할 수 있는 간단한 형태의 새로운 공식을 제안하였다. 이 공식은 전통적인 대수 법칙에 감쇄 함수를 곱한 형태이다. 단 하나의 추가적인 매개 변수를 도입하여, 전체 내부 영역의 유속 분포를 적절하게 표현할 수 있었다. 이 공식은 벽법칙이 성립하는 바닥 근처의 유속과 대수 법칙이 성립되는 중복 영역의 유속 분포까지를 적절하게 나타낼 수 있다. 또한, 추가된 매개 변수인 감쇄 계수는 쉽게 추정할 수 있다. 이 변수는 Reynolds 수의 변화에 민감하지 않으며, 공식에 의하여 계산된 유속 분포도 또한 이 매개 변수의 변화에 대해서 민감하지 않다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.148-154
• /
• 2018

When shooting small arms, the inner surface temperature is heated up to about $700{\sim}1,000^{\circ}C$ by the friction of the bullet and the inner wall of the barrel and the combustion of propellant. High-temperature propellant gas and high-speed movement of the bullet cause corrosion of the inner wall, which is noticeable immediately in front of the chamber. In this study, the mechanical properties of Cr-Mo-V steel, which is the base material, were tested using Taguchi experimental design to find the best nitriding treatment conditions. For the nitriding process, the working time, salt bath temperature, and salt concentration were combined as three conditions and placed in the $L_9(3^4)$, orthogonal array table. The thicknesses of the white layer and the nitrogen diffusion layer were measured after nitriding under each condition in a salt bath furnace. Durability was evaluated by measuring the degree of dispersion through actual shooting because it was difficult to evaluate the mechanical properties of the cylinder inner structure. As a result, it was confirmed that the durability was optimal at $565^{\circ}C$, 1 hour, 0.5%. These optimal conditions were selected by the statistical analysis of the Minitab program(ver.17).

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.327-330
• /
• 2006

This paper represents the numerical analysis on effects of radius ratio in a concentric annulus with a rotating inner cylinder. The numerical model consisted of two cylinder which inner cylinder is rotating and outer cylinder is fix, and the axial direction is used the cyclic condition because of the length for axial direction is assumed infinite. The diameter of inner cylinder is assumed 86.8mm, the numerical parameters are angular velocity and radius ratio. Also, the whole walls of numerical model have no-slip and the working fluid is used water at $20^{\circ}C$. The numerical analysis is assumed the transient state to observe the flow variations by time and the 3-D cylindrical coordinate system. The calculation grid adopted a non-constant grid for dense arrangement near the wall side of cylinder, the standard $k-{\omega}$ high Reynolds number model to consider the effect of turbulence flow and wall, the fully implicit method for time term and the quick scheme for momentum equation. The numerical method is compared with the experimental results by Wereley and Lueptow, and the results are very good agreement. As the results, TVF isn't appeared when Re is small because of the initial flow instability is disappear by effect of the centrifugal force and viscosity. The vortex size is from 0.8 to 1.1 for TVF at various $\eta$, and the traveling distance for wavy vortex have the critical traveling distance for each case.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 1993

Rice straw treated with anhydrous ammonia and/or sulphur dioxide was incubated with rumen liquor for 24 hours and 48 hours to investigate the changes in cell wall structure caused by the treatments and bacterial degradation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A less significant tissue loss of untreated rice straw was inspected after incubated for 24 hours and 48 hours. Sulphuration decreased the thickness of sclerenchyma and apparently removed parenchyma tissues. Ammoniation degraded the phloem, and the lignified inner portion of the cell wall was completely, however, little collapsed epidemis and vascular bundles. Ammonia and Sulphur dioxide combined treatment removed the inner layer from outer layer. The extent of apparent degradability following combination treatment was the largest due to the enhanced microbial degradation of sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.89-90
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to clarify the difference between design and construction conditions based on theory for support (S) and infill (I) distinction and separation in long-life housing, and to search for future direction. To do this, the SI theory is summarized and the construction situation is examined in the demonstration house and the differences and limitations are analyzed. In order to realize SI separation in Korea, it is necessary to set the position of pipe shafts for sewage and drainage, buried in the structure and Ondol layer of the private pipes, buried various wires in the inner wall, and fixing the position of the inner wall.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.500-502
• /
• 2008

In generally, a high pressure fuel injection pipe has been often used as a fuel supply line in automobiles or other diesel engines. Such conventional high pressure fuel injection pipe, however, has suffered from the problem that is folding and hair cracks created therein. The defects can be locally formed in the inner wall surface of the pipe at the connecting head leading to a flow path when the pipe is deformed by the heading process. In the study, in order to prevent the folding in the inner wall surface of the pipe during the heading process, FE-analysis has been used in the die design.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.259-269
• /
• 2016

In this work results from an underwater experiment on flow-induced noise in the interior of a towed body generated from a surrounding turbulent boundary layer are presented. The measurements were performed with a towed body under open sea conditions at towing depths below 100 m and towing speeds ranging from 2.4 m/s to 6.2 m/s (4 kn to 12 kn). Focus is given in the experiments to the relation between (outer) wall pressure fluctuations and the (inner) hydroacoustic near-field on the reverse side of a flat plate. The plate configuration consists of a sandwich structure with an (thick) outer polyurethane layer supported by an inner thin layer from fibre-reinforced plastics. Parameters of the turbulent boundary layer are estimated in order to analyse scaling relations of wall-pressure fluctuations, interior hydroacoustic noise, and the reduction of pressure fluctuations through the plate.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.351-358
• /
• 2006

This paper presents analytical results of a rotary vane compressor performance when the compressor is used for air supply from underwater. Compression characteristics such as pressure and temperature in a compression chamber are analyzed. Volumetric and adiabatic efficiencies are calculated. Vane dynamics are also performed to give reaction forces on the vane from the cylinder inner surface and from vane slots. Compressor efficiency is about 34.9%, and about 55% of the compressor loss is produced by the friction between the vane nose and the cylinder wall. Volumetric efficiency is about 79.5%, and indicated efficiency is about 77.1%, which are comparable to other displacement type compressors. When roller was introduced between housing inner wall and vane tips, mechanical efficiency could be improved by as much as 24.9%, depending on the roller friction.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.516-524
• /
• 1987

This paper presents experimental data of fluctuation characteristics of local void fraction of air-water two-phase flow which are associated with the flow pattern, annular gap size and radial location in vertical concentric annuli with coefficient of skewness and kurtosis. The annular gap widths are 13mm, 11mm, and 9mm for a 38m inner diameter as the lucite outer tube. A electrical conductivity probe was used to measure the local void fraction and traversed diametrically from inner wall to outer wall using radial increments of 2mm. It was shown that distribution of the coefficient of skewness and kurtosis, which is related that the one is the asymmetry and the other peakness of local void fraction distribution was influenced by flow pattern, annular gap size and radial location.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.45.3-46
• /
• 2015

Space weathering agents such as micrometeoroids and solar wind particles continuously age the uppermost regolith of the lunar surface by comminuting as well as darkening and reddening. Among several maturity indices, we investigate median grain size () and optical maturity (OMAT) of the crater rim walls. Crater rim wall is the most immature place among the impact crater features because the vertical mixing process by mass-movement can enhance the gardening of regolith and the supply of immature materials in the deeper layer to the surface. More than 140 simple and complex craters were considered. Both and OMAT values of the inner rim wall initially increase as the crater size increases until ~10-20 km, then decrease. This transition crater size happens to correspond to the transition diameter from simple to complex craters. For larger craters, i.e., complex craters, it is clear that the inner rim wall of the craters formed in recent eras tend to remain fresh and become mature along with time. For the simple crater case, smaller craters are more mature, which is opposite to the case of complex craters. This is thought to be because smaller craters become flattened more quickly, thus have smaller vertical mixing in the regolith due to mass-movement. We will also discuss on the maturity indices of the crater rim walls at high latitudes as a function of the position angle to see the latitude dependence of the space weathering process.